“Triton Island”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Triton Island ({{zh|c=中建岛|p=Zhōngjiàn Dǎo}}; {{CJKV|v=đảo Tri Tôn}}) is the most south-western of the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea. It is located on the southwest corner of Triton Reef and has an area of {{convert|7|ha|acre}} above sea-level. The reef including the island measures about {{convert|120|ha|acre}} in area.^[1] The island is administered by the People's Republic of China,^[2] and is also claimed by the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Vietnam.

The island was historically known by the Chinese as Bànlù Zhì ({{zh|c=半路峙|l=halfway tower}}), and as Luó Dǎo ({{zh|c=螺岛|l=snail island}}) to Chinese fishermen.^[2] Other Chinese sources have it named as 南建岛, as it was the southernmost point claimed by China until after 1933.^[3] The current Chinese name commemorates the Republic of China Navy warship ROCS Chung-chien (中建號) sent in 1946 to claim the Paracel Islands.^[4]

History

Lacking a native population, ownership of the Paracel Islands has been disputed since the early 20th century. In the aftermath of the First Indochina War, until 1974 Vietnam occupied Pattle Island, approximately {{convert|50|nmi|km}} away. Control has been enforced by the People's Republic of China since the Battle of the Paracel Islands.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

In 1973 the cargo ship USNS Sgt. Jack J. Pendleton was abandoned on the reef of Triton Island, having run aground there en route from Vietnam to the Philippines.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

Freedom of navigation manoeuvres

On January 30, 2016, the United States warship {{USS|Curtis Wilbur}} passed within 12 nautical miles of the island. The Pentagon stated that it had notified none of the three claimants to the island beforehand, and stated the reason for the transit was to protect freedom of navigation, "consistent with international law". The People's Republic of China called the voyage "provocative" and that it "violated relevant Chinese laws by entering Chinese territorial waters without prior permission".^[5]

In July 2017, the guided missile destroyer {{USS|Stethem}} navigated within 12 miles of Triton island as part of a FONOP (Freedom of navigation operation).^[6]

References

1. ^gauged from satellite image
2. ^{{cite web |title= Chinese dictionary|url=http://www.yellowbridge.com/chinese/dictionary.php|website=www.yellowbridge.com|publisher=Yellow bridge|accessdate=3 July 2017}}
3. ^Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1933) 外交部公報 (Gazette of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) 6, 3 (July–Sept.), pp. 206–23.
4. ^吕一燃 (Lu Yiran), 2007. 中国近代边界史 (A modern history of China's borders), Vol. 2. 四川人民出版社 (Sichuan People's Publishing), pp.1092-1093. {{ISBN|7220073313}}
5. ^{{cite news | last1 = Stewart | first1 = Phil | last2 = Taplin | first2 = Nathaniel | title = U.S. warship sails near island claimed by China in South China Sea | accessdate = 31 January 2016 | agency = Reuters | date = 30 January 2016 | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-southchinasea-china-idUSKCN0V8093 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160131084306/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-southchinasea-china-idUSKCN0V8093 | archivedate = 31 January 2016 | deadurl = no }}
6. ^¹{{cite news|title=US warship sails near disputed island in South China Sea|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/02/us-warship-disputed-island-south-china-sea|accessdate=3 July 2017|agency=Reuters Washington|publisher=The Guardian|date=2 July 2017}}