“Transportation in St. Louis”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Transportation in St. Louis, Missouri includes road, rail, ship, and air transportation modes connecting the city of St. Louis with surrounding communities in Greater St. Louis, national transportation networks, and international locations. The city of St. Louis also supports a public transportation network that includes bus and light rail service.

Roads and highways

The city of St. Louis contains five interstate highways that connect to a larger regional highway system. Interstate 70, an east-west highway, runs roughly from the northwest corner of the city to downtown St. Louis. The north-south Interstate 55 enters the city at the south near the Carondelet neighborhood and runs toward the center of the city, and both Interstate 64 and Interstate 44 enter the city on the west, running parallel to the east. Additionally, Interstate 270 crosses the extreme northern portion of the city before crossing the Mississippi River on the Chain of Rocks Bridge. Two of the five interstates (Interstates 55 and 64) merge south of Gateway Arch National Park and leave the city on the Poplar Street Bridge into Illinois, while Interstate 70 crosses into Illinois via the newly built Stan Musial Veterans Memorial Bridge north of downtown. Interstate 44 terminates at Interstate 70 on the western end of the Stan Musial Bridge.

The city of St. Louis also has several major roadways, including the north-south Memorial Drive, located on the western edge of Gateway Arch National Park and parallel to Interstate 44, the north-south streets of Grand Boulevard and Jefferson Avenue, both of which run the length of the city, and Gravois Road, which runs from the southeastern portion of the city to downtown and used to be signed as U.S. Route 66. An east-west roadway that connects the city with surrounding communities is Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, which carries traffic from the western edge of the city to downtown.

Mass transit

Bus service

Local bus service in the city of St. Louis is provided by the Bi-State Development Agency via MetroBus, with more than 75 routes connecting to MetroLink commuter rail transit and stops in the city and region. The city is also served by Madison County Transit, which connects downtown St. Louis to Madison County, Illinois. National bus service in the city is offered by Greyhound Lines and Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach, with a station at the Gateway Multimodal Transportation Station, and Megabus, with a stop at St. Louis Union Station.

Subway / Light rail

Light rail service in the city of St. Louis consists of two lines operating on double track servicing the same stations in the city, although branching to different destinations outside the city. Both lines enter the city north of Forest Park on the western edge of the city or on the Eads Bridge in downtown St. Louis to Illinois. All of the system track is in independent right of way, with both surface level and underground subways track in the city. All stations are independent entry, while all platforms are flush-level with trains. Rail service is provided by the Bi-State Development Agency (also known as Metro), which is funded by a sales taxes levied in the city and other counties in the region.^[1] The Gateway Multimodal Transportation Center acts as the hub station in the city of St. Louis, linking the city's light rail system, local bus system, passenger rail service, and national bus service.

River transport

Airports

St. Louis Lambert International Airport, owned and operated by the City of St. Louis, is 11 miles northwest of downtown along I-70 between I-170 and I-270 in St. Louis County. It is the largest and busiest airport in the state. In 2011, the airport saw 255 daily departures to about 90 domestic and international locations and a total of nearly 13,000,000 passengers.^[4] The airport serves as a focus city for Southwest Airlines and was a former hub for Trans World Airlines and former focus-city for American Airlines and AmericanConnection.^[5] Air cargo transportation is available at St. Louis Lambert International Airport and at other nearby regional airports, including MidAmerica St. Louis Airport, Spirit of St. Louis Airport, and St. Louis Downtown Airport.

Railroad service

Passenger

Freight

St. Louis is the nation's third-largest rail hub, moving everything from grain, gravel, crushed stone, prepared foodstuffs, fats, oils, nonmetallic mineral products, alcohol and tobacco products, to motorized vehicles and parts.^[7] Freight rail service in St. Louis is provided on tracks owned by Union Pacific, Norfolk Southern, Foster Townsend Rail Logistics - formerly Manufacturers Railway (St. Louis), Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis, and the BNSF Railway. The Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis (reporting marks: TRRA) is a switching and terminal railroad jointly owned by all the major rail carriers in St. Louis. The company operates 30 diesel-electric locomotives to move railcars around the classification yards, deliver railcars to local industries, and ready trains for departure.^[8] The TRRA processes and dispatches a significant portion of railroad traffic in the metropolitan area and owns and operates a network of rail bridges and tunnels including the MacArthur Bridge (St. Louis) and the Merchants Bridge.^[9] This infrastructure is also used by commuter rail and long-distance passenger trains serving St. Louis.

Taxicab service

Taxicab service in the city is provided by private companies regulated by the Metropolitan Taxicab Commission. Rates vary by vehicle type, size, passengers and distance, and by regulation all taxicab fares must be calculated using a taximeter and be payable in cash or credit card.^[12] Solicitation by a driver is prohibited, although a taxicab may be hailed on the street or at a stand.

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metrostlouis.org/InsideMetro/QuickFacts/metrolink.asp |title=Metro - Inside MetroLink |publisher=Metro |accessdate=2008-10-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911065930/http://www.metrostlouis.org/InsideMetro/QuickFacts/metrolink.asp |archivedate=2008-09-11 |df= }}
2. ^https://stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/sldc/slpa/
3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.missouriports.org/stlouis.html|title=City of St. Louis Port Authority|publisher=|author=|date=|page=|location=|isbn=|accessdate=2013-09-30|archivedate=2007-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927043345/http://www.missouriports.org/stlouis.html|deadurl=No}}
4. ^http://www.flystl.com
5. ^http://www.flystl.com
6. ^amtrak.com
7. ^http://www.missourieconomy.org/pdfs/rail.pdf
8. ^http://www.terminalrailroad.com/About/TRRAHistory.aspx
9. ^http://www.terminalrailroad.com
10. ^http://www.nscorp.com/nscintermodal/Intermodal/System_Info/Terminals/stlouis.html
11. ^http://sa-jib.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/BNSF_OR.73142452.pdf
12. ^