| 词条 | To‘rtko‘l |
| 释义 |
| official_name = To‘rtko‘l | native_name = {{native name|kaa|Tórtkúl/Төрткүл}} {{native name|uz|To‘rtko‘l/Тўрткўл}} {{native name|ru|Турткуль}} | image_skyline ={{Photomontage | photo1a = Город Турткуль. Мечеть.jpg | photo2a = Здание Администрации района.jpg | photo2b = Город Турткуль. Гастроном.JPG | photo3a = | photo3c = | photo4a = | photo4c = | size = 280 | spacing = 2 | color = transparent | border = 0 }} | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Uzbekistan | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uzbekistan | coordinates = {{coord|41|33|N|61|00|E|region:UZ_type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Uzbekistan}} | subdivision_type1 = Autonomous Republic | subdivision_name1 = Karakalpakstan | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = To‘rtko‘l District | established_title = | established_date = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_magnitude = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2004 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 50 800 | population_urban = | population_metro = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_km2 = | timezone = | utc_offset = | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 85 | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = 231200, 231201, 231202, 231203, 231204[1] | area_code = | website = | footnotes = }} To‘rtko‘l ({{lang-uz|To‘rtko‘l/Тўрткўл}}; {{lang-kaa|Tórtkúl/Төрткүл}}, also spelled as Turtkul ({{lang-rus|Турткуль}}), is a city in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan and the administrative center of the To‘rtko‘l District. HistoryThe city was founded as a Russian garrison after the Khivan campaign of 1873 and before 1920 was known as Petroaleksandrovsk ({{lang-ru|Петро-Александровск}}). It was then a major jewelry producing center of Uzbekistan,[2] and was equipped with telegraph in 1913 and with a radio station in 1922; the station began regular translations in 1930.[3] In 1932, the city was renamed to Turtkul (from Turkish törktkül meaning square[4]) and between 1932 and 1939 was the capital of the newly formed autonomous republic of Karakalpakstan. The city was standing nearby a major Amu Darya River, which is known for significantly altering its flow path several times in its history. In 1932, Amu Darya once more changed its terrain and flooded Turtkul. This and past damage by Amu Darya urged the authorities to move the capital of Karakalpakstal over 170 km to Nukus in 1939.[5][6] The river banks were reinforced, stopping further flooding. However, in 1942 the river suddenly moved on Turtkul destroying it overnight.[7][8] Consequently, in 1949 Turtkul had been relocated.[5] ClimateTo‘rtko‘l has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk). The climate is continental, arid and hot. The coldest month is January with the average temperature of {{convert|-25|°C|°F|abbr=on}} and the hottest month is July with an average temperature of {{convert|45|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. The annual average is {{convert|12.4|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. Annual precipitation is 97 mm; it is the highest in March at about 20 mm and is nearly zero between July and September.[9][10] The evaporation exceeds precipitation on average by 36 times and sometimes up to 270 times.[11] EconomyThe city has a cotton processing factory, a reinforced concrete plant, an asphalt plant and an external section of Nukus Medical School. Its population was 22,000 in 1975 [5] and 38,200 in 1991. Notable residents
References1. ^Узбекистан: Справочник Турткуль и Турткульский район {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913121503/http://www.spr.uz/turtkul-i-turtkulskiy-rayon/ |date=2010-09-13 }} 2. ^Chahryar Adle et al. (2005) [https://books.google.com/books?id=XPfcfF8LRWQC&pg=PA632 History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period : from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century], Volume 6 of History of Civilizations of Central Asia, UNESCO {{ISBN|92-3-103985-7}}, p. 632 3. ^History of communication in Uzbekistan{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }} 4. ^Bertold Spuler, F.R.C Bagley [https://books.google.com/books?id=VNgUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA151 The Muslim world : a historical survey, Part 4], {{ISBN|90-04-06196-7}} p. 151 5. ^1 2 Турткуль, Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian) 6. ^Нукус, Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian) 7. ^{{cite book|author=V. A. Mezentsev|url=http://n-t.ru/ri/mz/on13.htm|title=Энциклопедия чудес. Vol. 1. Обычное в необычном (Encyclopedia of wonders. Usual within unusual)|language=Russian |location=Moscow|publisher=Znanie|year= 1988}} 8. ^{{cite journal|author=A.B. Avakyan, M. H. Istomina|journal=ЭНЕРГИЯ|volume=4 |url=http://library.by/portalus/modules/ecology/referat_readme.php?subaction=showfull&id=1096469072&archive=&start_from=&ucat=7&|title=Природные причины наводнений (Natural causes of floods)|language=Russian |year= 2001}} 9. ^Maria Shahgedanova (2002) [https://books.google.com/books?id=nktRbXbm9ykC&pg=PA269 The physical geography of northern Eurasia], Volume 3 of Oxford regional environments, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-823384-1}} p. 269 10. ^Robert E. Gabler et al. (2008) [https://books.google.com/books?id=VkVqmi0MO1IC&pg=PA246 Physical Geography], {{ISBN|0-495-55506-1}} p. 246 11. ^Kenneth Walton (2007) [https://books.google.com/books?id=kJKPCaKFi_4C&pg=PA37 The Arid Zones], Transaction Publishers, {{ISBN|0-202-30928-2}}, p. 37 {{Cities in Uzbekistan}}{{Karakalpakstan}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tortkol}} 2 : Populated places in Karakalpakstan|Syr-Darya Oblast |
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