| 词条 | Tree weta |
| 释义 |
|name=Tree wētā |image=Male tree weta-orig.jpg |image_caption=Male Wellington tree wētā, Hemideina crassidens |taxon=Hemideina |authority= |subdivision_ranks=Species |subdivision=See text. }}Tree weta are wētā in the genus Hemideina of the family Anostostomatidae. The genus is endemic to New Zealand.[1] There are seven species within the genus Hemideina, found throughout the country except lowland Otago and Southland.[2] Because many tree wētā species are common and widespread they have been used extensively in studies of ecology[3] and evolution.[4] HabitatTree wētā are commonly encountered in forests and suburban gardens throughout most of New Zealand. They are up to 40 mm long and most commonly live in holes in trees formed by beetle and moth larvae or where rot has set in after a twig has broken off. The hole, called a gallery, is maintained by the wētā and any growth of the bark surrounding the opening is chewed away. They readily occupy a preformed gallery in a piece of wood (a "wētā motel") and can be kept in a suburban garden as pets. A gallery might house a harem of up to 10 adult females and one male.[5] BehaviourTree wētā are nocturnal and arboreal, hiding in hollow tree branches during the day and feeding at night.[6] Their diet consists of leaves, flowers, fruit and small insects.[7][8] Males have larger heads and stronger jaws than females, though both sexes will stridulate and bite when threatened.[9] SpeciesThe seven species of tree wētā are:
Also known as tokoriro; found throughout the North Island apart from the Wellington-Wairarapa region. Within this range are seven chromosome races.
Hawke's Bay.
Wellington, the Wairarapa, the northern part of the South Island, and the West Coast. They have been the subject of studies of coevolution,[11][12] sexual selection,[13] hybridisation[14] and range shifts[4].
Marlborough and Canterbury.
The drier areas of the central South Island high country, living above the treeline. This species abandoned life in the forest millions of years ago in favour of crevices and cavities under rocks.[15]
A rare species only found on Banks Peninsula.
Overlaps with the Wellington tree wētā in Nelson and the northern West Coast. The North Island tree wētā species each have a distinctive set of chromosomes (karyotype).[16] When the territories of species overlap, as with the related species H. femorata and H. ricta on Banks Peninsula, they may interbreed, although offspring are sterile.[17] References1. ^{{Cite journal|last=Pratt|first=Renae C|last2=Morgan-Richards|first2=Mary|last3=Trewick|first3=Steve A|date=2008|title=Diversification of New Zealand weta (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Anostostomatidae) and their relationships in Australasia|url=|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=363|issue=1508|pages=3427–3437|doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0112|issn=0962-8436|pmc=2607373|pmid=18782727|via=}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q10521122}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/weta/page-2|title=Wētā – Tree Wētā|last=Gibbs|first=George|date=|website=Te Ara, Encyclopedia of New Zealand|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-27}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://newzealandecology.org/nzje/2995|title=Exploring the concept of niche convergence in a land without rodents: the case of weta as small mammals|last=Griffin|first=M.|date=2011|work=New Zealand Journal of Ecology|access-date=2018-06-29|language=en}} 4. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Bulgarella|first=Mariana|last2=Trewick|first2=Steven A.|last3=Minards|first3=Niki A.|last4=Jacobson|first4=Melissa J.|last5=Morgan-Richards|first5=Mary|date=2013|title=Shifting ranges of two tree weta species (Hemideinaspp.): competitive exclusion and changing climate|journal=Journal of Biogeography|language=en|volume=41|issue=3|pages=524–535|doi=10.1111/jbi.12224|issn=0305-0270}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Wehi|first=Priscilla M.