词条 | Tom Ricketts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| name = Tom Ricketts | image = Tom-Ricketts-1936.jpg | imagesize =150px | caption = Tom Ricketts in After the Thin Man (1936) | birth_name = Thomas B. Ricketts | birth_date = {{Birth date|1853|1|15|mf=y}} | birth_place = London, England | death_date = {{Death date and age|1939|1|19|1853|1|15|mf=y}} | death_place = Hollywood, California, US | spouse = Josephine Ditt | yearsactive = 1882–1939 | occupation = Actor, director | awards = }} Thomas B. Ricketts (January 15, 1853 – January 19, 1939) was a London-born American stage and film actor and director who was a pioneer in the film industry. He portrayed Ebenezer Scrooge in the first American film adaptation of A Christmas Carol (1908), and directed one of the first motion pictures ever made in Hollywood. After directing scores of silent films, including the first film to be released by Universal Pictures, Ricketts became a prominent character actor. BiographyThomas B. Ricketts[1] was born in Greenwich, London January 15, 1853,[2] the son of Rosa (née Penniall) Robert Ricketts. His father was a painter and when Thomas was 17 years old he emigrated to the United States, and initially worked as a painter himself. However he soon moved into acting in the theatre and directed plays on Broadway for Charles Frohman.[3] He was a stage manager for the Shubert family, sang baritone with the Carleton Opera Company, and starred in his own play, Henri Duvar.[4] In 1906, after he had been with the Shuberts for four years, Ricketts was persuaded by a friend to join Essanay Studios in Chicago.[5][2] He played Scrooge in A Christmas Carol (1908), the first American film adaption of the Dickens classic,[3] then starred in The Old Curiosity Shop (1909). When Ricketts said he had toured with a comedy he had written, A Cure for Gout, the company asked him to make a 600-foot film of it—the length limit for a comedy at that time.[5] Ricketts became a director, taking over comedies and melodramas from Broncho Billy Anderson, who in turn took over Westerns. Ethel Clayton, Jack Conway, J. Warren Kerrigan and Bryant Washburn were among Ricketts's discoveries—along with Josephine Ditt, "the best-dressed woman on the screen", to whom Ricketts was married.[5] Chief dramatic and general producer for two years at Essanay,[4] he helped organize the American Film Manufacturing Company in 1910. He made six films for the Flying "A"[5] before withdrawing and seeking another opportunity.[4] {{multiple image| align = right | direction = vertical | width = 300 | image1 =Nestor Films, group shot (00013619).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 =Nestor Films group shot (00013616).jpg | alt2 = | caption2 =Thomas Ricketts (front row, right) in a group photo with the Nestor Motion Picture Company (1911) }} In 1911 Ricketts moved to California, together with Canadian film pioneer Al Christie, with thoughts of creating a new film company. "We arrived in Los Angeles with no idea of where to establish our studio," Ricketts remembered. "A real estate man who happened to overhear our discussion of a studio site suggested Hollywood. The next day we found our way out to Sunset and Gower, to a defunct roadhouse. The owner, a woman, wanted $60 a month rent for the entire block. We thought it was too much, but we signed a lease."[5] The Nestor Film Company opened its studio October 27, 1911.[5] Ricketts directed one of the first Hollywood-made motion pictures, The Best Man Wins (1911), photographed by Charles Rosher.{{efn|The Best Man Wins is a romantic comedy filmed in October and released December 25, 1911, promoted as a Christmas release. It is sometimes called the first Hollywood film. Also laying claim to that distinction is The Law of the Range, a Western directed by Nestor's Milton H. Fahrney that was released December 13, 1911.[6]}}[7][17][8] Its stars were juvenile leading man Harold Lockwood, ingenue Dorothy Davenport, vamp Josephine Ditt, juvenile ingenue Victoria Forde, male heavy Gordon Sackville, and character actresses Eugenie Forde and Alice Davenport. Allan Dwan was Ricketts's assistant.[5] Nestor made between 50 and 60 films—half of them directed by Ricketts—over the next 18 months.[5] On May 20, 1912, the company merged with the Universal Film Manufacturing Company,[9] Nestor's distributor beginning with The Dawn of Netta (1912), directed by Ricketts.[10][11]{{Rp|11}} In 1914, on an independent contract, Ricketts directed Richard Bennett in Damaged Goods. When flower girls were needed for a wedding scene, Bennett's three daughters—Joan Bennett, Constance Bennett and Barbara Bennett—began their film careers.[7] "Its success made me a little egotistical," Ricketts recalled. "It cost about $25,000 to make and brought in a million and a half on its first run. I naturally thought it would put me in great demand as a director. But it didn't. I had to start all over again, this time going back to my old trade as an actor."{{efn|As part of its obituary, The New York Times reprinted a North American Newspaper Alliance interview with Thomas Ricketts conducted not long before his death.