“Trochilinae”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Trochilinae

释义

Distribution
Reproduction
Taxonomic list
See also
External Links

{{Unreferenced|date=March 2007}}{{Automatic taxobox
|image = BroadbilledHummingbird.jpg
|image_caption = Broad-billed Hummingbird male Cynanthus latirostris, Madera Canyon, Arizona
|taxon = Trochilinae
|authority = Jardine, 1833
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision = About 100, see text
}}

Trochilinae is a subfamily of the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). Members of the subfamily Trochilinae are sometimes called typical hummingbirds. They typically display iridescent plumage in metallic reds, oranges, greens and/or blues. Strong sexual dimorphism in plumage and size is evident in many species.

Distribution

Hummingbirds in Trochilinae are found in America, from Alaska to the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego. There is great diversity in almost the entire Central American isthmus, Colombia, and Venezuela. The country with the greatest diversity of this species is Ecuador, which has 132 species equivalent to 40% of the world total, however the country with the highest number of these is Colombia with up to 165 species throughout its territory.

Reproduction

To court the interest of the female, the male performs a dance. After the females have been fertilized, they build a small nest lined internally with spider web, cotton, lichen or moss. The nest is often built in a low bush. The female lays two eggs in a period of two days and hatches within 14 to 19 days. Then, the hummingbirds feed their young for about three to four weeks at this time the female travels from the nest up to 140 times a day to feed her young.

