| 词条 | Tupolev ANT-9 | ||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Tupolev ANT-9 ({{lang-ru|Туполев АНТ-9}}) was a Soviet passenger aircraft of the 1930s. It was developed as a reaction to the demand for a domestic airliner. At this time Deruluft, one of the forerunners of Aeroflot, flew only with foreign models, which were mainly German or Dutch. Design work began in December 1927. The first prototype, named Krylia Sovietov (Wings of the Soviets) used three French Gnome-Rhone Titan radial engines. It was presented to the public on 1 May 1929 at Red Square and it went to the national flight testing, which was completed in June. In the first series 12 aircraft were built. In production, the Titan engines were replaced with M-26 engines, but these proved too unreliable and were replaced with imported Wright Whirlwind engines. Two of these airplanes were used by Deruluft, starting from 1933 on the Berlin-Moscow service. Mikhail Gromov accomplished a European round flight on the route Moscow – Travemünde – Berlin – Paris – Rome – Marseille – London – Paris – Berlin – Warsaw – Moscow with the Krylia Sovietov, which lasted from 10 July to 8 August 1929 and generated considerable publicity. It carried eight passengers over a distance of 9,037 km (5,615 mi), in 53 flying hours with an average speed of {{convert|177|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. In September 1930, testing of the Wright-powered version of the ANT-9 was completed. A few were used as executive transports for the Soviet Air Forces. A military variant with standard and retractable turrets was under construction, but was abandoned before trials began. An ambulance version was studied and considered, but never built. In 1932, GVF engineer Sergei Ivanovich Komarov proposed a modification of the ANT-9 wing to accommodate two M-17 engines, similar to what was done on the R-6. Production began in 1933 as the PS-9 ({{lang-ru|пассажирский самолёт|translit=passazhirskiy samolot|labels=no}}, passenger airplane). The number of aircraft built amounted to about 70 machines. Up to the beginning of the German invasion of the Soviet Union, they served as passenger or staff airplanes mainly on routes in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Afterwards they were used until 1943 as transportation and medical airplanes.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} One PS-9 was modified into a propaganda aircraft named Krokodil (Crocodile) with a reptile-like plywood nose. OperatorsMilitary operators
Civil operators
Accidents and incidents
Specifications (PS-9){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995[1] |crew=two |capacity=nine passengers |length main=17.01 m |length alt=55 ft 9⅔ in |span main=23.85 m |span alt=78 ft 10 in |height main=5 m[2] |height alt=16 ft 4¾ in |area main=84.0 m² |area alt=904 ft² |airfoil= |empty weight main=4,400 kg |empty weight alt=9,700 lb |loaded weight main=6,200 kg |loaded weight alt=13,668 lb |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |more general= |engine (prop)=Mikulin M-17 |type of prop=water-cooled V-12 |number of props=2 |power main=373 kW |power alt=500 hp |power original= |max speed main=215 km/h |max speed alt=117 kn, 134 mph |cruise speed main=180 km/h |cruise speed alt=97 kn, 112 mph |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main=700 km |range alt=378 nm, 435 mi |ceiling main=5,100 m |ceiling alt=16,732 ft |climb rate main=2.8 m/s |climb rate alt=550 ft/min |loading main=73.8 kg/m² |loading alt=15.1 lb/ft² |thrust/weight= |power/mass main=0.12 kW/kg |power/mass alt=0.073 hp/lb |more performance= |armament= |avionics= }} See also{{aircontent|related= |similar aircraft= |lists= |see also=
}} Notes1. ^Gunston 1995, p.391. 2. ^Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.208. References{{refbegin}}
External links{{commons category|Tupolev ANT-9}}
5 : Soviet airliners 1930–1939|Tupolev aircraft|Trimotors|High-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1929 |
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