| 词条 | Treaty of Bardo |
| 释义 |
The Treaty of Bardo ({{lang-fr | Traité du Bardo}} or Treaty of Qsar es-S'id, Treaty of Ksar Said) was signed on 12 May 1881 between representatives of the French Republic and Tunisian bey Muhammed as-Sadiq. A raid on Algeria by the Tunisian Kroumer tribe had served as a pretext for French armed forces to invade Tunisia in April 1881. Jules Ferry, the French foreign minister, managed to send a French expeditionary force of approximately 36,000 troops to defeat the Kroumer tribe. The French met little resistance from either the Kroumer tribe or from as-Sadiq. Eventually, the French withdrew their forces after signing the treaty. However, the terms of the agreement gave France responsibility for the defence and foreign-policy decisions of Tunisia. The military occupation was stated to be temporary; nevertheless Tunis became a French protectorate[1] from 12 May 1881. The name of the treaty originated with the site of the residence of the Tunis court, Le Bardo, where the Husainid beys had established themselves in the early-18th century. References1. ^{{cite book | editor1-first= Peter N. |editor1-last= Stearns | title= The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MziRd4ddZz4C&hl | edition= 6 |year= 2001 | publisher= Houghton Mifflin Harcourt | isbn= 0-395-65237-5 |page= 473 | quote= Treaty of Bardo, establishing a French protectorate over Tunis. This went back to the assurances of Salisbury and Bismarck during the Congress of Berlin, but the French government had not acted because of the indifference of French public opinion in matters of colonial expansion and because of distrust of Bismarck's motives. The question was precipitated by the activity of the Italians, determined to make good their failure to secure gains at the Berlin Congress at Austria's expense. The affair initiated a long period of Franco-Italian tension and modified the Mediterranean situation to Britain's disadvantage. Gladstone protested, but the British government was committed by Salisbury's assurances.}} Sources
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6 : 19th century in Tunisia|1881 in France|1881 treaties|Treaties of the French Third Republic|Treaties of Tunisia|France–Tunisia relations |
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