词条 | Toy block |
释义 |
Toy blocks (also building bricks, building blocks, or simply blocks) are wooden, plastic, or foam pieces of various shapes (square, cylinder, arch, triangle, etc.) and colors that are used as construction toys. Sometimes toy blocks depict letters of the alphabet. HistoryThere are mentions of blocks or "dice" with alphabets inscribed on them used as entertaining educational tools in the works of English writer and inventor Hugh Plat (his 1594 book The Jewel House of Art and Nature) and English philosopher John Locke (his 1693 essay Thoughts Concerning Education).[1][2] Plat described them as "the child using to play much with them, and being always told what letter chanceth, will soon gain his Alphabet" and Locke noted "Thus Children may be cozen’d into a Knowledge of the Letters; be taught to read, without perceiving it to be anything but a Sport". University of Pennsylvania professor of Urbanism Witold Rybczynski has found that the earliest mention of building bricks for children appears in Maria and R.L. Edgeworth's Practical Education (1798). Called "rational toys", blocks were intended to teach children about gravity and physics, as well as spatial relationships that allow them to see how many different parts become a whole.[3] In 1837 Friedrich Fröbel invented a preschool educational institution Kindergarten. For that, he designed ten Froebel Gifts based on building blocks principles. During the mid-nineteenth century, Henry Cole (under the pseudonym of Felix Summerly) wrote a series of children’s books. Cole's A book of stories from The Home Treasury included a box of terracotta toy blocks and, in the accompanying pamphlet "Architectural Pastime", actual blueprints. In 2003 the National Toy Hall of Fame at The Strong museum in Rochester, New York inducted ABC blocks into their collection, granting it the title of one of America's toys of national significance. Educational benefits
Types and manufacturers
References1. ^Alice Morse Earle (editor), Child life in colonial days, New York : The Macmillan Company; London, Macmillan & Co - 1899, pages 182-183 {{DEFAULTSORT:Toy Block}}2. ^Karyn Wellhousen, Judith E. Kieff, A Constructivist Approach to Block Play in Early Childhood, Cengage Learning, 2001, page 4 3. ^Witold Rybczynski, A Journey Through Architecture, 2006{{page needed|date=February 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=New ESO VLT LEGO® Model|url=http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann16013/|accessdate=23 March 2016}} 4 : Construction toys|Educational toys|Traditional toys|Wooden toys |
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