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释义 |
| name = Toyota iQ (AJ10) | image = Toyota iQ 20090621 front.JPG | aka = Scion iQ (US and Canada) Aston Martin Cygnet | manufacturer = Toyota | production = 2008–2015 | assembly = Japan: Toyota, Aichi (Takaoka plant)[1] | predecessor = | successor = Toyota Aygo (Europe) | class = City car | body_style = 3-door hatchback | layout = FF layout | platform = | engine = 1.0 L I3 1.3 L petrol I4 1.4 L diesel I4 | transmission = 5-speed manual, 6-speed manual, CVT Aisin K41 | wheelbase = {{convert|2000|mm|1|abbr=on}} | length = Toyota iQ: {{convert|2985|mm|1|abbr=on}} Scion iQ: {{convert|120.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} | width = {{convert|1680|mm|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1500|mm|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|860|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} | related = | designer = Toyota ED2 Hiroki Nakajima (2006) }} The Toyota iQ is a transverse engined, front-wheel-drive city car that was manufactured by Toyota and marketed in a single generation for Japan (2008–2016), Europe (2008–2015), and North America (2012–2015) where it was marketed as the Scion iQ.[2][3] A rebadged variant was marketed in Europe as the Aston Martin Cygnet (2009–2013). Designed at the Toyota European Design and Development studio in Nice, France, the iQ is noted for its specialized engineering to maximize passenger space, while minimizing exterior length. The design accommodates three passengers—and provisionally a fourth, under very tight conditions. Following a concept presented at the 2007 Frankfurt Auto Show,[4] the production iQ debuted at the March 2008 Geneva Motor Show. Japanese sales began in November 2008 and European sales in January 2009.[5] In 2008, the iQ was named the Japanese Car of the Year. The name iQ, an initialism of the term intelligence quotient, recalls a competitor, the Smart Fortwo. The letters "iQ" also stand for "individuality", "innovation", "quality", a hint at its "cubic form" and also a "cue" for owners to embrace new types of vehicles and lifestyles. The iQ reached the end of production in December 2015, and it was discontinued in Japan on 4 April 2016. OverviewThe IQ design emphasizes low fuel consumption, maneuverability, environmental friendliness, and maximized interior space. Six specific design factors contribute to IQ's minimal overhangs, forward windscreen location, maximized cabin space and overall compactness:
The iQ features a transmissions differential housing located ahead of, rather than behind, the engine; a starter motor incorporated in the engine's flywheel, a high-mounted steering rack and a compact, high-located air conditioning unit behind the dashboard central area. The arrangement allows the front passenger to sit forward of the driver, giving increased rear passenger legroom. A shallow under-floor fuel tank reduces rear overhang.[6] Because of its overall width and engine displacement, the iQ is classified in its home market as a supermini, though its length complies with kei car dimensional regulations. Production of the Scion iQ EV (Toyota eQ in Japan) was to be limited to 100 units for special fleet use in Japan and carsharing demonstration projects in the U.S.[7][8] Deliveries of the all-electric version with a range of {{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}} began in the U.S. in March 2013. AJ10 (KGJ10/NGJ10/NUJ10; 2008–2015)Body styles
The two seat version was only sold in Japan. Body colours
Engines
The 1.0L engine is similar to the engine in Toyota Aygo.[7] The iQ achieves {{convert|65.69|mpgimp|L/100 km mpgus|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} by European standards.[8] UK models include only petrol engines. Early Japan models include only 1.0L three-cylinder engine. 1.33L engine option was added beginning in 2009.[9] The car is capable of fitting 1.6L four-cylinder engine.[10] Models with the 1.33L engine include start and stop system, however, only with the manual transmission. Transmissions
Japan models include only CVT transmission. Technical details
|align=right |year=2009 |overall_stars=5 |description=Toyota iQ 1.0, LHD |reference_code=347 |adult_points=33 |adult_percent=91 |child_points=35 |child_percent=71 |pedestrian_points=19 |pedestrian_percent=54 |safety_points=6 |safety_percent=86 }} SafetyThe iQ includes nine airbags,[12] dual frontal airbags, front seat-mounted side torso airbags, side curtain airbags, front passenger seat cushion airbag, a driver's knee airbag and a newly developed rear curtain airbag to protect backseat passengers' heads from rear-end collisions.[13] Vehicle Stability Control, traction control, anti-lock brakes, brake assist, and electronic brakeforce distribution come standard. In 2013, the UK's Vehicle and Operator Services Agency voted the Toyota iQ as top three-year-old car most likely to pass its first Ministry of Transport road worthiness test.