| 词条 | Tsukubai |
| 释义 |
In Japan, a {{nihongo|tsukubai|蹲踞}} is a washbasin provided at the entrance to holy places for visitors to purify themselves by the ritual washing of hands and rinsing of the mouth.[1] This type of ritual cleansing is the custom for guests attending a tea ceremony[1] or visiting the grounds of a Buddhist temple.[2] The name originates from the verb tsukubau meaning "to crouch"[3] or "to bow down", an act of humility.[2] Guests attending a tea ceremony crouch and wash their hands in a tsukubai set in the tea garden before entering the tearoom.[3] Tsukubai are usually of stone, and are often provided with a small ladle, ready for use.[3] A supply of water may be provided via a bamboo pipe[3] called a kakei. The famous tsukubai shown here stands in the grounds of the Ryōan-ji temple in Kyoto, and was donated by the feudal lord Tokugawa Mitsukuni.[4] The kanji written on the surface of the stone are without significance when read alone. If each is read in combination with 口 (kuchi) - the shape of the central bowl - then the characters become 吾, 唯, 足, 知 which translates literally as "I only know plenty" (吾 = ware = I, 唯 = tada = only, 足 = taru = plenty, 知 = shiru = know).[5] The underlying meaning, variously translated as "what one has is all one needs",[5] or "learn only to be content"[4] reflects the basic anti-materialistic teachings of Buddhism. References1. ^1 {{cite book | title=Must See in Kyoto | publisher=Japan Travel Bureau, Inc | year=1991 | location=Kyoto | pages=107 | isbn=4-533-00528-4}} 2. ^1 {{cite book | title=Zen and Kyoto | publisher=Uniplan Co, Inc | author=Einarsen, John | year=2004 | location=Kyoto | pages=133 | isbn=4-89704-202-X}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23738000 |title=Dictionary of Japanese Culture |last=Setsuko |first=Kojima |last2=Crane |first2=Gene A |date=1991 |publisher=Heian |isbn=0893463361 |edition= 1st American |location=Union City, CA |pages=369–70 |oclc=23738000}} 4. ^1 {{cite book | title=Zen and Kyoto | publisher=Uniplan Co, Inc | author=Einarsen, John | year=2004 | location=Kyoto | pages=90–91 | isbn=4-89704-202-X}} 5. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.stonelantern.ch/Frame_English/Zenibachi_English.htm | title=Tsukubai and Zenibachi, the Japanese Water Basins | accessdate=3 March 2016}} External links{{commons category|Tsukubai}}
3 : Chadō|Japanese gardens|Buddhist culture |
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