| 词条 | Trimeresurus malabaricus |
| 释义 |
|image=Pit viper head.jpg |status=LC |status_system=IUCN3.1 |status_ref=[1] |genus=Trimeresurus |species=malabaricus |authority=(Jerdon, 1854) |synonyms={{collapsible list|
}} }}Trimeresurus malabaricus, commonly known as Malabar pit viper, Malabar rock pit viper,[3] or rock viper,[4] is a venomous pit viper species endemic to the Western Ghats of southwestern India. No subspecies are currently recognized.[4] DescriptionAdults may attain a snout-vent length (SVL) of {{cvt|105|cm|}}. The tail is prehensile.[5] The weakly keeled dorsal scales are arranged in 21 or 19 rows at midbody. Ventral scales in the males number 143-158 and in females 136-159. Anal scale entire. Subcaudals paired and numbering 50-63 in males, 44-54 in females. Internasals large and usually touching. There are 9 or 10 supralabials, the first completely separated from the nasal. There is a single row of scales between supralabials and elongate subocular. The temporal scales are smooth or obliquely keeled.[6] Many different colour morphs are known to exist, including colours such as yellow, green, and brown. Shown here is a brown colour morph with pattern. {{Gallery|Malabar pit viper.jpg|Dorsal view |Trimeresurus Malabaricus.JPG|Brown morph of in ambush position |Malabarpitviperbrown.jpg|Brown morph }} Distribution and habitatThe species is endemic to Western Ghats mountains, occurring along the southern and western India at {{convert|600|-|2000|m}} elevation. The type locality is the Western Ghats of southwestern India. Records of this species are from Agasthyamalai, Travancore hills, Periyar Tiger Reserve, Meghamalai, Palni hills, Anaimalai, parts of lower, western Nilgiris, Wayanad, Coorg, Malnad region of Karnataka, Castle Rock, Goa and northwards into Maharashtra in the Amboli hills. It inhabits riparian forests and is very partial to hill streams and torrents, situated within dense wet rainforests, sometimes also evergreen and deciduous forests, where it may be found on the ground, on rocks present in stream beds, on low vegetation, or in shrubs.[5]{{verify source|date=January 2019}} EcologyThe Malabar pit viper is nocturnal and usually inactive in the day, sometimes seen basking on rocks or trees near streams. It is more commonly encountered during the monsoon months. The species preys upon frogs, lizards, nestling birds, musk shrews, mice and other small animals.[5]{{verify source|date=January 2019}} VenomT. malabaricus is slow-moving, but capable of fast strikes. Its venom causes moderate pain and swelling to humans. These symptoms subside in a day or two.[6]References1. ^{{Cite journal |author=Srinivasulu, C. |author2=Srinivasulu, B. |author3=Shankar, G. |author4=Thakur, S. |author5=Kulkarni, N.U. |author6=Jose, J. |last-author-amp=yes |title=Trimeresurus malabaricus |journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |volume=2013 |page=e.T172708A1372028 |publisher=IUCN |date=2013 |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/172708/0 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T172708A1372028.en |access-date=27 December 2017}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).[7]2. ^The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org. 3. ^Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, Captain A, Ryabov S. 2004. Asian Pitvipers. Geitje Books. Berlin. 1st Edition. 368 pp. {{ISBN|3-937975-00-4}}. 4. ^{{ITIS|id=634923|taxon=Trimeresurus malabaricus|accessdate=11 March 2007}} 5. ^1 2 Das, Indraneil. 2002. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of India. Ralph Curtis Books. Sanibel Island, Florida. 144 pp. {{ISBN|0-88359-056-5}}. (Trimeresurus malabaricus, p. 66.) 6. ^1 Whitaker R, Captain A. 2004. Snakes of India, The Field Guide. Draco books. 7. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Mehrtens |first1=John M. |title=Living snakes of the world in color |date=1987 |publisher=Sterling Pub. Co |isbn=9780806964607}}
}} Further reading{{refbegin}}
4 : Trimeresurus|Reptiles described in 1854|Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats|Reptiles of India |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。