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词条 Tropidophis
释义

  1. Description

  2. Distribution and habitat

  3. Species

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. Further reading

  7. External links

{{Italic title}}{{Automatic Taxobox
| name = Tropidophis
| image = Cuban Giant Trope (Tropidophis melanurus) (8577519420).jpg
| image_caption = Tropidophis melanurus
| taxon = Tropidophis
| authority = Bibron In
de la Sagra, 1843
| synonyms = * Tropidophis Bibron In
de la Sagra, 1843
  • Leionotus Bibron In
    de la Sagra, 1843
  • Ungalia Gray, 1842
  • Erycopsis Fitzinger, 1843
  • Notophis Hallowell, 1856
  • Ungalia Cope, 1868[1]

}}Tropidophis, common name wood snake or West Indian wood snake,[2] is a genus of dwarf boas[3] endemic to the West Indies and South America. Currently, 17 species are recognized.[3]

Description

Adults grow to between {{convert|30|and|60|cm|in|abbr=on}} in total length (including tail). They are secretive and predominately terrestrial, found in a variety of natural habitats, including rain forest, swamps, pine woods and scrub, as well as in the vicinity of human habitation. They have a peculiar defensive habit of expelling blood from the mouth, nostrils and eyes when disturbed.[4] Some species also change colour over the course of the day.[4]

Despite their relatively small size and secretive nature, some species may be susceptible to extirpation, mainly due to habitat alteration and introduced feral animals. The Navassa Island dwarf boa, T. bucculentus, has not been seen for 100 years and is believed to be extinct.

Distribution and habitat

Found in the West Indies, Brazil, Peru and Ecuador.[1]

Species

Species[3]Taxon author[3]Subsp.*[3]Common nameGeographic range[1]
T. battersbyiLaurent, 19490Ecuadorian dwarf boaEcuador
T. bucculentus(Cope, 1868)0Navassa Island dwarf boaNavassa Island
T. canus(Cope, 1868)3Bahamian dwarf boaThe Bahamas
T. caymanensisBattersby, 19382Cayman Islands dwarf boaCayman Islands
T. feickiSchwartz, 19570broad-banded dwarf boaWestern Cuba
T. fuscusHedges & Garrido, 19920Cuban dusky dwarf boaNortheastern Cuba
T. greenwayiBarbour & Shreve, 19361Caicos dwarf boaCaicos Islands
T. haetianus(Cope, 1879)5Haitian dwarf boaEastern Cuba, Hispaniola and adjacent islands, and Jamaica
T. maculatus(Bibron, 1840)0spotted red dwarf boaWestern Cuba
T. melanurusT(Schlegel, 1837)2Cuban giant dwarf boaCuba and adjacent islands
T. nigriventrisBailey, 19370black-bellied dwarf boaCentral Cuba
T. pardalis(Gundlach, 1840)0leopard dwarf boaCuba and adjacent islands
T. paucisquamis(F. Müller, 1901)0Brazilian dwarf boaBrazil in Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo
T. pilsbryiBailey, 19371Cuban white-necked dwarf boaCentral and eastern Cuba
T. semicinctus(Gundlach & W. Peters, 1864)0yellow-banded dwarf boaWestern and central Cuba
T. taczanowskyi(Steindachner, 1880)0Taczanowski's dwarf boaAmazonian Peru and Ecuador
T. wrightiStull, 19280gracile banded dwarf boaEastern Cuba
*) Not including the nominate subspecies
T) Type species[1]

The Reptile Database includes some further species:[5]

Species[5]Taxon author[5]Subsp.*[5]Common nameGeographic range[5]
T. celiae(Hedges, Estrada & Díaz, 1999)0Canasi dwarf boaCuba and adjacent islands
T. curtus(Garman, 1887)0Bahama wood snakeBahamas
T. galacelidusSchwartz & Garrido, 19750Pilsbry's dwarf boaCuba and adjacent islands
T. grapiunaCurcio, Sales Nunes, Suzart Argolo, Skuk & Rodrigues, 20120Brazil
T. hardyiSchwartz & Garrido, 19750blackbelly dwarf boaCuba
T. hendersoniHedges & Garrido, 20020Cuban khaki dwarf boaCuba
T. jamaicensisStull, 19280Jamaica dwarf boaJamaica
T. morenoiHedges, Garrido & Díaz, 20010zebra dwarf boaCuba
T. parkeriGrant, 19410Parker's dwarf boaLittle Cayman Island
T. preciosusCurcio, Sales Nunes, Suzart Argolo, Skuk & Rodrigues, 20120Brazil
T. schwartziThomas, 19630Schwartz' dwarf boaCayman Islands
T. spiritusHedges & Garrido, 19990 Sancti Spíritus dwarf boaCuba
T. stejnegeri Grant, 19400 Stejneger’s dwarf boanorthern Jamaica
T. stullae Grant, 19400 Stull’s dwarf boasouthern Jamaica
T. xanthogasterDomínguez, Moreno & Hedges, 20060Guanahacabibes dwarf boaCuba
*) Not including the nominate subspecies

See also

  • List of tropidophiid species and subspecies
  • {{c|Tropidophiidae by common name}}
  • {{c|Tropidophiidae by taxonomic synonyms}}

References

1. ^1 2 3 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).
2. ^Parker HW, Grandison AGC (1977). Snakes — a Natural History. Second Edition. London and Ithaca: British Museum (Natural History) and Cornell University Press. 108 pp. + 16 plates. LCCCN 76-54625. {{ISBN|0-8014-1095-9}} (cloth), {{ISBN|0-8014-9164-9}} (paper).
3. ^1 2 3 4 {{ITIS |id=174332 |taxon=Tropidophis |accessdate=29 August 2007}}
4. ^1 {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1163/156853806778190088| volume = 27| pages = 427–432| last = Domínguez| first = Michel |author2=Luis V. Moreno |author3=S. Blair Hedges | title = A new snake of the genus Tropidophis (Tropidophiidae) from the Guanahacabibes Peninsula of Western Cuba| journal = Amphibia-Reptilia| date = August 2006}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 {{NRDB genus|genus=Tropidophis|accessdate=29 June 2013}}

Further reading

  • Bibron G (1843). In: de la Sagra R (1843). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. Segunda parte historia natural. Tomo IV. Reptiles y peces. Paris: Bertrand. 255 pp. + Plates I-V. (Tropidophis, new genus, p. 124). (in Spanish).
  • Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Boidæ ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Genus Ungalia [=Tropidophis], p. 110).
  • Freiberg M (1982). Snakes of South America. Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. {{ISBN|0-87666-912-7}}. (Genus Tropidophis, pp. 44, 80, 88, 188).
  • Schwartz A, Thomas R (1975). A Check-list of West Indian Amphibians and Reptiles. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication No. 1. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 216 pp. (12 species of Tropidophis, pp. 191–196).

External links

  • {{NRDB genus|genus=Tropidophis|date=29 August|year=2007}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2692350}}

3 : Tropidophiidae|Snake genera|Taxa named by Gabriel Bibron
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