Taxonomic list

Image	Genus	Living species
Androdon Tooth-billed hummingbird, Androdon aequatorialis
Doryfera Green-fronted lancebill, Doryfera ludovicae Blue-fronted lancebill, Doryfera johannae
Phaeochroa Scaly-breasted hummingbird, Phaeochroa cuvierii
Campylopterus Curve-winged sabrewing, Campylopterus curvipennis Wedge-tailed sabrewing, Campylopterus pampa Long-tailed sabrewing, Campylopterus excellens Gray-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus largipennis Rufous sabrewing, Campylopterus rufus Violet sabrewing, Campylopterus hemileucurus Rufous-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus hyperythrus White-tailed sabrewing, Campylopterus ensipennis Lazuline sabrewing, Campylopterus falcatus Santa Marta sabrewing, Campylopterus phainopeplus Napo sabrewing, Campylopterus villaviscensio Dry-forest sabrewing, Campylopterus calcirupicola Buff-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus duidae
Eupetomena Swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macrourus
Florisuga White-necked jacobin, Florisuga mellivora Black jacobin, Florisuga fuscus
Colibri Brown violetear, Colibri delphinae Mexican violetear, Colibri thalassinus Lesser violetear, Colibri cyanotus Sparkling violetear, Colibri coruscans White-vented violetear, Colibri serrirostris
Anthracothorax Green-throated mango, Anthracothorax viridigula Green-breasted mango, Anthracothorax prevostii Black-throated mango, Anthracothorax nigricollis Veraguan mango, Anthracothorax veraguensis Antillean mango, Anthracothorax dominicus Green mango, Anthracothorax viridis Jamaican mango, Anthracothorax mango
Avocettula Fiery-tailed awlbill, Avocettula recurvirostris
Topaza Crimson topaz, Topaza pella Fiery topaz, Topaza pyra'
Eulampis Purple-throated carib, Eulampis jugularis Green-throated carib, Eulampis holosericeus
Chrysolampis ruby-topaz hummingbird, Chrysolampis mosquitus
Orthorhyncus Antillean crested hummingbird, Orthorhyncus cristatus
Klais Violet-headed hummingbird, Klais guimeti
Stephanoxis Green-crowned plovercrest (Stephanoxis lalandi) Purple-crowned plovercrest (Stephanoxis loddigesii)
Abeillia Emerald-chinned hummingbird, Abeillia abeillei
Lophornis Tufted coquette, Lophornis ornatus Dot-eared coquette, Lophornis gouldii Frilled coquette, Lophornis magnificus Short-crested coquette, Lophornis brachylophus Rufous-crested coquette, Lophornis delattrei Spangled coquette, Lophornis stictolophus Festive coquette, Lophornis chalybeus Peacock coquette, Lophornis pavoninus Black-crested coquette, Lophornis helenae White-crested coquette, Lophornis adorabilis
Discosura Wire-crested thorntail, Discosura popelairii Black-bellied thorntail, Discosura langsdorffi Coppery thorntail, Discosura letitiae (possibly extinct) Green thorntail, Discosura conversii Racket-tailed coquette, Discosura longicauda
Trochilus Green-and-black streamertail, Trochilus polytmus Black-billed streamertail, Trochilus scitulus
Chlorestes Blue-chinned sapphire, Chlorestes notata
Chlorostilbon Blue-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon mellisugus Golden-crowned emerald, Chlorostilbon auriceps Cozumel emerald, Chlorostilbon forficatus Canivet's emerald, Chlorostilbon canivetii Garden emerald, Chlorostilbon assimilis Glittering-bellied emerald, Chlorostilbon lucidus Chiribiquete emerald, Chlorostilbon olivaresi Cuban emerald, Chlorostilbon ricordii Brace's emerald, Chlorostilbon bracei (extinct) Gould's emerald, Chlorostilbon elegans (extinct) Hispaniolan emerald, Chlorostilbon swainsonii Puerto Rican emerald, Chlorostilbon maugaeus Coppery emerald, Chlorostilbon russatus Narrow-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon stenurus Green-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon alice Short-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon poortmani
Basilinna Xantus's hummingbird, Basilinna xantusii White-eared hummingbird, Basilinna leucotis
Elvira White-tailed emerald, Elvira chionura Coppery-headed emerald, Elvira cupreiceps
Eupherusa Blue-capped hummingbird, Eupherusa cyanophrys White-tailed hummingbird, Eupherusa poliocerca Stripe-tailed hummingbird, Eupherusa eximia Black-bellied hummingbird, Eupherusa nigriventris
Goethalsia Rufous-cheeked hummingbird, Goethalsia bella
Goldmania Violet-capped hummingbird, Goldmania violiceps
Cynanthus Dusky hummingbird, Cynanthus sordidus Broad-billed hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris Blue-headed hummingbird, Cyanophaia bicolor
Thalurania Violet-crowned woodnymph, Thalurania colombica Mexican woodnymph, Thalurania ridgwayi Green-crowned woodnymph, Thalurania fannyi Fork-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania furcata Long-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania watertonii Violet-capped woodnymph, Thalurania glaucopis
Damophila Violet-bellied hummingbird, Damophila julie
Lepidopyga Sapphire-throated hummingbird, Lepidopyga coeruleogularis Sapphire-bellied hummingbird, Lepidopyga lilliae Shining-green hummingbird, Lepidopyga goudoti
Hylocharis Blue-throated goldentail, Hylocharis eliciae Rufous-throated sapphire, Hylocharis sapphirina White-chinned sapphire, Hylocharis cyanus Gilded sapphire, Hylocharis chrysura Blue-headed sapphire, Hylocharis grayi
