| 词条 | Tom Fraser |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = | name = Tom Fraser | honorific-suffix = | order1 = Minister of Transport | term_start1 = 16 October 1964 | term_end1 = 23 December 1965 | monarch1 = Elizabeth II | primeminister1 = Harold Wilson | predecessor1 = Ernest Marples | successor1 = Barbara Castle | order2 = Under-Secretary of State for Scotland | term_start2 = 4 August 1945 | term_end2 = 26 October 1951 {{small|Served with George Buchanan, John Robertson and Margaret Herbison.}} | monarch2 = George VI | primeminister2 = Clement Attlee |1blankname2 = Sec. of State |1namedata2 = Joseph Westwood | order3 = Chairman of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board | term_start3 = May 1967 | term_end3 = January 1979 | predecessor3 = The Lord Strathclyde | successor3 = The Lord Greenhill of Harrow |order4 = Member of Parliament for Hamilton | term_start4 = 29 January 1943 | term_end4 = 14 October 1967 | predecessor4 = Duncan Macgregor Graham | successor4 = Winnie Ewing | birth_date = {{birth-date|18 February 1911}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death-date and age|21 November 1988|18 February 1911}} | death_place = | party = Labour |otherparty = }}Thomas Fraser PC (18 February 1911 – 21 November 1988) was a Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for the Hamilton constituency between 1943 and 1967.[1] Fraser was educated at Lesmahagow Higher Grade School until the age of 14 when he began work as minor, working underground until his entry to parliament. He served as a branch official for his union from 1938 until 1943 and from 139 until 1943 was secretary of the Lanark divisional Labour Party.[2] He entered parliament at the 1943 Hamilton by-election, defeating an independent candidate by over 8,000 votes and polling 81.1% of the votes cast.[3] Following the Labour Party's victory in the 1945 general election he was appointed as Joint Under-Secretary of State for Scotland and held the post until his party lost power in 1951 general election.[2] In opposition Fraser served as Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland "for many years."[4] Following Labour's victory in the 1964 general election he served as Minister of Transport from 16 October 1964 until 23 December 1965. In December 1965 he introduced the 70 mph (113 km/h) speed limit on motorways as an emergency measure[5] following a series of multiple crashes on motorways mainly in fog.[6] Throughout his tenure as Minister, he authorised the closure 1,071 mi of railway lines, following the recommendations from the Beeching Report. However, he went further and authorised the closure of lines, notably the Oxford to Cambridge Line, that even Beeching had not considered closing.[7] In May 1967 he resigned from Parliament to become chairman of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board.[8][9] His resignation paved the way for a by-election which resulted in a historic victory for the Scottish National Party's candidate Winnie Ewing.[4] He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1964. He later served on the Wheatley Commission and was in part responsible for the resulting reforms in Scottish local government. He retired to Lesmahagow, where he had previously been employed as a miner, and died in Law Hospital in 1988 after a brief illness.[4] [4] When he died, one of his successors for the seat George Robertson noted there was still "immense respect" for him in Hamilton.[4] Notes1. ^{{cite web |title = Candidates and Constituency Assessments: Hamilton South |url = http://www.alba.org.uk/nextwe/c08.html |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050816132547/http://www.alba.org.uk/nextwe/c08.html |archivedate = 16 August 2005 |df = dmy-all}} 2. ^1 {{cite book |title=The Times House of Commons 1951 |date=1951 |publisher=The Times Office |location=London |page=201}} 3. ^{{cite book |last1=Craig |first1=F.W.S. |title=British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949 |date=1969 |publisher=Political Reference Publications |location=Glasgow |page=632}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |title=Ex-Minister Dies at 77 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2mus-XyGPC0C&dat=19881122&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |accessdate=15 March 2019 |work=Evening Times |date=22 November 1988 |page=4}} 5. ^{{cite news|author=Walter Harris|title=Politicians and the pleasures of fast cars|date=2005-12-13|url=http://motoring.independent.co.uk/comment/article332716.ece|publisher=The Independent}} 6. ^{{cite news|author=David Benson |title=Four of the reasons why there's a good time coming |year=1966 |url=http://geocities.com/zephyr_mark4/4reasons.html |publisher=The Daily Express |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026233144/http://geocities.com/zephyr_mark4/4reasons.html |archivedate=26 October 2009 |deadurl=unfit }} 7. ^David Henshaw: The Great Railway Conspiracy. p. 165 (3rd Edition, 2013) {{ISBN|978-0-957651 1-0-4}} 8. ^{{cite web|author=Christopher Harvie |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ulPnFO1rSKYC&pg=PA178&lpg=PA178&dq=North+of+Scotland+Hydro-Electric+Board+chairman+1967&source=bl&ots=mCpmCHMuWm&sig=Mc1CZXVwHi7yymQXB9CXAFGtizM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwinuve74IXSAhVmLcAKHXHqDXYQ6AEIUjAM#v=onepage&q=North%20of%20Scotland%20Hydro-Electric%20Board%20chairman%201967&f=false |title=Scotland and Nationalism: Scottish Society and Politics, 1707 to the Present |publisher=Google Books |date= |accessdate=2017-08-22}} 9. ^{{cite web|author=David Butler |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BOR8DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA209&lpg=PA209&dq=M+Joughin+North+of+Sco+Hydro&source=bl&ots=lG1yLX6vi5&sig=UgpP1nDb8aoi4LRStQ2mWwgD8SM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwja27KX4oXSAhXrAsAKHe7cArEQ6AEIHzAB#v=onepage&q=M%20Joughin%20North%20of%20Sco%20Hydro&f=false |title=British Political Facts Since 1979 |publisher=Google Books |date= |accessdate=2017-08-22}} External links
| title = Member of Parliament for Hamilton | years = 1943–1967 | before = Duncan Macgregor Graham | after = Winnie Ewing }}{{s-off}}{{succession box | title = Minister of Transport | years = 1964–1965 | before = Ernest Marples | after = Barbara Castle }}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fraser, Tom}}{{Scotland-Labour-UK-MP-stub}} 15 : 1911 births|1988 deaths|Scottish Labour Party MPs|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Miners' Federation of Great Britain-sponsored MPs|National Union of Mineworkers-sponsored MPs|UK MPs 1935–45|UK MPs 1945–50|UK MPs 1950–51|UK MPs 1951–55|UK MPs 1955–59|UK MPs 1959–64|UK MPs 1964–66|UK MPs 1966–70|Secretaries of State for Transport (UK) |
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