| 词条 | Turiasauria |
| 释义 |
| name = Turiasaurs | fossil_range = Middle Jurassic - Early Cretaceous, {{fossilrange|164|125}} | image = | image_caption = | taxon = Turiasauria | authority = Royo-Torres et al., 2006 | subdivision_ranks = Genera[1] | subdivision =
}} Turiasauria is an unranked clade of basal sauropod dinosaurs known from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous deposits in Europe, North America, and Africa. DescriptionTuriasauria was originally erected by Royo-Torres et al. (2006) to include Turiasaurus, Galveosaurus and Losillasaurus, all of which hail from the Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Tithonian-Berriasian) of Spain. Turiasuria was defined by the authors as "all Eusauropoda closer to Turiasaurus riodevensis than to Saltasaurus loricatus".[4] Cladistic analysis (Royo-Torres et al., 2006; 1927) of 309 characters and 33 taxa suggests that the turiasaurians lie outside the Neosauropoda and form a monophyletic group. The clade is diagnosed by the presence of vertical neural spines, posterior centroparapohyseal laminae on the dorsal vertebrae, the absence of pre- and postspinal laminae on the dorsal vertebrae, the absence of a scapular acromial crest, the presence of a prominent humeral deltopectoral crest, medial deflection of the proximal end of the humerus, and a distinct vertical ridge on the caudal side of the distal half of the ulna. PaleobiogeographyTuriasaurs were initially considered confined to Europe, with Turiasaurus from Spain and Zby from Portugal[5], and the tooth taxa Cardiodon, Neosodon, and Oplosaurus were referred to the clade, but additional members were found in North America and Africa. Remains of a very large species of turiasaur, not yet formally identified, have recently been unearthed in Charente, West France.[6] ClassificationTuriasaurus demonstrates that the evolution of enormous body size was not restricted to neosauropod clades such as the Diplodocidae and Titanosauria, but developed independently at least once in a lineage of more basal sauropods, the turiasaurians. A 2009 thesis published by José Barco proposed that neither Galveosaurus nor Losillasaurus were turiasaurians.[7] Later, a master thesis by Francisco Gascó (2009) and Royo-Torres et al. (2009) reaffirmed the validity of Turiasauria.[8][9] References1. ^Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012) Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages, Winter 2011 Appendix. 2. ^{{cite journal |first1=L. |last1=Xing |first2=T. |last2=Miyashita |first3=P. J. |last3=Currie |first4=H. |last4=You |first5=J. |last5=Zhang |first6=Z. |last6=Dong |title=A New Basal Eusauropod from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan, China, and Faunal Compositions and Transitions of Asian Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=60 |issue=1 |date=2015 |pages=145–154 |doi=10.4202/app.2012.0151 |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4202/app.2012.0151}} 3. ^Mannion PD. 2019. A turiasaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Wealden Supergroup of the United Kingdom. PeerJ 7:e6348 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6348 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Royo-Torres|first= R. |author2=Cobos, A. |author3=Alcalá, L. |year=2006|title=A Giant European Dinosaur and a New Sauropod Clade|journal=Science|volume=314|issue=5807|pages=1925–1927 |doi=10.1126/science.1132885 |pmid=17185599}} 5. ^{{cite web |last1=Mateus |first1=Octávio |last2=Mannion |first2=Philip D. |last3=Upchurch |first3=Paul |title=Zby atlanticus, a new turiasaurian sauropod (Dinosauria, Eusauropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.822875 |website=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |pages=618–634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.822875 |date=16 April 2014}} 6. ^Allain, Ronan, editor (2017): Dinosaures. Les géants du vignoble. Angoulême: Eidola éditions, 248 p. 7. ^José Luis Barco Rodríguez, Sistemática e implicaciones filogenéticas y paleobiogeográficas del saurópodo Galvesaurus herreroi (Formación Villar del Arzobispo, Galve, España), 2009, Universidad de Zaragoza. 8. ^Gascó, F (2009): Sistemática y anatomía funcional de Losillasaurus giganteus Casanovas, Santafé & Sanz, 2001 (Turiasauria, Sauropoda). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. 9. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Royo-Torres | first1 = R. | last2 = Cobos | first2 = A. | last3 = Aberasturi | first3 = A. | last4 = Espilez | first4 = E. | last5 = Fierro | first5 = I. | last6 = González | first6 = A. | last7 = Luque | first7 = L. | last8 = Mampel | first8 = | last9 = Alcalá | first9 = L. | year = 2009 | title = High European sauropod dinosaur diversity during Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in Riodeva (Teruel, Spain) | url = | journal = Palaeontology | volume = 52 | issue = 5| pages = 1009–1027 | doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00898.x}} Sources
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4 : Jurassic dinosaurs|Cretaceous dinosaurs|Dinosaurs of Europe|Sauropods |
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