| 词条 | Tower Bridge (California) |
| 释义 |
| bridge_name = Tower Bridge | image = Tower Bridge Sacramento edit.jpg | caption = The Tower Bridge just after sunset | carries = Cars, pedestrians, and previously railroad on 4 lanes of {{jct|state=CA|CA|275}} | crosses = Sacramento River | maint = Caltrans | locale = West Sacramento and Sacramento, California | design = Vertical lift bridge | length = {{convert|737|ft|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|52|ft|abbr=on}} | cost = {{USD|994000|1935|round=-4}} | below = {{convert|100|ft|abbr=on}} above high water | height = {{convert |160|ft|abbr=on}} | mainspan = {{convert |209|ft|m|0|adj=on|abbr=on}} lift span | spans = 8 | pierswater = 2 | open = December 15, 1935 | architect = Alfred Eichler | builder = George Pollock & Company | id = 22 0021 | id_type = NBI | coordinates = {{coord|38.580556|-121.508333|region:US-CA_type:landmark|display=title,inline}} | replaces = 1910 Sacramento Northern Railway swing through-truss bridge | embed = yes | nrhp_type = | refnum = 82004845 | architect = Alfred Eichler | architecture = Span Drive Type | designated_nrhp_type= 1982 | governing_body = State of California | references = [1][1][3][4] }} The Tower Bridge is a Vertical lift bridge across the Sacramento River, linking West Sacramento in Yolo County to the west, with the capital of California, Sacramento, in Sacramento County to the east. It was previously a part of U.S. Route 40 until that highway was truncated to east of Salt Lake City. The bridge is maintained by the California Department of Transportation as part of State Route 275 and connects West Capitol Avenue and Tower Bridge Gateway in West Sacramento with the Capitol Mall in Sacramento. In 1982, the Tower Bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[2] HistoryDeveloping the bridgeThe Tower Bridge replaced the 1911 M Street Bridge in Sacramento,[3] which was originally a swing through-truss railroad bridge. Later, {{convert |9|ft|m|adj=on}} roadway sections were added as cantilevered sections on both sides of the existing rail bridge.[4] Sacramento's population more than doubled between 1910 and 1935, rendering the existing bridge inadequate. In 1933, the city realized that it needed a better crossing over the Sacramento River in case of war.[4] On December 22, 1933, the State of California, Sacramento County, and the Sacramento Northern Railway held a conference to plan the new bridge, with an agreement reached on March 8, 1934. Under the terms of the agreement, Sacramento Northern Railway relinquished its rights to the 1911 M Street Bridge in return for the rights to rail traffic over the new bridge until March 21, 1960, which was the original expiration date of its franchise to operate rail traffic over the 1911 bridge.[5] Construction commenced on July 20, 1934. Road traffic was diverted to the I Street Bridge, and rail traffic was diverted to a temporary timber-and-steel "shoofly" bridge approximately {{convert |75|ft|m|abbr=on}} of the existing M Street Bridge.[4] DesignTower Bridge was initially designed with a {{convert|52|ft|abbr=on|adj=on}} wide roadway with sidewalks, with single lanes for cars flanking a large {{convert |13|ft|m|adj=on}} center lane for trains.[4] The towers are {{convert|160|ft|abbr=on}}. From east to west, the bridge consists of a {{convert |30|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} long girder span, a {{convert |167|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} long eastern truss approach span, the {{convert |209|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} long central lift span, a {{convert |193|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} long western approach span and four {{convert |34|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} long girder spans. With the draw up, there is {{convert |100|ft|m}} of vertical clearance above high water with a {{convert |172|ft|m|adj=on}} wide navigation channel between the timber pier fenders. Although the lift span weighs {{convert |1150|ST|t}}, the use of an equal amount of counterweights (located in each tower) means the span is operated with two relatively small {{convert |100|hp|kW|adj=on}} electric motors.[4] The bridge style represents a rare use of Streamline Moderne architectural styling in a lift bridge, making it an outstanding expression of the social and architectural climate of the period of construction.[4] The lift span towers were sheathed in steel to streamline its appearance.[5] The American Institute of Steel Construction gave the Tower Bridge an honorable mention for its Class B prize bridge award in 1935.[6][7] On December 15, 1935, then-governor Frank Merriam dedicated the bridge, and led the inaugural parade across it. 1000 homing pigeons were released to carry the news throughout California.[8] The first train had crossed the bridge on November 7, 1935.[5] The Tower Bridge was the first vertical lift bridge in the California Highway System after it was formally accepted by the state on January 11, 1936.[5] The railroad tracks were removed in 1963.[5] With the removal of the tracks, the roadway was restriped for four automobile lanes. Due to the nearby railroad tracks, the grade crossing on the east side is designed to act as a secondary barrier to exclude vehicular traffic while the bridge is raised. When the warning siren sounds, the crossing activates to block traffic until the bridge is safe for use. Repainting the bridgeFor years, the bridge was painted with a silver aluminum paint under a special work order,[5][7] but people complained about glare off the bridge. The concrete pylons were initially painted a sky-blue color.