}}[12] Returning to acting in 1919, in his mid-60s, Ricketts was almost always in demand for character parts.[2] By 1935 he was described as "white-haired and bent with age … content with an occasional film role".[7] His later films included Top Hat (1935), After the Thin Man (1936), Pennies from Heaven (1936), The Young in Heart (1938) and Son of Frankenstein (1939). He was regarded as the oldest working actor in Hollywood.[13] Ricketts died at Hollywood Hospital January 19, 1939, aged 86,[2][14] of pneumonia, contracted the previous week when he went to work at Universal Studios despite a cold. "Mr. Ricketts left no funds," reported The New York Times, "and expenses of his funeral will be paid by the Motion Picture Relief Society."[12] Josephine Ricketts, hospitalized in Santa Monica[2] since suffering a stroke at Christmas, was not informed of her husband's death;[12] it was reported that she would be told sometime before his funeral.[15] Ricketts was buried in an unmarked grave at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.[16] Select filmographyDirector{{multiple image| align = right | direction = vertical | width = 260 | image1 =The-Best-Man-Wins-1911.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 =Still from The Best Man Wins (1911) | image2 =Damaged-Goods-1914-Herald-A.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = Herald for Damaged Goods (1914) | image3 =The-House-of-a-Thousand-Scandals-Ad.jpg | alt3 = | caption3 =Ad for The House of a Thousand Scandals (1915) }}
Actor{{multiple image| align = right | direction = vertical | width = 260 | image1 =His Official Fiancée (1919) - 1.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 =Forrest Stanley, Vivian Martin and Tom Ricketts in His Official Fiancée (1919) | image2 =XBlackOxen.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 =Clara Bow, Kate Lester and Tom Ricketts in Black Oxen (1923) }}
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^Ancestry.com. 1920 United States Federal Census [database online]. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2010. Retrieved 2016-02-06. 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |last=United Press |first= |date=January 20, 1939 |title=Prominent Actor, Tom Ricketts, Dies, Age 86 |url= |newspaper=The Bakersfield Californian }} 3. ^{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Michael Glover |last2=Selzer |first2=Adam |date=2015 |title=Flickering Empire: How Chicago Invented the U.S. Film Industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UHCrBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=Essanay+A+Christmas+Carol+1908&source=bl&ots=b9wskXCfU6&sig=xxJwgT5Nj8YD61tyl_6-6vKt-y4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf16uZ3OPKAhVEPD4KHZLICbgQ6AEIWTAM#v=onepage&q=A%20Christmas%20Carol%201908&f=false |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=90 |isbn=9780786407385}} 4. ^1 {{cite magazine |last= |first= |date=December 3, 1910 |title=Thomas Ricketts (advertisement) |url=https://archive.org/stream/moviwor07chal#page/1322/mode/1up |magazine=The Moving Picture World |page=1322 |access-date=2016-02-08 }} 5. ^"Bronze Memorial Will Mark First Hollywood Studio Site." Los Angeles Times. September 25, 1940. 6. ^{{cite magazine |last= |first= |date=December 30, 1911 |title=Independent Release Dates |url=https://archive.org/stream/moviwor10chal#page/n1111/mode/1up |magazine=The Moving Picture World |location= |page=1104 |access-date=2016-02-07 }} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Dan (Newspaper Enterprise Association) |date=November 7, 1935 |title=Pioneer Film Director Now Just an Extra |url= |newspaper=The Burlington Daily Times-News |location=Burlington, North Carolina}} 8. ^1 {{cite book |last=Slide |first=Anthony |authorlink=Anthony Slide |date=2015 |title=Britain Comes to Hollywood and Hollywood Comes to Britain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tRTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT40&lpg=PT40&dq=Charles+Gorman+Centaur+Film+Company&source=bl&ots=ScS061jIBl&sig=DWyxV-H7trX5DsGp8x3DhvCsWmw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7osbWtfPKAhUPyGMKHQQnCusQ6AEIOTAG#v=onepage&q=Charles%20Gorman%20Centaur%20Film%20Company&f=false |location=Jackson, Mississippi |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |isbn=9781628460872 }} 9. ^{{cite magazine |last=Harleman |first=G. P. von |date=March 10, 1917 |title=Motion Picture Studios of California |url=https://archive.org/stream/movpict31chal#page/n370/mode/1up |magazine=The Moving Picture World |page=1601 |access-date=2016-02-12 }} 10. ^{{cite magazine |last= |first= |date=June 22, 1912 |title=Advertisement |url=https://archive.org/stream/movingpicturewor12newy#page/1142/mode/1up/ |magazine=The Moving Picture World |location= |publisher= |access-date=2016-02-07 }} 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |last=Hirschhorn |first=Clive |authorlink=Clive Hirschhorn |date=1985 |orig-year=1983 |title=The Universal Story |url= |location=New York |publisher=Crown Publishers |isbn=0-7064-1873-5}} 12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite news |last= |first= |date=January 21, 1939|title=Thomas Ricketts, Pioneer of Movies |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E03E2D9123CE73ABC4951DFB7668382629EDE |newspaper=The New York Times |location= |access-date=2016-02-06 }} 13. ^{{cite news |last=Fidler |first=Jimmie |authorlink=Jimmie Fidler |date=January 3, 1939 |title=Jimmie Fidler in Hollywood |url= |newspaper=Elyria Chronicle Telegram |location=Elyria, Ohio}} 14. ^Ancestry.com. California, Death Index, 1905–1939 [database online]. