| 词条 | Flora Annie Steel |
| 释义 |
| name = Flora Annie Steel | image = Flora Annie Steel.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Flora Annie Steel, ca. 1903 | pseudonym = | birth_date = {{birth date|1847|4|2|df=y}} | birth_place = Sudbury, Middlesex, England[1] | death_date = {{death date and age|1929|4|12|1847|4|2|df=y}} | death_place = Minchinhampton, Gloucestershire, England[1] | occupation = Writer | nationality = English | period = 19th century | genre = History, Fiction, Children's Literature | subject = | movement = | influences = | influenced = | signature = | website = }} Flora Annie Steel (2 April 1847 – 12 April 1929) was an English writer, who lived in British India for 22 years. She was noted especially for books set or otherwise connected with the sub-continent. Personal lifeShe was born Flora Annie Webster in Sudbury, Middlesex, the sixth child of George Webster.[1] In 1867, she married Henry William Steel, a member of the Indian Civil Service, and lived there until 1889,[2] chiefly in the Punjab, with which most of her books are connected. She grew deeply interested in native Indian life and began to urge educational reforms on the government of India. Mrs Steel became an Inspectress of Government and Aided Schools in the Punjab and also worked with John Lockwood Kipling, Rudyard Kipling's father, to foster Indian arts and crafts.[3] When her husband's health was weak, Flora Annie Steel took over some of his responsibilities. She died at her daughter's house in Minchinhampton, Gloucestershire on 12 April 1929.[4] Her biographers include Violet Powell[5][6] and Daya Patwardhan.[7][8] WritingFlora Annie Steel was interested in relating to all classes of Indian society. The birth of her daughter gave her a chance to interact with local women and learn their language. She encouraged the production of local handicrafts and collected folk-tales, a collection of which she published in 1894. Her interest in schools and the education of women gave her insight into native life and character. A year before leaving India, she co-authored and published The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook, which gave detailed directions to European women on all aspects of household management in India. In 1889 the family moved back to Scotland, and she continued her writing there. Some of her best work, according to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, is contained in two collections of her short stories, From the Five Rivers and Tales of the Punjab. Steel's novel On the Face of the Waters (1896) describes incidents during the Indian Mutiny. She also wrote a popular history of India. John F. Riddick describes Steel's The Hosts of the Lord as one of the "three significant works" produced by Anglo-Indian writers on Indian missionaries, along with The Old Missionary (1895) by William Wilson Hunter and Idolatry (1909) by Alice Perrin.[9] Among her other literary associates in India was Bithia Mary Croker.[10] Bibliography{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
}} References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=steefl |title=Flora Annie Steel entry: Overview screen |publisher=Cambridge University Press Online |work=Orlando: Women's Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present |date=2006 |accessdate=28 November 2014|author1=Brown, Susan |author2=Patricia Clements |author3=Isobel Grundy |last-author-amp=yes }} {{EB1911|wstitle=Steel, Flora Annie}}2. ^{{cite book |author=Margaret MacMillan |title=Women of the Raj: The Mothers, Wives, and Daughters of the British Empire in India |url=https://books.google.com/?id=5Xh4m4Ljrn4C&pg=PA245&dq=turki+woman+married+to#v=onepage&q=turki%20woman%20married%20to&f=false |year=2007 |publisher=Random House Trade Paperbacks |isbn=978-0-8129-7639-7 |pages=245–}} 3. ^{{cite wikisource |The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Steel, Mrs. Flora Annie}} 4. ^Orlando. Retrieved 31 October 2015 5. ^{{cite journal |last=Mannsaker |first=Frances M. |title=Flora Annie Steel, Novelist of India by Violet Powell |journal=Victorian Studies |date=Autumn 1982 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=105–106 |jstor=3827506}} 6. ^{{cite book |author=Violet Powell |title=Flora Annie Steel, Novelist of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUVbAAAAMAAJ |date=May 1981 |publisher=Heinemann}} 7. ^{{cite journal |last=Parr y|first=Benita |title=A Star of India: Flora Annie Steel, Her Works and Times by Daya Patwardhan |journal=The Modern Language Review |date=April 1967 |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=324–325 |jstor=3723865}} 8. ^{{cite book |author=Daya Patwardhan |title=A Star of India: Flora Annie Steel, Her Works and Times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRVKAAAAMAAJ |year=1963 |publisher=Sole agents: A. V. Griha Prakashan, Poona}} 9. ^{{cite book |author=John F. Riddick |title=The History of British India: A Chronology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Es6x4u_g19UC&pg=PA179 |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-32280-8 |pages=179}} 10. ^Douglas Sladen: "Lady Authors", in: Twenty Years of My Life (London: Constable, 1915), p. 120 ff. 11. ^{{cite journal |title=The Hosts of the Lord by Flora Annie Steel |journal=The Sewanee Review |date=January 1901 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=101–102 |jstor=27528148}} 12. ^{{cite journal |last=Willcox |first=Louise Collier |title=A Sovereign Remedy by Flora Annie Steel |journal=The North American Review |date=April 19, 1907 |volume=184 |issue=613 |pages=861–863 |jstor=25105855}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/23rd-november-1929/39/flora-annie-steel |title=Flora Annie Steel |publisher=The Spectator Archive |date=23 November 1929 |accessdate=28 November 2014 |author=Meston |pages=39}} External links{{Sister project links |voy=no |wikt=no |v=no |n=no |b=no|author=no}}{{Library resources box |by=yes |onlinebooksby=yes |viaf=211452326}}
15 : 1847 births|1929 deaths|People from Middlesex (before 1889)|English short story writers|19th-century English novelists|20th-century English novelists|English historians|English tax resisters|Europeans in India|Feminism in India|19th-century British short story writers|20th-century British short story writers|19th-century British women writers|20th-century British women writers|British women historians |
| 随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。