[5] In June 1976 as part of Bicentennial projects, it was painted a yellow-ochre color to match the gold leafed cupola on the nearby State Capitol.[5] In 2001, as the old paint job could hardly be distinguished, residents who lived within {{convert|35|mi|abbr=on}} of the capital voted on a new color scheme. Their choices were all-gold; green, gold and silver; or burgundy, silver and gold.[9] The winning choice was all gold, and it was repainted in 2002. However, that did not lessen the bridge's color controversy. Some people complained that the new paint was not as gilded as advertised. Others have suggested that copper would have been a far better color choice, especially in the context of nearby buildings. The new coat is expected to last 30 years.[10] 2007 revitalizationCurrently, the bridge is used for pedestrian and vehicle traffic only. In 2007, regional transportation agencies were considering the possibility of adding trolley traffic across the bridge. See also
References1. ^{{Structurae|20003665}} {{commons category|Tower Bridge (Sacramento, California)|position=left}}2. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/CA/Sacramento/state2.html | title=National Register Information System | year=2010| work=National Register of Historic Places | publisher=National Park Service | accessdate=15 November 2010}} 3. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/env/cultural/crmpub.htm |title=Historic Highway Bridges of California |author=Mikesell, Stephen D. |publisher=California Department of Transportation |location=Sacramento, California |date=1990 |oclc=232919832 |accessdate=27 July 2015 }} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web| author=| title=History of the Tower Bridge| url=http://home.pacbell.net/hywaymn/tower_bridge_history.htm| work=Bridges over the Sacramento River| date=| accessdate=18 November 2010| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123071352/http://home.pacbell.net/hywaymn/tower_bridge_history.htm| archivedate=23 November 2010| df=}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite report |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/master/pnp/habshaer/ca/ca1500/ca1543/data/ca1543data.pdf |title=SACRAMENTO RIVER BRIDGE (Tower Bridge; M Street Bridge), HAER No. CA-73 |author1=Fisher, James |author2=Snyder, John W. |date= |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=27 July 2015 }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aisc.org/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=30464 |title=Prize Bridges 1928–1956 |author=American Institute of Steel Construction |date=1956 |website=AISC |accessdate=27 July 2015 }} 7. ^1 {{cite journal |url=http://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/Californiahighways/chpw_1936_jul.pdf |title=Tower Bridge Wins National Award |author=Walsh, Everett L. |journal=California Highways and Public Works |date=July 1936 |volume=14 |number=7 |pages=8–9; 27 |publisher=California Department of Public Works |accessdate=27 July 2015 }} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal |url=http://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/Californiahighways/chpw_1936_jan.pdf |title=Governor Merriam Opens $994,000 Tower Bridge at M Street, Sacramento |author= |journal=California Highways and Public Works |date=January 1936 |volume=14 |number=1 |pages=2–3; 12–13 |publisher=California Department of Public Works |accessdate=27 July 2015 }} 9. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2002/jan/07/local/me-20881 |title=No Golden Gate, Tower Bridge in Sacramento Still Wants to Shine |author=Bailey, Eric |date=7 January 2002 |newspaper=The Los Angeles Times |accessdate=27 July 2015 }} 10. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2002/nov/24/local/me-bridge24 |title=Bridge's Paint Job Loses Its Sparkle |author=Warren, Jenifer |date=24 November 2002 |newspaper=The Los Angeles Times |accessdate=27 July 2015 }} External links
|structure = Crossings |place = Sacramento River |bridge = Tower Bridge |bridge signs = |upstream = I Street Bridge |upstream signs = |downstream = Cap City Freeway / U.S. Route 50 (cosigned) |downstream signs = }}{{NRHP in Sacramento County, California}}{{NRHP in Yolo County, California}}{{National Register of Historic Places in California}} 19 : Bridges over the Sacramento River|Railroad bridges in California|Road bridges in California|Bridges in Sacramento County, California|Bridges in Yolo County, California|Buildings and structures in Sacramento, California|Vertical lift bridges in California|Transportation in Sacramento, California|Steel bridges in the United States|Bridges on the United States Numbered Highways|U.S. Route 40|Bridges completed in 1935|1935 establishments in California|Drawbridges on the National Register of Historic Places|National Register of Historic Places in Sacramento, California|Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in California|Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in California|Historic American Engineering Record in California|Streamline Moderne architecture in California |
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