| 词条 | Tulcán |
| 释义 |
"Tulcan" is also an alternative spelling of tulchan{{Infobox settlement |official_name = Tulcán |native_name = |image_caption = |nickname = "Heir of the Sun, and Earth" |image_skyline = Cementerio, Tulcán, Ecuador, 2015-07-21, DD 65.JPG |image_flag = Flag of Tulcán.svg |image_seal = |image_map = |pushpin_map = Ecuador |mapsize = 200px |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Ecuador |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Carchi |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Julio Robles |established_title = |established_date = |area_total_km2 = 138.75 |area_metro_km2 = 1828.17 |area_footnotes = |population_as_of = 2010 census |population_total = 60403 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_metro = 86498 |population_demonym = Tulcaneño,-a |timezone = UTC-5 |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|0|48|42|N|77|43|7|W|region:EC_type:city(53000)_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 2980 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = EC040101-2 |area_code = (+593) 6 |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = Csb |website = {{URL|http://www.gmtulcan.gob.ec/}} {{es}} }} Tulcán ({{IPA-es|tulˈkan}}) is the capital of the province of Carchi in Ecuador and the seat of Tulcán Canton. The population of the city of Tulcán was 47,359 in the 2001 cenesus and 53,558 in the 2010 census.[1] Tulcán is known for its hot springs, deep wells, 3-acre topiary garden cemetery, the most elaborate topiary in the New World,[2] created with Cupressus sempervirens by José Maria Azael Franco in 1936. The city is the highest in Ecuador, at {{convert|2,950|m|abbr=on}} above sea level. EtymologyThe name is a Spanish derivation of the indigenous peoples' original name Hul-Can, which means "Warrior".[3] HistoryThe known history of the aboriginal occupants of this lands begins with the conquest of the Incas, who never definitively conquered this people. The northernmost outpost of the Inca Empire, according to Spanish chroniclers, was the Rumichaca Bridge, {{convert|7|km|mi}} from Tulcan on the present-day border with Colombia.[4] The Spanish, seeking gold, became interested in the Quillasinga (the name given to the land), meaning "Gold Noses".[5] Quillasinga was named without distinction of the ethnic occupants including the Pastos. Upon assuming the sovereignty for the Spanish crown, the territory was divided into provinces: Quillasinga road to Quito, Quillasinga road to Popayan, Quillasinga road to Almaguer, and Quillasinga road of the mountains. Tulcan's foundation is said to have been on June 11, 1535. With the arrival of colonists and further Spanish conquistadors, its growth increased and immediately passed to serve the Township of Otavalo, until 1600 when it passed to the township of Ibarra.{{confusing|date=December 2014}} During the colonial age it remained under the authority of the Real Audiencia de Quito, in which it increased its economic importance, until it became the most significant locality in the region.[3] IndependenceIndependence movements and proclamations sparked through the region. The independence movement in Carchi was led by Alejandro Ruano, Antonio Baca, Cecilio Arciniegas, Esteban Baca, Leandro Campiño, José María Pava, Antonio Rueda, and Ramón Montenegro. On April 14, 1814 with charges of conspiracy of fighting for independence, these men were shot in Bolivar. The population continued its rebellion and in 1820, it ratified the Declaration of Independence of 9 de Octubre. Upon Ecuador becoming a republic, Tulcán retained its importance because it became a border town.[3] Proximity to ColombiaTulcán is just {{convert|7|km|abbr=on}} from the Colombian border; the international bridge at Rumichaca which bridges the Carchi River is shared by the two countries. Tulcán is bounded on the north by the municipality of Ipiales (Colombia), on the south by the San Pedro de Huaca Canton, to the east by the Amazonian provinces of Sucumbios and to the west by the coastal province of Esmeraldas. This city is known for its civic culture and modern business, similar to that of Colombia because of its proximity to and significant trade with that country. ClimateTulcán features a Mediterranean climate (Csb) under Köppen climate classification. {{Weather box|location=Tulcán |metric first=Yes |single line=Yes |Jan high C = 16.6 |Feb high C = 16.6 |Mar high C = 16.6 |Apr high C = 16.8 |May high C = 16.7 |Jun high C = 15.9 |Jul high C = 15.3 |Aug high C = 15.6 |Sep high C = 16.4 |Oct high C = 17.0 |Nov high C = 17.1 |Dec high C = 16.8 |Jan low C = 6.4 |Feb low C = 6.6 |Mar low C = 6.7 |Apr low C = 7.0 |May low C = 6.8 |Jun low C = 6.3 |Jul low C = 5.6 |Aug low C = 5.5 |Sep low C = 5.8 |Oct low C = 6.4 |Nov low C = 6.5 |Dec low C = 7.4 |rain colour=green |Jan rain mm = 75 |Feb rain mm = 80 |Mar rain mm = 92 |Apr rain mm = 106 |May rain mm = 78 |Jun rain mm = 58 |Jul rain mm = 37 |Aug rain mm = 37 |Sep rain mm = 51 |Oct rain mm = 113 |Nov rain mm = 120 |Dec rain mm = 94 |source 1=[6]}} TransportationTulcán is very well connected in terms of land and air transport: the Panamerican Highway and Luis A. Mantilla airport are located nearby. See also
References1. ^"Tulcan, Ecuador", https://www.citypopulation.de/php/ecuador.php?cityid=040150, accessed 13 Jul 2017 2. ^According to Dr Edgar Anderson, director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, quoted in Charles B. Heiser, Jr., "Topiary in Tulcán", American Horticulturist, April 1985:28-31. 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediadelecuador.com/Indice.php?Ind=&Let=T|title=Enciclopedia del Ecuador - Efrén Avilés Pino|publisher=enciclopediadelecuador.com|accessdate=2014-01-25}} 4. ^Almeida Reyes, Dr. Eduardo (2015), "El Camino del Inca en las Sierra Norte del Ecuador y su Valoracion Turistica", Revista de Invetigacion Cientifica, No, 7, pp. 75-87 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/antropologia/frontera/quil.htm#mano|title=EL TERRITORIO QUILLACINGA I | banrepcultural.org|publisher=banrepcultural.org|accessdate=2014-01-25}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://pt.climate-data.org/location/2978/ |title=Climate Data }} External links{{commons category|Tulcán}}
4 : Populated places in Carchi Province|Colombia–Ecuador border crossings|Provincial capitals in Ecuador|1535 establishments in the Spanish Empire |
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