| 词条 | Travel website |
| 释义 |
A travel website is a website on the world wide web that is dedicated to travel. The site may be focused on travel reviews, trip fares, or a combination of both. Approximately 587.3 million consumers are expected to book travel plans online in 2018.[1] TraveloguesMany travel websites are online travelogues or travel journals, usually created by individual travelers and hosted by companies that generally provide their information to consumers for free.[2] These companies generate revenue through advertising or by providing services to other businesses. This medium produces a wide variety of styles, often incorporating graphics, photography, maps, and other unique content. Some examples of websites that use a combination of travel reviews and the booking of travel are TripAdvisor, Priceline, Liberty Holidays, and Expedia. Service providersIndividual airlines, hotels, bed and breakfasts, cruise lines, automobile rental companies, and other travel-related service providers often maintain their own web sites providing retail sales. Many with complex offerings include some sort of search engine technology to look for bookings within a certain timeframe, service class, geographic location, or price range. Online travel agenciesAn online travel agency (OTA) specializes in offering planning sources and booking capabilities.[3] Major OTAs include:
Fare aggregators and metasearch enginesThe average consumer visits 3.6 sites when shopping for an airline ticket online, according to PhoCusWright, a Sherman, CT-based travel technology firm.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} Yahoo claims 76% of all online travel purchases are preceded by some sort of search function, according to Malcolmson, director of product development for Yahoo Travel.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} The 2004 Travel Consumer Survey published by Jupiter Research reported that "nearly two in five online travel consumers say they believe that no one site has the lowest rates or fares."{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}} Thus a niche has existed for aggregate travel search to find the lowest rates from multiple travel sites, obviating the need for consumers to cross-shop from site to site, with traveling searching occurring quite frequently.[13] Metasearch engines are so named as they conduct searches across multiple independent search engines. Metasearch engines often make use of "screen scraping" to get live availability of flights. Screen scraping is a way of crawling through the airline websites, getting content from those sites by extracting data from the same HTML feed used by consumers for browsing (rather than using a Semantic Web or database feed designed to be machine-readable). Metasearch engines usually process incoming data to eliminate duplicate entries, but may not expose "advanced search" options in the underlying databases (because not all databases support the same options).{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} Fare aggregators redirect the users to an airline, cruise, hotel, or car rental site or Online Travel Agent for the final purchase of a ticket. Aggregators' business models include getting feeds from major OTAs, then displaying to the users all of the results on one screen. The OTA then fulfills the ticket. Aggregators generate revenues through advertising and charging OTAs for referring clients.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} Examples of aggregate sites are Bravofly,[14] TourScanner,[15] Cheapflights, Priceline, Expedia, Reservations.com, Kayak.com, Momondo, LowEndTicket, FareBuzz and CheapOair.[16] According to [https://www.reviews.com/ Reviews.com], the best travel sites as at 30 August 2018 are Booking.com, Expedia, Kayak and [https://www.hipmunk.com/ Hipmunk].[17] Kayak.com is unusual in linking to online travel agencies and hotel web sites alike, allowing the customer to choose whether to book directly on the hotel web site or through an online travel agency. Google Hotel Finder is an experiment that allows users to find hotel prices with Google, however it does not offer to book hotels, merely compares rates.[18] The difference between a "fare aggregator" and "metasearch engine" is unclear, though different terms may imply different levels of cooperation between the companies involved. In 2008, Ryanair threatened to cancel all bookings made on Ryanair flights made through metasearch engines, but later allowed the sites to operate as long as they did not resell tickets or overload Ryanair's servers.[19] In 2015, Lufthansa Group (including Lufthansa, Austrian Airlines, Brussels Airlines and Swiss) announced adding surcharge for flights booked on other sites.[20] Bargain sitesTravel bargain websites collect and publish bargain rates by advising consumers where to find them online (sometimes but not always through a direct link). Rather than providing detailed search tools, these sites generally focus on offering advertised specials, such as last-minute sales from travel suppliers eager to deplete unused inventory; therefore, these sites often work best for consumers who are flexible about destinations and other key itinerary components. Travel and tourism guidesMany websites take the form of a digital version of a traditional guide book, aiming to provide advice on which destinations, attractions, accommodations, and so on, are worth a visit and providing information on how to access them. Most states, provinces and countries have their own convention and visitor bureaus, which usually sponsor a website dedicated to promoting tourism in their respective regions. Cities that rely on tourism also operate websites promoting their destinations, such as VEGAS.com for Las Vegas, Nevada. Student travel agenciesSome travel websites cater specifically to the college student audience and list exclusive airfare deals and travel products. Significant sites in this area include StudentUniverse and STA Travel. Social travel websiteA social travel website is a type of travel website that will look at where the user is going and pair them with other places they want to go based on where other people have gone.[21] CouchsurfingCouchsurfing is a type of travel that allows travelers to stay at a local's home during trips.[22] Finding hosts and visitors happens online, either through the CouchSurfing website or app. Hosts are not allowed to charge couchsurfers for lodging, providing travelers with a low-cost housing option during trips.[23] See also{{Wikiversity|School:Tourism|at=Internet entrepreneur#Agenda 21 compliant online travel agency}}