[14] Concept carsFT-EV conceptThe Toyota FT-EV concept was unveiled at the January 2009 North American International Auto Show.[15] It is a battery electric concept vehicle with an estimated capacity of {{convert|50|mi}}. Toyota plans to launch the production version of FT-EV in 2012.[16] A slightly modified version was shown as the FT-EV II at the October 2009 Tokyo Motor Show. iQ Customize Car (2009–)This is a family of Toyota iQ custom body kits in Japanese market.[17] MODELLISTA MAXI includes custom front bumper, side skirt, rear bumper. MODELLISTA MIXTURE includes custom B-pillar shadow, mirror cover, back window panel, side door trim. MODELLISTA MIXTURE side make set only includes custom mirror cover and side door trim. Toyota iQ "GAZOO Racing tuned by MN" (130G, 2009–)This is a limited (100 units) version for Japanese market. It included a {{convert|1329|cc|L cuin}} I4 engine, 6-speed manual transmission, stiffer sport suspension that lowers its ride height by {{convert|30|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, rear disk brakes, RAYS 16x5.5-in aluminium wheels with 175/60R16 tires, enhanced brakes, stiffening brace, tachometer, aluminium pedals, rear spoiler, GRMN emblem and a sport exhaust system.[18][19] The GAZOO Racing package adds a front bumper spoiler, side mudguards, rear bumper spoiler centre muffler, Toyota front fog lamps, original decal, front sport seat covers. The vehicle was unveiled at the January 2009 Tokyo Auto Salon. The GAZOO Racing cars were sold through Toyota's Netz dealer channel.[20] It has MSRP of ¥1,972,000 (¥1,878,095+tax). iQ for Sports/iQ Collection (2009)These are show cars that demonstrate possibilities for customers to personalise their cars. iQ for Sports reflects modern urban chic through a purpose-made body kit emphasizing the iQ's broad stance, powerful geometry and clean sweeping lines. iQ Collection focuses on interior customisation.[21] The vehicles were unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.[22] Scion iQThe Scion iQ Concept car was built by Five Axis (California, USA) based on the Toyota iQ and displayed in April 2009 at the New York Auto Show. Based on the production Toyota iQ, the concept was equipped with a {{convert|94|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|89|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} 1.3-liter, {{convert|1329|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on}} DOHC Inline-4 engine, 18-inch wheels and widened wheel arches, with eleven airbags.[23] The production Scion iQ debuted at the 2010 New York Auto Show and was marketed for model years 2012 to 2015.[24] Toyota sold 15,695 units of the Scion iQ—248 in 2011, 8,879 in 2012, 4,046 in 2013, 2,040 in 2014, and 482 in 2015.[25] GRMN iQ Racing Concept (2011)The GRMN iQ Racing Concept was based on Toyota iQ "GAZOO Racing tuned by MN" car sold in 2009, but was equipped with a supercharger and roll cage. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2011 Tokyo Auto Salon.[26] GRMN iQ Supercharger (2012)It is a limited (100 units) version of Toyota iQ for Japanese market, based on the Toyota iQ 130G MT. It included the supercharger found in the GRMN iQ Racing Concept car. The prototype vehicle was unveiled at the 2012 Tokyo Auto Salon.[27] Scion iQ EV{{see also|Toyota concept vehicles, 2010-2019#iQ EV Prototype|l1=iQ EV Prototype}}A prototype of the Toyota eQ (Scion iQ EV in the US) was exhibited at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show. The Scion iQ EV is the successor to the FT-EV II as an electric vehicle based on the Toyota iQ chassis.[28][29] Toyota produced three generations of FT-EV concept cars, and the iQ EV is a production version of those concepts, incorporating the technological and design strengths of all three models. The exterior of the production version is based on the FT-EV III concept shown at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show.[30] The U.S. launch of the Scion iQ EV was announced for 2012,[31][32] and according to Toyota, for the initial roll-out the iQ EV would not be available to individual consumers, instead the carmaker decided to focus on fleet customers and car sharing programs.[33] The iQ EV was scheduled to be produced at Toyota's Takaoka Plant in Toyota City beginning in August 2012 and the initial production was planned to be limited to 600 units, with 400 staying in Japan, 100 units destined to the U.S. and the other 100 for Europe.[34] In September 2012 Toyota announced that due to customers' concerns about range and charging time, the production of the Scion iQ (Toyota eQ in Japan) will be limited to 100 units for special fleet use in Japan and the U.S. only, of which, 90 will be placed in American carsharing demonstration projects.[35][8] The iQ EV will be priced in the Japanese market at {{yen|3.6 million}} (~{{USD|45,000}}). The iQ EV/eQ was scheduled to be released in both countries in December 2012.