“Toquz Oghuz”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Toquz Oghuz (Old Turkic: Toquz Oγuz)^[1] was a political alliance of nine Turkic tribes in Inner Asia, during the early Middle Ages. Toquz Oghuz was consolidated within the Turkic Kaganate (552-743), and remained after the Kaganate fragmented.

Oghuz is a Turkic word meaning "community" and toquz means "nine". Similarly the Karluks were also known as the Uch-Oguz – uch meaning "three".^[2] The root of the generalized ethnical term "oghuz" is og-, meaning "clan, tribe"; which in turn, according to Kononov, descends from the ancient Turkic word ög meaning "mother" (however, Golden considered such a further derivation impossible)^[3]. Initially the oguz designated "tribes" or "tribal union", and eventually became an ethnonym.

The Toquz Oghuz were perhaps first mentioned in the Orkhon inscriptions written in the 730s. The nine tribes were named in Chinese histories as the Huihe (回纥), Pugu (仆骨), Hun (浑), Bayegu (拔野古), Tongluo (同罗), Sijie (思结), Qibi (契苾), A-Busi (阿布思), and Gulunwugu (骨仑屋骨). The first seven named – who lived north of the Gobi Desert – were dominant, whereas the A-Busi and Gulunwugu emerged later and were accepted on an equal footing with the others some time after 743. The A-Busi apparently originated as a sub-tribal group within the Sijie, and the Gulunwugu as a combination of two other tribes.^[4]

Turkologist Yury Zuev controversially claims that Sitsze (pinyin: Sijie, Wade-Girls: Ssu-chieh) may be a Chinese rendition of an endonym with a root in igil – a Turkic root meaning "many" (ssu-chieh < γiei-kiet < igil). As such, Zuev has suggested, the tribe may be linked to the Uokil and the Augaloi in Transoxania.^[5]. Zuev also links Sijie (思结) to the Nushibis sub-tribe Āxījiē (阿悉結), which he idiosyncratically reconstructed as a-siək-kiet, supposedly from Esegel^[6].

References

1. ^Kultegin's Memorial Complex, TÜRK BITIG
2. ^Gumilev L.N. Ancient Turks, Moscow, 'Science', 1967, Ch.5 http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/OT/ot5.htm{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}
3. ^Golden, B. P. "Oq and Oğur ~ Oğuz", Turkic Languages, 16/2 (2012), p. 183-188
4. ^{{cite book |title=The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia |author=Colin Mackerras |chapter= Chapter 12 - The Uighurs |editor = Denis Sinor |page=320 |isbn=978-0521243049}}
5. ^Wang Pu, "Summary review of Tang dynasty, 618-907 (Tang Huiyao)", Shanghai, 1958, ch. 72, p. 1307, in Yu. Zuev, "Early Türks: Sketches of history and ideology", p. 45
6. ^Zuev Yu.A. "The strongest tribe Esgil" Materials of International Round Table, Almaty, 2004, {{ISBN|9965-699-14-3}}, p. 47