References1. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.statista.com/outlook/262/100/online-travel-booking/worldwide| title=Online Travel Booking| publisher=Statista}} {{Commercial air travel}}{{Tourism}}{{Travel ticket search engines}}2. ^{{cite web|author=Deatherage, Bill|title= Travel-related Services-Competitive Advantage through the Internet|url=http://www.carhirecomparison.ie/travel-related-services-competitive-advantage-through-the-internet/|work=Amos Tuck School of Business Administration|publisher=Dartmouth College|date=7 March 1997|accessdate=30 September 2009}} 3. ^{{cite web |title= About Expedia.com|url= http://www.expedia.com/daily/press_room/default.asp|year=2009|publisher=Expedia|accessdate=20 September 2009}} 4. ^{{cite web|title= Priceline.com Reports Financial Results for 4th Quarter and Full-Year 2008|url= http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=72780&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1257774&highlight=|work=Priceline.com|publisher=Business Wire|date=18 February 2009|accessdate=11 October 2009}} 5. ^{{cite web |page= 16|title= Expedia, Inc. Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2008 Results|url= http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/19/190013/Expedia%20Q4%202008%20Release.pdf|publisher= Expedia, Inc|date=19 February 2009|accessdate=11 October 2009}} 6. ^{{cite web|title= 2009 Letter to Shareholders|url= http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9MTY5NXxDaGlsZElEPS0xfFR5cGU9Mw==&t=1|publisher=Orbitz Worldwide|date=22 April 2009|accessdate=11 October 2009}} 7. ^{{cite web|page=4|title=TSG – Sabre Holdings 2008 Earnings Conference Call|url=http://www.sabre-holdings.com/investor/financial/pdfs/Sabre_Earnings_Call_Transcript.4Q08.pdf|work=Thomson StreetEvents|publisher=Thomson Financial|date=5 March 2009|accessdate=11 October 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101081329/http://sabre-holdings.com/investor/financial/pdfs/Sabre_Earnings_Call_Transcript.4Q08.pdf|archivedate=1 January 2010|df=}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Opodo 2008 Results Announcement|url= http://www.opodo.co.uk/opodo/StrutsServlet/DisplayNewsStory?pageName=pressroom&OID=29112571|publisher=Opodo|year= 2009|accessdate=11 October 2009}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Bangkok lo más elegido este verano 2015 para los españoles 'viajeros'|url=http://www.eldigitaldeasturias.com/noticias/bangkok-lo-mas-elegido-este-verano-2015-para-los-espanoles-viajeros/|website=El Digital de Asturias|date=13 June 2015|accessdate=28 July 2015|language=es}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/internet/0,39020774,39386784,00.htm|title=Voyages-SNCF.com dépasse 2 milliards d'euros de revenus en 2008|date=27 January 2009|language=French|publisher=ZDNet France|accessdate=11 October 2009}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://investor.webjet.com.au/site/files/22%20Commentary%20final%20results(1).pdf|title=Webjet Annual Results 2012|publisher=Webjet|date=9 August 2012|accessdate=24 June 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wotifgroup.com/images/financials/fy12_wtf_annual_report.pdf|title=Wotif Annual Report 2012|publisher=Wotif.com|date=1 August 2012|accessdate=24 June 2013}} 13. ^Jansen, B. J., Spink, A., and Ciamacca, C. (2008) "[https://faculty.ist.psu.edu/jjansen/academic/jansen_travel_searching.pdf An analysis of travel information searching on the Web]", Journal of Information Technology and Tourism. 10(2), 101-118. 14. ^Bravofly 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://tourscanner.co|title=TourScanner - Compare Tours, Attractions & Activities|last=TourScanner|website=tourscanner.co|language=en|access-date=2018-10-15}} 16. ^{{cite book|title=The complete idiot's guide to planning a trip online|last=Cardis|first=Julia A.|last2=Smith|first2=Kendall|publisher=Que|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7897-2168-6|page=115}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.reviews.com/travel-sites/airfare/|title=The Best Travel Sites|last=|first=|date=30 August 2018|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=17 September 2018}} 18. ^https://www.google.com/hotelfinder 19. ^{{cite web | date=2008-09-02 | title=Ryanair offers meta search engines an olive branch | publisher=Eyefortravel.com | url=http://www.travolution.co.uk/articles/2008/09/02/1680/ryanair-offers-meta-search-engines-an-olive-branch.html}} 20. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-32990724|title=Lufthansa makes flight booking sites add fee|last=Kelion|first=Leo|date=3 June 2015|work=BBC News>Technology.|access-date=17 September 2018}} 21. ^{{cite web|last1=Buist|first1=Erica|title=How social media is changing the way we travel |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2014/nov/01/how-social-media-is-changing-the-way-we-travel|website=theguardian.com|publisher=theguardian.com|accessdate=May 6, 2015}} 22. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/destinations/case-couchsurfing-india/| title=THE CASE FOR COUCHSURFING: WHAT, HOW AND WHY| author=Bhavika Govil| date=July 29, 2018| publisher=Outlook Traveler}} 23. ^{{cite web| url=https://support.couchsurfing.org/hc/en-us/articles/200639420-I-heard-of-someone-charging-for-a-couch-Is-that-OK-| title=I heard of someone charging for a couch. Is that OK?| publisher=Couchsurfing}} 5 : Travel websites|Airline tickets|Domain-specific search engines|E-commerce|Internet search engines |
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