| 词条 | Trams in Pyongyang |
| 释义 |
| name = Pyongyang Tram | image = Tram North Korea PY 3.jpg | imagesize = 300px | alt = | caption = Older Tatra T6B5 vehicles on tram line 1 | area served = | locale = {{Flagicon|North Korea}} Pyongyang | transit_type = Tram | website = | began_operation = 1989 | ended_operation = | system_length = 53.5 km (33 mi) | lines = 4 | line_number = 1, 2, 3, Kumsusan | vehicles = | start = | end = | stations = | ridership = | weekly_ridership = | annual_ridership = | chief_executive = | character = At-grade | train_length = 1-2 bi-articulated vehicles | track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}} {{RailGauge|1000mm}} | el = Overhead DC 600 V, 20 A; up to 200 A during acceleration | average_speed = {{convert|30|kph}} | top_speed = {{convert|60|kph}} | marks = | operator = Transport and Communication Commission | owner = | map = | map_state = | map_name = Map of Pyongyang Metro and Tram }}{{Infobox Korean name|title=Pyongyang Tram|context=north|tablewidth=260| hangul=평양 궤도전차|hanja=平壤 軌道電車|mr=P'yŏngyang kwedojŏnch'a|rr=Pyeongyang gwedojeoncha}} Pyongyang Tram is a public tram system in Pyongyang, the capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). The first line of the current system opened in 1989. There are currently four lines in operation. OverviewBefore the Korean War from 1950 to 1953, there were three tramway systems in the entire Korean Peninsula: one each in Seoul, Busan and Pyongyang. However, the system in Pyongyang was discontinued after the war, largely due to the significant destruction of the city by US/UN bombing attacks. The remaining two in Seoul and Busan survived the war but were eventually discontinued too when motorcars became more common and a larger means of transport in South Korea in 1968, thus leaving no tramway networks on the peninsula.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} Unlike South Korea, personal ownership of automobiles in North Korea is very rare. North Koreans, especially those living in Pyongyang and other major cities, rely mainly on government-run public transport. Also, as the limited oil supply imported into the country is mostly allocated to its military (especially exemplified under Kim Jong-il's Songun (Military-First) policy), private vehicle ownership is virtually non-existent. In Pyongyang, there are electrically-powered trolleybuses (the Pyongyang trolleybus system) and subways (the Pyongyang Metro), with these two serving as its main forms of public transport. However, as trolleybus lines became gradually overcrowded, the city decided to re-open tram-lines. The first line was finally built and opened in 1989.[1] In the late 1990s, the city had frequent power outages due to decrepit power stations and the lack of resources. The tram lines also suffered from outages, but the situation has improved in recent years. In 2003, however, the section of Line 1 between P'yŏngyang-yŏk and Songsin was closed, as the bridge over Taedong River started to decay.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} In 2008, the City Transportation Company of Prague sold 20 used T3s to Pyongyang Public Transportation Enterprise together with a shipment of tram-rails. These trams were made in the late 1970s and the early 1980s. According to Ondřej Pečený, a spokesman for the City Transportation Company of Prague, these trams are in very good condition, and can run for at least two years without the need of a service. The tram cars were made by Tatra, a Czechoslovak company, during that nation's socialist era. Various types are used, but there are currently no low-floor tram cars.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} Foreign tourists were previously not permitted to ride the tram lines, but some recent tours have started to include tramway rides (though rides are not shared with locals and are instead chartered, unlike the Pyongyang Metro).[1] LinesThere are currently four lines in operation.
As of 2006, the fare is ₩5 for any section. There are also coupon tickets ({{lang|ko|시내 차표; 市內車票}}; sinae ch'ap'yo).{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} Rolling stockIn August 2018, new partially domestically-produced tram cars were introduced in Pyongyang for the first time in decades.[2] These new cars follow the introduction of new trolleybuses and metro cars. The cars were recently put to use along the Kwangbok (Liberation) Street line and connect to Pyongyang Station. It is unclear how many new cars have been added to the line. The new domestically-produced tram vehicles add LED destination displays but do not appear to include air-conditioning. The trams were manufactured by Pyongyang's Bus Repair Factory under the domestic brand Songsan, assembled mostly, but not entirely, with domestic parts.[1] Before the introduction of new rolling stock, the only rolling stock used was Czechoslovakian ČKD Praha Tatra T6B5 and KT8D5K in typical red/white livery.[1] The Kŭmsusan line uses VBZ Be 4/4 Type Ib rolling stock on a different gauge of 1,000 mm, rather than 1,435 mm for lines 1-3. See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=https://nknews.org/2018/07/new-tram-cars-appear-on-pyongyangs-liberation-street-line/|title=New tram cars appear on Pyongyang's Liberation Street line {{!}} NK News - North Korea News|date=2018-07-31|work=NK News - North Korea News|access-date=2018-09-14|language=en-US}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sogwang.com/kp/post/5b72ad10cabe6413f841764a|title=개발창조형의 궤도전차 생산|last=|first=|date=2018-08-14|website=Sogwang|language=ko|trans-title=Domestic creation of tramcar production|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-09-14}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Trams in Pyongyang}}
4 : Transport in Pyongyang|Tram transport in North Korea|Metre gauge railways in North Korea|Town tramway systems by city |
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