Chrysuronia Golden-tailed sapphire, Chrysuronia oenone
Leucochloris White-throated hummingbird, Leucochloris albicollis
Polytmus White-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus guainumbi Tepui goldenthroat, Polytmus milleri Green-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus theresiae
Leucippus Buffy hummingbird, Leucippus fallax Tumbes hummingbird, Leucippus baeri Spot-throated hummingbird, Leucippus taczanowskii Olive-spotted hummingbird, Leucippus chlorocercus White-bellied hummingbird, Leucippus chionogaster Green-and-white hummingbird, Leucippus viridicauda Many-spotted hummingbird, Leucippus hypostictus
Amazilia Rufous-tailed hummingbird, Amazilia tzacatl Chestnut-bellied hummingbird, Amazilia castaneiventris Amazilia hummingbird, Amazilia amazilia Loja hummingbird, Amazilia alticola Buff-bellied hummingbird, Amazilia yucatanensis Cinnamon hummingbird, Amazilia rutila Honduran emerald, Amazilia luciae
Agyrtria Plain-bellied emerald, Agyrtria leucogaster Versicolored emerald, Agyrtria versicolor Rondonia emerald, Agyrtria rondoniae White-chested emerald, Agyrtria brevirostris Andean emerald, Agyrtria franciae White-bellied emerald, Agyrtria candida Azure-crowned hummingbird, Agyrtria cyanocephala Violet-crowned hummingbird, Agyrtria violiceps Green-fronted hummingbird, Agyrtria viridifrons
Polyerata Sapphire-spangled emerald, Polyerata lactea Glittering-throated emerald, Polyerata fimbriata Blue-chested hummingbird, Polyerata amabilis Charming hummingbird, Polyerata decora Purple-chested hummingbird, Polyerata rosenbergi Mangrove hummingbird, Polyerata boucardi Honduran emerald, Polyerata luciae
Saucerottia Steely-vented hummingbird, Saucerottia saucerrottei Indigo-capped hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanifrons Alfaro's hummingbird, Saucerottia alfaroana (probably extinct) Snowy-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia edward Blue-tailed hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanura Berylline hummingbird, Saucerottia beryllina Green-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia viridigaster Copper-tailed hummingbird, Saucerottia cupreicauda Copper-rumped hummingbird, Saucerottia tobaci
Panterpe fiery-throated hummingbird
Oreopyra White-bellied mountaingem, Oreopyra hemileucus (recently split from Lampornis)
Microchera snowcap, Microchera albocoronata
Anthocephala Santa Marta blossomcrown, Anthocephala floriceps Andean blossomcrown, Anthocephala berlepschi
Chalybura White-vented plumeleteer, Chalybura buffonii Bronze-tailed plumeleteer, Chalybura urochrysia
Lampornis Blue-throated mountaingem, Lampornis clemenciae Amethyst-throated mountaingem, Lampornis amethystinus Red-throated mountangem, Lampornis (amethystinus) salvini Green-throated mountaingem, Lampornis viridipallens Green-breasted mountaingem, Lampornis sybillae Purple-throated mountaingem, Lampornis calolaemus White-throated mountaingem, Lampornis castaneoventris Gray-tailed mountaingem, Lampornis castaneoventris cinereicauda
Phlogophilus Ecuadorian piedtail, Phlogophilus hemileucurus Peruvian piedtail, Phlogophilus harterti
Adelomyia speckled hummingbird
Clytolaema Brazilian ruby
Heliodoxa Gould's jewelfront, Heliodoxa aurescens Fawn-breasted brilliant, Heliodoxa rubinoides Violet-fronted brilliant, Heliodoxa leadbeateri Velvet-browed brilliant, Heliodoxa xanthogonys Black-throated brilliant, Heliodoxa schreibersii Pink-throated brilliant, Heliodoxa gularis Rufous-webbed brilliant, Heliodoxa branickii Empress brilliant, Heliodoxa imperatrix Green-crowned brilliant, Heliodoxa jacula
Lamprolaima Garnet-throated hummingbird, Lamprolaima rhami
Eugenes Rivoli's hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens) Talamanca hummingbird (Eugenes spectabilis)
Hylonympha Scissor-tailed hummingbird, Hylonympha macrocerca
Sternoclyta violet-chested hummingbird
Urochroa Rufous-gaped hillstar, Urochroa bougueri Green-backed hillstar, Urochroa leucura
Boissonneaua Chestnut-breasted coronet, Boissonneaua matthewsii Buff-tailed coronet, Boissonneaua flavescens Velvet-purple coronet, Boissonneaua jardini
Aglaeactis Shining sunbeam, Aglaeactis cupripennis White-tufted sunbeam, Aglaeactis castelnaudii Purple-backed sunbeam, Aglaeactis aliciae Black-hooded sunbeam, Aglaeactis pamela
Oreotrochilus Andean hillstar, Oreotrochilus estella Green-headed hillstar, Oreotrochilus estella stolzmanni Chimborazo hillstar, Oreotrochilus chimborazo White-sided hillstar, Oreotrochilus leucopleurus Black-breasted hillstar, Oreotrochilus melanogaster Wedge-tailed hillstar, Oreotrochilus adela
Lafresnaya Mountain velvetbreast, Lafresnaya lafresnayi
Coeligena Bronzy inca, Coeligena coeligena Brown inca, Coeligena wilsoni Black inca, Coeligena prunellei Collared inca, Coeligena torquata Gould's inca, Coeligena torquata inca White-tailed starfrontlet, Coeligena phalerata Golden-bellied starfrontlet, Coeligena bonapartei Golden starfrontlet, Coeligena bonapartei eos Blue-throated starfrontlet, Coeligena helianthea Buff-winged starfrontlet, Coeligena lutetiae Violet-throated starfrontlet, Coeligena violifer Rainbow starfrontlet, Coeligena iris Dusky starfrontlet, Coeligena orina
