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词条 Truck classification
释义

  1. United States

     Table of US GVWR classifications  Notes on weight classes  "Ton" rating  Class 8  Class 9/Super heavy duty 

  2. Canada

  3. European Union

  4. List of truck types

  5. Gallery

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}{{about|commercial truck classifications|passenger car and pickup truck classifications|Car classifications}}{{Further|List of truck types}}

Truck classifications are typically based upon the maximum loaded weight of the truck (typically using the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) and sometimes also the gross trailer weight rating (GTWR), and can vary among jurisdictions.

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United States

In the United States, commercial truck classification is determined based on the vehicle's gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). The classes range from 1–8.{{R|"USDOE1"|"NTEA1"}} Trucks are also classified more broadly by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), which groups classes 1–2 as light duty, 3–6 as medium duty, and 7–8 as heavy duty; a commercial driver's license (CDL) is generally required to operate heavy duty trucks.{{R|"USDOE1"|"USDOT2"|"ChanginGears1"}} The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a separate system of emissions classifications for trucks.{{R|"USDOE1"|"USEPA2"}} The United States Census Bureau also assigned classifications in its now-discontinued Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS) (formerly Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS)).{{R|"USCB1"}}

Table of US GVWR classifications

US truck class Duty classification Weight limit {{R|"USDOE1"|"HeavyDutyTrucking1" Examples
Class 1 Light truck 0|-|6000|lb}}"WRC1"}}
Class 2a Light truck 6001|–|8500|lb}}"WRC1"|"TruckTrend1"|"USEPA1"}}
Class 2b Light/Medium truck8501|–|10000|lb}}"WRC1"|"TruckTrend1"|"USEPA1"}}
Class 3 Medium truck 10001|–|14000|lb}} Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 3500, Ford F-350, Ram 3500
Class 4 Medium truck 14001|–|16000|lb}}"WRC1"}}
Class 5 Medium truck 16001|–|19500|lb}}"AutoByTel1"}}
Class 6 Medium truck 19501|–|26000|lb}}"GMC1"}}
Class 7 Heavy truck 26001|–|33000|lb}}"ITD1"}}
Class 8 Heavy truck 33001|lb}}+Autocar ACX, International WorkStar, Kenworth T600, Kenworth T660, Kenworth T680, Peterbilt 579, Peterbilt 389[1] - Semi-trailer trucks fall into this category
Class 9 Super-heavy / special duty truck 33001|lb}}+ Usually class 8 truck with special duty characteristics, e.g. - Autocar ACX 12x6, International WorkStar, Western Star 6900 (6900XD or 6900TS).[2][3][4][5][6]

Notes on weight classes

"Ton" rating

When light-duty trucks were first produced in the United States, they were rated by their payload capacity in tons (e.g., {{1/2}}-, {{3/4}}- and 1-ton). Over time, payload capacities for most domestic pickup trucks have increased while the ton titles have stayed the same. The now-imprecise ton rating is presently used to compare standard sizes, rather than actual capacities.

This has led to categorizing trucks similarly, even if their payload capacities are different. Therefore, the Chevrolet Colorado/GMC Canyon, Ford Ranger, Honda Ridgeline, Nissan Frontier, and Toyota Tacoma are called "quarter-ton" pickups. The Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 1500, Ford F-150, Nissan Titan, Ram 1500, and Toyota Tundra are called "half-ton" pickups ({{1/2}}-ton). The Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 2500, Ford F-250, and Ram 2500 are called "three-quarter-ton" pickups. The Cheverolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 3500, Ford F-350, and Ram 3500 are known as "one ton" pickups.

Similar schemes exist for vans and SUVs (e.g. a 1-ton Dodge Van or a {{1/2}}-ton GMC Suburban), medium duty trucks (e.g. the 1{{1/2}}-ton Ford {{Nowrap|F-450}}) and some military vehicles, like the ubiquitous deuce-and-a-half.