[35] The first 30 units were delivered in the U.S. to the University of California, Irvine in March 2013 for use in its Zero Emission Vehicle-Network Enabled Transport (ZEV-NET) carsharing fleet. Since 2002 the ZEV-NET program has been serving the transport needs of the Irvine community with all-electric vehicles for the critical last mile of commutes from the Irvine train station to the UC campus and local business offices.[36] In September 2013, another 30 units were allocated to City Carshare to operate Dash, a three-year pilot carsharing program in Hacienda Business Park, in Pleasanton, California.[37] SpecificationsDesigned as a city commuting vehicle, the iQ EV has a lower battery capacity that also translates into a shorter charging time, allowing the car to be fully recharged in approximately three hours, and using fast charging, the battery can be recharged up to 80% capacity in only 15 minutes. The iQ EV has a 150 cell 12 kWh 277.5 V lithium-ion battery pack that delivers a NEDC-certified range of {{convert|85|km|mi|abbr=on}},[30] and rated {{convert|80|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} in the U.S.[36] Based on further development of Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive technology, the iQ EV's fully electric powertrain comprises an air-cooled, 47 kW electric motor/generator, the 12 kWh battery pack, a 3 kW water-cooled battery charger, an inverter, a DC/DC converter and a motor speed reduction mechanism. Maximum torque of {{Convert|163|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} is delivered to the front wheels, giving the iQ EV 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration of 14.0 seconds and a maximum speed of {{convert|125|kph|abbr=on}}. Like other Toyota full hybrid vehicles, the iQ EV is equipped with a regenerative braking system.[30] The iQ EV has a minimum turning radius of just {{convert|4.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} and with a length of {{convert|3120|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, making the iQ EV {{convert|135|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} longer than a standard iQ. The electric car shares the iQ overall width of {{convert|1680|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, height of {{convert|1505|mm|in|abbr=on}} and wheelbase of {{convert|2000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. High tensile sheet steel has been extensively used in the body shell construction to minimize the additional weight caused by the lithium-ion battery pack, and as a result, the iQ EV weighs just {{convert|125|kg|lb|abbr=on}} more than a standard 1.3L CVT iQ.[30] Fuel economyThe U. S. Environmental Protection Agency rated the 2013 iQ EV with a combined fuel economy of 121 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPG-e) ({{convert|121|mpgus|L/100 km|abbr=on|disp=out|1}}) with an energy consumption of 28 kW-hrs/100 miles. The city rating is 138 MPG-e ({{convert|138|mpgus|L/100 km|abbr=on|disp=out|1}}) with an energy consumption of 24 kW-hrs/100 miles and 105 MPG-e ({{convert|105|mpgus|L/100 km|abbr=on|disp=out|1}}) with an energy consumption of 32 kW-hrs/100 miles for highway driving.[38] {{As of|2014|12}}, these ratings allow the 2013 iQ EV to be the second most fuel efficient EPA-certified vehicle of all fuel types considered in all years behind the BMW i3.[39][40] The iQ EV was ranked first in DOE-EPA's 2013 Annual Fuel Economy Guide.[41]Aston Martin CygnetThe Aston Martin Cygnet is a rebadged variant of the Toyota/Scion iQ marketed by Aston Martin beginning with model year 2011—enabling Aston Martin to comply with the 2012 European Union-imposed fleet average emissions regulations.[42][43] The Cygnet was initially only marketed in the UK. Sales commenced in January 2011 and the market coverage was expanded to cover other European countries the following year.[44] Sales were not restricted, but demand from existing Aston Martin owners for Cygnet was expected to take priority initially. Aston Martin CEO Ulrich Bez announced shipping expectations of about 4000 per year at a price of about £30,000[45] – about three times as much as the iQ.[46] Bez claimed that the Cygnet demonstrated the company's "commitment to innovation and integrity", whilst respecting the need to "satisfy demands of emissions and space".[47] The Cygnet featured revisions to the exterior and interior but shared other specifications with the iQ, having a {{convert|97|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} 1.3L inline-four engine,[48] it produced 110 g of {{CO2}}/km and fuel consumption of {{convert|58.9|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}}.[49] In September 2013, after just over two years of production, Aston Martin announced that it would stop production of their Cygnet city car. The Cygnet has been the second shortest running production car in the history of Aston Martin after the 2012 Aston Martin Virage, which was only produced for a year.[50] The Cygnet was cancelled due to disastrously low sales, with the car reaching only 150 units in the UK[51] (approximately 300 in total{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}) rather than its annual target of 4000.[51] In June 2018 Aston Martin announced a one-off 4.7-litre {{cvt|430|bhp|kW|0|order=flip}} V8 edition for a customer. It uses the engine, transmission, suspension, brakes and wheels from the Aston Martin Vantage S. New subframes and wheel arches were made to combine the body and mechanicals.[52][53] {{clear}}References{{refbegin}}
