| 词条 | Tonguefish |
| 释义 |
| name = Tonguefishes | image = Symphurus pusillus.jpg | image_caption = Northern tonguefish, Symphurus pusillus | taxon = Cynoglossidae | authority = Jordan, 1888 | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies & Genera[1] | subdivision = Subfamily Cynoglossinae Cynoglossus Paraplagusia Subfamily Symphurinae Symphurus }}Tonguefishes are flatfishes in the family Cynoglossidae. They are distinguished by the presence of a long hook on the snout overhanging the mouth, and the absence of pectoral fins. Their eyes are both on the left side of their bodies, which also lack a pelvic fin.[2] This family has three genera with a total of more than 140 species. The largest reaches a length of {{convert|66|cm|abbr=on}}, though most species only reach half that size or less.[3][4][5] They are found in tropical and subtropical oceans, mainly in shallow waters and estuaries, though a few species found in deep sea floors,[6] and a few in rivers. Symphurus thermophilus lives congregating around "ponds" of sulphur at hydrothermal vents on the seafloor. No other flatfish is known from hydrothermal vents.[7] Scientists are unsure of the mechanism that allows the fish to survive and even thrive in such a hostile environment.[8]{{clear}}See also
References1. ^{{FishBase family | family = Cynoglossidae| month = October | year = 2012}} {{flatfish}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1136219}}2. ^{{cite book |editor1-last = Paxton | editor1-first = J. R. | editor2-last = Eschmeyer | editor2-first = W. N. | author1-last = Chapleau | author1-first = Francois | author2-last = Amaoka | author2-first = Kunio | date = 1998 | title = Encyclopedia of Fishes | publisher = Academic Press | location = San Diego | isbn = 0-12-547665-5 | page = 225 }} 3. ^{{FishBase genus | genus = Cynoglossus| month = May | year = 2014}} 4. ^{{FishBase genus | genus = Paraplagusia| month = May | year = 2014}} 5. ^{{FishBase genus | genus = Symphurus| month = May | year = 2014}} 6. ^{{Cite web|title = Taxonomic status of three nominal species of Indo-Pacific symphurine tonguefishes (Symphurus: Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes) |url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227310648_Taxonomic_status_of_three_nominal_species_of_Indo-Pacific_symphurine_tonguefishes_%2528Symphurus_Cynoglossidae_Pleuronectiformes%2529 |website = ResearchGate |accessdate = 2015-11-01|doi = 10.1007/BF02678697}} 7. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Munroe | first1 = Thomas A. | last2 = Hashimoto | first2 = Jun | date = 1 August 2008 | title = A new Western Pacific Tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae): The first Pleuronectiform discovered at active Hydrothermal Vents | url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/zt01839p059.pdf | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 1839 | pages = 43–59 }} 8. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6212716.stm | first = Jonathan | last = Amos | publisher = BBC News | title=Fish dance on sulphur cauldrons | date=14 December 2006 | accessdate=25 May 2010}} 1 : Cynoglossidae |
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