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2013. Retrieved 2016-02-06. 15. ^{{cite news |last=United Press |first= |date=January 21, 1939 |title=Raft is Released After Refusal on Gigolo Role |url= |newspaper=Galveston Tribune |location=Galveston, Texas}} 16. ^1 {{cite book |last=Ellenberger |first=Allan R. |date=2001 |title=Celebrities in Los Angeles Cemeteries: A Directory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8bOJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA147&lpg=PA147&dq=waiter+at+the+Thackeray+Club,+Top+Hat&source=bl&ots=_tQrW2wpp1&sig=PmFrqy3vx6P4OBi1eB6fp6EOpvw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqwLGM3eTKAhUBVxoKHQgFDfQQ6AEINjAE#v=onepage&q=waiter%20at%20the%20Thackeray%20Club%2C%20Top%20Hat&f=false |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |publisher=McFarland |page=146 |isbn=9780786409839}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=35719 |title=A Cure for Gout |website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=2016-02-06 }} 18. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b69ab5133 |title=The Best Man Wins |website=BFI Film & TV Database |publisher=British Film Institute |access-date=2016-02-06}} 19. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 {{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/SearchResult.aspx?s=&TBL=PN&Type=CA&ID=147873 |title=Tom Ricketts |website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=2016-02-06}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.1756/default.html |title=Damaged Goods |website=American Silent Feature Film Survival Database |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2016-02-07}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.4097/default.html |title=The Buzzard's Shadow |website=American Silent Feature Film Survival Database |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2016-02-07}} 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.6295/default.html |title=The House of a Thousand Scandals |website=American Silent Feature Film Survival Database |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2016-02-07}} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.4989/default.html |title=The End of the Road |website=American Silent Feature Film Survival Database |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2016-02-07}} 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.7178/default.html |title=The Lure of the Mask |website=American Silent Feature Film Survival Database |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2016-02-07}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.9008/default.html |title=Secretary of Frivolous Affairs |website=American Silent Feature Film Survival Database |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2016-02-07}} 26. ^{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.2088/default.html |title=The Other Side of the Door |website=American Silent Feature Film Survival Database |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2016-02-07}} 27. ^{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.9218/default.html |title=The Single Code |website=American Silent Feature Film Survival Database |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2016-02-07}} 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.8995/default.html |title=Secret Marriage |website=American Silent Feature Film Survival Database |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2016-02-07}} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.4488/default.html |title=The Crime of the Hour |website=American Silent Feature Film Survival Database |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2016-02-07}} 30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=37024 |title=The Old Curiosity Shop |website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=2016-02-06 }} 31. ^ {{cite news |last= |first= |date=October 16, 1932 |title=Flashes from the Cinema Studios |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D0CE5D61631E633A25755C1A9669D946394D6CF |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=2016-02-08 }} External links{{Portal|Biography}}{{commons category|Tom Ricketts (actor)}}
9 : American film directors|Male actors from London|American male silent film actors|Silent film directors|1853 births|1939 deaths|20th-century American male actors|Deaths from pneumonia|British emigrants to the United States |
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