Class 8

The Class 8 truck gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is a vehicle with a GVWR exceeding {{gaps|33|000 lb}} {{gaps|(14|969 kg)}}.{{R|"USDOE1"}}[7] These include tractor trailer tractors as well as single-unit dump trucks of a GVWR over 33,000 lb; such trucks typically have 3 or more axles. The typical 5-axle tractor-trailer combination, also called a "semi" or "18-wheeler", is a Class 8 vehicle. Standard trailers vary in length from 8' containers to 57' van trailers, with the most common length being the 53' trailer. Specialized trailers for oversized loads can be considerably longer. Commercial operation of a Class 8 vehicle in the United States requires either a Class-B CDL for non-combination vehicles, or a Class-A CDL for combination vehicles (tractor-trailers).

The practical gross vehicle weight limit in the U.S. for Class 8 trucks is determined by per-axle weight limits set by the Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula on interstate highways. Longer 18-wheelers can weigh up to 80,000 lbs. In most states, exceptions to these limits can be made for an Oversize load but they require special permits and handling on a designated route.

Class 9/Super heavy duty

Usually classifies a heavy, special duty Class 8 truck. For example the Western Star 6900 is designed for off-highway vocations including logging, mining, and other similar applications.

Canada

Vehicle classifications vary among provinces in Canada, due to "differences in size and weight regulations, economic activity, physical environment, and other issues".{{R|"Clayton1"|page1=3}} While several provinces use their own classification schemes for traffic monitoring, Manitoba, Ontario, Prince Edward Island and Saskatchewan have adopted the 13-class system from the United States' Federal Highway Administration—sometimes with modifications, or in Ontario's case, for limited purposes.{{R|"Clayton1"|page1=3–4}}{{Update after|2013|08|09}} British Columbia and Ontario also distinguish between short- and long-combination trucks.{{R|"Clayton1"|page1=3–4}}{{Update after|2013|08|09}} In accident reporting, eight jurisdictions subdivide trucks by GVWR into light and heavy classes at approximately {{gaps|4|500 kg}} {{gaps|9|921 lb}}.{{R|"Clayton1"|page1=6}}

European Union

In the European scheme the drivers licenses are (among others) B for cars, C for trucks (lorries), D for buses, and are limited by the GVWR.

Divides into two types:

  1. appending a number to the class denotes the "light" versions of said class.
  2. appending the letter E allows for larger trailers (GTWR).
{{ubl
|Class B permits the use of vehicles with GVWRs of not more than {{gaps|3|500 kg}} and a trailer with GTWRs not exceeding {{gaps|750 kg}}, or a trailer above said limit, if the gross weight of car and trailer combined does not exceed {{gaps|3|500 kg}} (or {{gaps|4|250 kg}} after a theoretical and practical course of 7 hours).

Such vehicles are also commonly known as light commercial vehicles (LCVs), and include the Ford Transit, Mercedes-Benz Sprinter and Fiat Ducato.


|Class BE allows for trailers up to {{gaps|3|500 kg}} GTWR while driving a class B vehicle.
|Class C1 raises the GVWR limit to {{gaps|7|500 kg}} and a trailer of GTWR not exceeding {{gaps|750 kg}}.
|Class C removes the GVWR limit, but the GTWR limit for the trailer of {{gaps|750 kg}} stays.
|Class C1E allows for a class B or C1 vehicle and a trailer of more than {{gaps|750 kg}} GTWR, if the combined gross weight does not exceed {{gaps|12|000 kg}}.
|Class CE removes the trailers GTWR limit while driving a Class C vehicle.
}}

List of truck types

  • Truck (Lorry) See List of truck types{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
    • Box truck
    • Cab forward
    • Chassis cab
    • Conversion van
    • Flatbed truck
    • Logging truck
    • Panel van
    • Platform truck
    • Pickup truck
    • Sport utility vehicle
    • Tractor unit (Semi tractor)
    • Tow truck
    • Van
{{div col end}}

