| 词条 | Torlesse Composite Terrane |
| 释义 |
| name = Torlesse Composite Terrane | image = Aoraki (Mount Cook) from Hooker Glacier Lake.jpg | caption = View of Torless Composite Terrane at Mount Cook | type = Terrane | age = Carboniferous-Cretaceous ~{{fossil range|320|130}} | period = Mesozoic | prilithology = Greywacke, schist, basalt | otherlithology = | namedfor = Torlesse Range | namedby = | region = Canterbury, Marlborough & Otago Regions | country = {{NZ}} | coordinates = | unitof = Austral Superprovince | subunits = Kaweka, Rakaia & Pahau Terranes, Esk Head Belt, Pahaoa & Clent Hills Groups | underlies = Caples Terrane, Momotu, Waka & Haerenga Supergroups | overlies = | thickness = | extent = | area = | map = Cross Section New Zealand geology.jpg | map_caption = Cross-section of New Zealand's stratigraphy }} Torlesse Composite Terrane contains the Rakaia, Aspiring and Pahau Terranes and the Esk Head Belt.[1] Greywacke (or Torlesse Greywacke) is the dominant rock type of the composite terrane, argillite is less common and there are minor basalt occurrences. The Torlesse Composite Terrane is found east of the Alpine Fault in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Its southern extent is a cryptic boundary with the Caples Terrane within the Haast Schists in Central Otago.[2] It is named for the Torlesse Range in Canterbury. The Rakaia Terrane rocks, of Permian to late Triassic age (300-200 Ma), occur south of Rangiora. DescriptionThe Pahau Terrane rocks, of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age (160-100 Ma), occur to the north, and are probably derived from the Rakaia Terrane. At the boundary between these two terranes is the Esk Head Belt, an {{convert|11|km|mi}} wide mélange of broken and deformed rocks. The Aspiring Terrane (Aspiring Lithologic Association) is officially included within the Torlesse Composite Terrane, however, it has a higher proportion of igneous rocks and a different sedimentary source.[3] Its original relationship with the Rakaia Terrane is obscured by the Haast Schist. DepositionThe greywacke of the Torlesse Composite Terrane was deposited on the eastern side of New Zealand from the Late Carboniferous through to the Middle Cretaceous. It was deposited in giant deep sea fans that extended beyond the ends of ancient submarine canyons. A fan starts with a submarine canyon on the continental shelf. Then turbidity currents rush down the canyon like giant undersea avalanches. As it does this it carries all sorts of sediments from the shallower seafloor of the continental shelf. At the end of the canyon the turbidity current spreads out and creates giant fans of sediment that blanket the deep seafloor. These sediments were derived in part from the granitic rocks of northeastern Australia has been suggested by detailed studies of the mineral grains.[4] MetamorphismThe Torlesse Composite Terrane has undergone metamorphism and been transformed into Haast Schist. In the Haast Schists, the minerals that make up greywacke became coarser grained and altered to other minerals including quartz, feldspar and biotite.[5] Rare pods of Pounamu (Jade) are found in the higher metamorphic grades near the Alpine Fault.[6] See also{{portal|New Zealand|Geology|Paleozoic|Prehistory of Oceania}}
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://data.gns.cri.nz/ |title= New Zealand Stratigraphic Lexicon |last= |first= |date=|website= |publisher=GNS Science |access-date=|quote=}} 2. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.geotrips.org.nz/downloads/Ballance_NZ_Geology-V2.pdf |title= New Zealand Geology: an illustrated guide |website= www.geotrips.org.nz}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Jugum|first1=D|last2=Norris|first2=RH|last3=Palin|first3=JM|title=Late Jurassic detrital zircons from the Haast Schist and their implications for New Zealand terrane assembly and metamorphism|journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics|volume=56|issue=4|year=2013|pages=223–228|issn=0028-8306|doi=10.1080/00288306.2013.815639}} 4. ^http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/geology-overview/page-4 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Our-Science/Earth-Science/Regional-Geology/The-Geology-of-New-Zealand/Stratigraphy/Greywacke |last= |first= |date=|website=www.gns.cri.nz| title=The Geology of New Zealand: Greywacke |publisher=GNS Science |access-date=|quote=}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=Alan F.|last2=Ireland|first2=Trevor R.|title=The Pounamu terrane, a new Cretaceous exotic terrane within the Alpine Schist, New Zealand; tectonically emplaced, deformed and metamorphosed during collision of the LIP Hikurangi Plateau with Zealandia|journal=Gondwana Research|volume=27|issue=3|year=2015|pages=1255–1269|issn=1342937X|doi=10.1016/j.gr.2013.11.011|bibcode=2015GondR..27.1255C}} Further reading
10 : Geologic formations of New Zealand|Paleozoic Oceania|Jurassic System of Oceania|Cretaceous System of Oceania|Sandstone formations|Schist|Basalt|Geography of Canterbury, New Zealand|Geography of the Marlborough Region|Geography of Otago |
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