|last2=Jorgensen|first2=Murray|last3=Morgan-Richards|first3=Mary|date=2013|title=Sex- and season-dependent behaviour in a flightless insect, the Auckland tree weta (Hemideina thoracica)|url=https://newzealandecology.org/nzje/3076|journal=New Zealand Journal of Ecology|volume=37|issue=1|pages=75–83|via=}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitzealandia.com/About/The-Wildlife/Reptiles-Frogs-Invertebrates/Tree-Weta|title=Tree wētā|website=www.visitzealandia.com|access-date=2019-01-27}} 7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Wehi|first=Priscilla M.|last2=Hicks|first2=Brendan J.|date=2010|title=Isotopic fractionation in a large herbivorous insect, the Auckland tree weta|journal=Journal of Insect Physiology|volume=56|issue=12|pages=1877–1882|doi=10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.08.005|pmid=20709068|issn=0022-1910}} 8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Griffin|first=Melissa J.|last2=Morgan-Richards|first2=Mary|last3=Trewick|first3=Steve A.|date=2011|title=Is the tree weta Hemideina crassidens an obligate herbivore?|url=http://www.science.canterbury.ac.nz/nzns/issues/vol36-2011/griffin.pdf|journal=New Zealand Natural Sciences|volume=36|pages=11–19|via=}} 9. ^{{Cite book|title=The biology of wetas, king crickets and their allies|last=Field|first=Laurence H.|publisher=CABI Pub|others=|year=2001|isbn=9780851994086|location=Wallingford, Oxon., UK|pages=|oclc=559432458}} 10. ^{{Cite journal|last=Morgan-Richards|first=Mary|date=1995|title=A new species of tree weta from the North Island of New Zealand (Hemideina Stenopelmatidae: Orthoptera)|journal=New Zealand Entomologist|volume=18|issue=1|pages=15–23|doi=10.1080/00779962.1995.9721996|issn=0077-9962}} 11. ^{{Cite journal|last=Duthie|first=C|date=2006|title=Seed dispersal by weta|url=|journal=Science|volume=311|issue=5767|pages=1575|via=|doi=10.1126/science.1123544|pmid=16543452}} 12. ^{{Cite journal|last=Wyman|first=Tarryn E.|last2=Trewick|first2=Steve A.|last3=Morgan-Richards|first3=Mary|last4=Noble|first4=Alasdair D. L.|date=2010|title=Mutualism or opportunism? Tree fuchsia (Fuchsia excorticata) and tree weta (Hemideina) interactions|journal=Austral Ecology|language=en|volume=36|issue=3|pages=261–268|doi=10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02146.x|issn=1442-9985}} 13. ^{{Cite journal|last=Kelly|first=Clint D.|date=2006|title=The Relationship Between Resource Control, Association with Females and Male Weapon Size in a Male Dominance Insect|journal=Ethology|language=en|volume=112|issue=4|pages=362–369|doi=10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01193.x|issn=0179-1613}} 14. ^{{Cite journal|last=Mckean|first=Natasha E.|last2=Trewick|first2=Steven A.|last3=Morgan-Richards|first3=Mary|date=2016|title=Little or no gene flow despite F1 hybrids at two interspecific contact zones|journal=Ecology and Evolution|language=en|volume=6|issue=8|pages=2390–2404|doi=10.1002/ece3.1942|issn=2045-7758|pmc=4783458|pmid=27066230}} 15. ^{{Cite book|url=|title=NZ Wild Life : introducing the weird and wonderful character of natural New Zealand|last=Trewick|first=Steve|last2=Morgan-Richards|first2=Mary|publisher=Penguin|others=|year=2014|isbn=9780143568896|location=Auckland, New Zealand|pages=|oclc=881301862}} 16. ^{{Cite journal|last=Mckean|first=NE|last2=Trewick|first2=SA|last3=Morgan-Richards|first3=M|date=2015|title=Comparative cytogenetics of North Island tree wētā in sympatry|journal=New Zealand Journal of Zoology|language=en|volume=42|issue=2|pages=73–84|doi=10.1080/03014223.2015.1032984|issn=0301-4223}} 17. ^{{Cite journal|last=Mckean|first=Natasha E.|last2=Trewick|first2=Steven A.|last3=Morgan-Richards|first3=Mary|date=2016|title=Little or no gene flow despite F1hybrids at two interspecific contact zones|journal=Ecology and Evolution|language=en|volume=6|issue=8|pages=2390–2404|doi=10.1002/ece3.1942|issn=2045-7758|pmc=4783458|pmid=27066230}} 2 : Weta|Stenopelmatoidea |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。