Gallery

See also

{{portal|Trucks}}{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
  • Car classification
  • Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)
  • Commercial vehicle
  • Curb weight
  • Driver's license
  • Gross weight:
    • Gross axle weight rating (GAWR)
    • Gross combined weight rating (GCWR)
    • Gross trailer weight rating (GTWR)
    • Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR)
  • Large goods vehicle
  • List of truck types
  • Tow hitch
  • Trailer
  • Vehicle category
{{div col end}}

References

1. ^http://www.peterbilt.com/products/on-highway/389/
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiegofreightliner.com/western-star-6900xd.htm|publisher=San Diego Freightliner|accessdate=March 20, 2017|title=Typical 6900 XD Specifications}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.silverstatetruckandtrailer.com/newtrucks/western-star-trucks/westernstar-6900XD.htm|publisher=Western Star of Las Vegas|accessdate=March 20, 2017|title=Typical 6900 XD Specifications}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westernstarofsocal.com/westernstar-6900XD.htm|publisher=Western Star of Southern California|accessdate=March 20, 2017|title=Typical 6900 XD Specifications}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lasvegas.ftlvansdealer.com/about-las-vegas-freightliner-in-north-las-vegas-nv|publisher=Las Vegas Freightliner|accessdate=March 20, 2017|title=Freightliner dealership in North Las Vegas, NV}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westernstartrucks.com/Trucks/6900/|publisher=Western Star Trucks|accessdate=March 20, 2017|title=6900}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trucktrend.com/roadtests/ultimate/163_0310_international_class_7_crew_cab |title=International Class 7 Crew Cab Pickup |publisher=Truck Trend |date=February 26, 2007 |accessdate=April 9, 2012}}
8. ^Vehicle Weight Classes & Categories from the United States Department of Energy
9. ^FHWA Vehicle Types from the United States Department of Transportation
10. ^http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/regulations/420b10039.pdf
11. ^Vehicle Weight Classifications from the United States Environmental Protection Agency
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/svsd/www/vius/products.html |title=Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey – Discontinued |publisher=Census.gov |date=June 30, 2015 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}
13. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20080313171457/http://www.ntea.com/tr/gvwr_class.asp NTEA.com – Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GAWR) by Class] (archived)
14. ^GMC TopKick 4500{{dead link|date=April 2012}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wrcog.cog.ca.us/downloads/050205%20Truck%20Type%20Appendix.pdf|accessdate=March 12, 2018|title=Appendix: Truck Types and Classes|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722152835/http://www.wrcog.cog.ca.us/downloads/050205%20Truck%20Type%20Appendix.pdf|archivedate=July 22, 2011|df=}}(archived)
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trucktrend.com/roadtests/pickup/163_0412_2005_dodge_dakota/specs_overview.html |title=2005 Dodge Dakota Specifications, Fuel Economy & Overview |publisher=Truck Trend |date=February 26, 2007 |accessdate=April 9, 2012}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://nextexitlogistics.com/class-3-4-5-truck-model-roundup/ |title=Class 3-4-5 Truck Model Roundup |publisher=Nextexitlogistics.com |date=October 22, 2014 |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}
18. ^{{Citation|url=http://changingears.com/rv-sec-tow-vehicles-classes.shtml|title=Truck Classification|publisher=Changingears.com|date=March 28, 2009|accessdate=April 9, 2012}}
19. ^{{Citation|author=Rik Hinton, Idaho Transportation Department |url=http://www.itd.idaho.gov/dmv/DriverServices/CDL.htm |title=Idaho Commercial Driver's License Program |publisher=Itd.idaho.gov |date=December 22, 2011 |accessdate=April 9, 2012}}
20. ^{{Citation|author=Save to MyGarage |url=http://www.autobytel.com/content/shared/articles/templates/index.cfm/article_page_order_int/9/article_id_int/323 |title=2005 Chicago Auto Show |publisher=Autobytel.com |date=February 10, 2005 |accessdate=April 9, 2012}}
[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]
}}

External links

  • Reducing CO2 emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles (European Union).
  • [https://www.help.gv.at/Portal.Node/hlpd/public/content/4/Seite.040150.html Source in german]

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