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http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/PowerSearch.do?action=PowerSearch&year1=1984&year2=2015&rdomsrp01=85000_0&minmsrpsel=0&maxmsrpsel=0&cbvtelectric=Electric&city=0&combined=0&highway=0&mpgType=0&minMPGSel=&maxMPGSel=&YearSel=1984-2015&MakeSel=&MarClassSel=&FuelTypeSel=&VehTypeSel=Electric&TranySel=&DriveTypeSel=&CylindersSel=&MpgSel=000&sortBy=Comb&Units=&url=SearchServlet&opt=new&minmsrp=0&maxmsrp=0&minmpg=0&maxmpg=0&rowLimit=10 | title = List of electric vehicles by EPA Fuel Economy | accessdate = 2014-12-06 | publisher = fueleconomy.gov}} 41. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.plugincars.com/2013-doe-epa-fuel-economy-guide-includes-14-plug-models-125621.html | title = 2013 DOE-EPA Fuel Economy Guide Includes 14 Plug-in Models | author = Brad Berman | publisher = PluginCars.com | date = 2012-12-07 | accessdate = 2012-12-15}} 42. ^{{cite web | url = http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/transport/co2/co2_home.htm | title = EU 2012 emission rules | work = European Commission | accessdate = 2010-10-14 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100724003430/http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/transport/co2/co2_home.htm | archivedate = 2010-07-24 | df = }} 43. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.topgear.com/uk/car-news/aston-martin-cygnet-toyota-iq-2011-01-20 | title = Aston's iQ to cost £31k – BBC Top Gear | work = Top Gear | date = 2011-01-20 | accessdate = 2012-01-05}} 44. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.astonmartin.com/eng/thecompany/news?a=87baae1a-a4cd-4483-bdc4-86f103dd2931 | title = Aston Martin Cygnet Launch Editions; White and Black | accessdate = 2011-01-22 | publisher = Aston Martin}} 45. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.autocar.co.uk/News/NewsArticle/AllCars/247522/ | title = Aston shares to fund new cars | work = Autocar | accessdate = 2010-02-14}} 46. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.evo.co.uk/news/evonews/262507/aston_martin_cygnet_launch_editions.html | title = Aston Martin Cygnet supermini launch editions | publisher = evo | date = 2011-01-20 | accessdate = 2012-01-05}} 47. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.autotalk.com/aston-martin-cygnet-confirmed-for-production-6743/ | title = Aston Martin Cygnet Confirmed for Production | Aston Martin at AutoTalk | publisher = Autotalk.com | date = 2010-10-11 | accessdate = 2012-01-05}} 48. ^{{Cite web | url = http://www.astonmartin.com/cars/cygnet/specs | title = Specifications | accessdate = 2012-01-05 | work = astonmartin.com/cars}} 49. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.4wheelsnews.com/aston-martin-cygnet-full-details-and-specs/ | title = Aston Martin Cygnet details | work = 4 Wheels News | accessdate = 2010-10-14}} 50. ^{{cite news | url = http://thesupercarkids.com/aston-martin-ends-production-cygnet-city-car | title = Aston Martin Ends Production Cygnet City Car | work = The Supercar Kids | date = 2013-09-27 | accessdate = 2013-11-14}} 51. ^1 {{cite news | title = Aston Martin to end production of Cygnet small car | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-24455948 | work = BBC News: Business | date = 2013-10-09 | accessdate = 2014-01-05}} 52. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/aston-martin/the-insane-aston-martin-cygnet-v8-is-a-123-inch-car-with-a-v8-ar181806.html |title=The Insane Aston Martin Cygnet V8 Is A 123 Inch Car With A V8 |first=Safet |last=Satara |work=Top Speed |location=UK |date=2018-07-12 |access-date=2018-07-17}} 53. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/motoring/aston-martin-s-one-off-tiny-terror-the-v8-cygnet-in-pictures-1.749802 |title=Aston Martin's one-off tiny terror the V8 Cygnet |first=Adam |last=Workman |work=The National |location=United Arab Emirates |date=2018-07-13 |access-date=2018-07-17}} External links{{Commons category multi|Toyota iQ|Scion iQ|Aston Martin Cygnet}}
8 : Toyota vehicles|Green vehicles|Front-wheel-drive vehicles|Cars introduced in 2008|City cars|Electric cars|2000s cars|2010s cars |
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开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。