Ensifera Sword-billed hummingbird, Ensifera ensifera
Pterophanes Great sapphirewing, Pterophanes cyanopterus
Patagona giant hummingbird
Sephanoides Green-backed firecrown, Sephanoides sephaniodes Juan Fernández firecrown, Sephanoides fernandensis Alejandro Selkirk firecrown, Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi – extinct (1908)
Heliangelus Longuemare's sunangel, Heliangelus clarisse Orange-throated sunangel, Heliangelus mavors Amethyst-throated sunangel, Heliangelus amethysticollis Gorgeted sunangel, Heliangelus strophianus Tourmaline sunangel, Heliangelus exortis Flame-throated sunangel, Heliangelus micrastur Purple-throated sunangel, Heliangelus viola Royal sunangel, Heliangelus regalis Bogota sunangel, Heliangelus zusii (probably extinct)
Haplophaedia Greenish puffleg, Haplophaedia aureliae Buff-thighed puffleg, Haplophaedia assimilis Hoary puffleg, Haplophaedia lugens
Urosticte Purple-bibbed whitetip, Urosticte benjamini Rufous-vented whitetip, Urosticte ruficrissa
Lesbia Black-tailed trainbearer, Lesbia victoriae Green-tailed trainbearer, Lesbia nuna
Sappho red-tailed comet
Polyonymus Bronze-tailed comet, Polyonymus caroli
Ramphomicron Purple-backed thornbill, Ramphomicron microrhynchum Black-backed thornbill, Ramphomicron dorsale
Oreonympha Bearded mountaineer, Oreonympha nobilis
Oxypogon White-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon lindenii Green-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon guerinii Blue-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon cyanolaemus Buffy helmetcrest, Oxypogon stuebelii
Metallura Tyrian metaltail, Metallura tyrianthina Perija metaltail, Metallura iracunda Scaled metaltail, Metallura aeneocauda Fiery-throated metaltail, Metallura eupogon Coppery metaltail, Metallura theresiae Neblina metaltail, Metallura odomae Violet-throated metaltail, Metallura baroni Viridian metaltail, Metallura williami Black metaltail, Metallura phoebe
Chalcostigma Rufous-capped thornbill, Chalcostigma ruficeps Olivaceous thornbill, Chalcostigma olivaceum Blue-mantled thornbill, Chalcostigma stanleyi Bronze-tailed thornbill, Chalcostigma heteropogon Rainbow-bearded thornbill, Chalcostigma herrani
Opisthoprora Mountain avocetbill, Opisthoprora euryptera
Taphrolesbia Gray-bellied comet, Taphrolesbia griseiventris
Aglaiocercus Long-tailed sylph, Aglaiocercus kingi Violet-tailed sylph, Aglaiocercus coelestis Venezuelan sylph, Aglaiocercus berlepschi
Augastes Hyacinth visorbearer, Augastes scutatus Hooded visorbearer, Augastes lumachella
Schistes Geoffroy's wedgebill, Schistes geoffroyi White-throated wedgebill, Schistes albogularis
Heliothryx Purple-crowned fairy, Heliothryx barroti Black-eared fairy, Heliothryx aurita
Heliactin horned sungem, Heliactin bilophus
Loddigesia marvelous spatuletail, Loddigesia mirabilis
Heliomaster Plain-capped starthroat, Heliomaster constantii Long-billed starthroat, Heliomaster longirostris Stripe-breasted starthroat, Heliomaster squamosus Blue-tufted starthroat, Heliomaster furcifer
Rhodopis Oasis hummingbird, Rhodopis vesper
Thaumastura Peruvian sheartail, Thaumastura cora
Tilmatura Sparkling-tailed woodstar, Tilmatura dupontii
Doricha Slender sheartail, Doricha enicura Mexican sheartail, Doricha eliza
Calliphlox Bahama woodstar, Calliphlox evelynae Inagua woodstar, Calliphlox lyrura Magenta-throated woodstar, Calliphlox bryantae Purple-throated woodstar, Calliphlox mitchellii Amethyst woodstar, Calliphlox amethystina
Microstilbon Slender-tailed woodstar, Microstilbon burmeisteri
Calothorax Lucifer hummingbird, Calothorax lucifer Beautiful hummingbird, Calothorax pulcher
Mellisuga Vervain hummingbird, Mellisuga minima Bee hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae
Archilochus Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris Black-chinned hummingbird, Archilochus alexandri
Calypte Anna's hummingbird, Calypte anna Costa's hummingbird, Calypte costae
Atthis Bumblebee hummingbird, Atthis heloisa Wine-throated hummingbird, Atthis ellioti
Myrtis Purple-collared woodstar, Myrtis fanny
Eulidia Chilean woodstar, Eulidia yarrellii
Myrmia Short-tailed woodstar, Myrmia micrura
Chaetocercus White-bellied woodstar, Chaetocercus mulsant Little woodstar, Chaetocercus bombus Gorgeted woodstar, Chaetocercus heliodor Santa Marta woodstar, Chaetocercus astreans Esmeraldas woodstar, Chaetocercus berlepschi Rufous-shafted woodstar, Chaetocercus jourdanii
Selasphorus Scintillant hummingbird, Selasphorus scintilla Glow-throated hummingbird, Selasphorus ardens Volcano hummingbird, Selasphorus flammula Broad-tailed hummingbird, Selasphorus platycercus Rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus Allen's hummingbird, Selasphorus sasin Calliope hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope

External Links

{{Commons category-inline|Trochilinae|Trochilinae}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Trochilinae|Trochilinae}}

3 : Pollinator birds|Trochilidae|Bird subfamilies

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Distribution

Reproduction

Taxonomic list

See also

External Links