| 词条 | Turibius of Mogrovejo |
| 释义 |
| type = Bishop | honorific-prefix = Saint | name = Toribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo | title = Archbishop of Lima | image = Turibius3.JPG | alt = | caption = | church = Roman Catholic Church | archdiocese = Lima | diocese = | see = Lima | term = | appointed = 16 May 1579 | enthroned = 24 May 1581 | term_end = 23 March 1606 | predecessor = Diego Gómez de Lamadrid | successor = Bartolomé Lobo Guerrero | ordination = 1578 | ordained_by = | consecration = 23 August 1580 | consecrated_by = Cristóbal Rojas Sandoval | rank = Bishop | birth_name = Toribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo | birth_date = 16 November 1538 | death_place = Saña, Viceroyalty of Peru, Peru | death_date = {{Death date and age|1606|3|23|1538|11|16|df=y}} | birth_place = Mayorga de Campos, Kingdom of León, Habsburg Spain | buried = | resting_place_coordinates = | nationality = | religion = | residence = | parents = | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | education = | alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|University of Coimbra|University of Valladolid|University of Salamanca}} | motto = | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = | coat_of_arms_alt = | feast_day = {{unbulleted list|23 March|27 April (Former)|23 August (Episcopal Church)}} | venerated = {{unbulleted list|Roman Catholic Church|Episcopal Church|Anglican Communion}} | saint_title = | beatified_date = 2 July 1679 | beatified_place = Rome, Papal States | beatified_by = Pope Innocent XI | canonized_date = 10 December 1726 | canonized_place = Rome, Papal States | canonized_by = Pope Benedict XIII | attributes = Episcopal attire | patronage = {{unbulleted list|Peru|Lima|Latin American bishops|Native rights|Scouts|Valladolid}} | shrine = | suppressed_date = }}{{Ordination | ordained deacon by = | date of diaconal ordination = | place of diaconal ordination = | ordained priest by = | date of priestly ordination = 1578 | place of priestly ordination = | consecrated by = Cristóbal Rojas Sandoval | co-consecrators = | date of consecration = 23 August 1580 | place of consecration = Seville, Seville, Habsburg Spain | elevated by = | date of elevation = | sources = | bishop 1 = Alfonso Guerra, O.P. | consecration date 1 = 12 August 1582 | bishop 2 = Bartolomé Martinez Menacho y Mesa | consecration date 2 = 4 September 1588 | bishop 3 = Alfonso Fernández de Bonilla | consecration date 3 = 1593 | bishop 4 = Luis López de Solís, O.E.S.A. | consecration date 4 = 3 April 1594 | bishop 5 = Alonso Ramírez Vergara, O.S. | consecration date 5 = 1595 | bishop 6 = Reginaldo de Lizárraga, O.P. | consecration date 6 = 24 October 1599 | bishop 7 = Juan de La Roca | consecration date 7 = 1601 }}Saint Toribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo (16 November 1538 – 23 March 1606) was a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the Archbishop of Lima from 1579 until his death.[1] He first studied in the humanities and law before serving as a professor and later as the Grand Inquisitor at the behest of King Philip II. His piousness and learning had reached the ears of the king who appointed him to that position which was considered unusual since he had no previous government or judicial experience.[1][2] His noted work for the Inquisition earned him praise from the king who nominated him for the vacant Lima archdiocese. The pope confirmed this despite his protests.[3] Mogrovejo was ordained to the priesthood in 1578 and was later consecrated as an archbishop in 1580 before setting off for Peru to begin his mission. He was a noted and charismatic preacher who set about baptizing and catechizing to the natives while confirming almost half a million people; those included Saint Rose of Lima and Saint Martin de Porres.[1][2] The archbishop was a staunch advocate for archdiocesan reform and set to work reforming the diocesan priests from impurities and scandals while instituting new educational procedures for seminaries.[3][4] He predicted the exact date and hour he would die which would come to pass. His reputation for holiness and learning was never forgotten for it led to calls for his canonization. Pope Innocent XI beatified the late archbishop but Pope Benedict XIII was the one to canonize him as a saint on 10 December 1726.[1][3] Mogrovejo is also honored as a saint in the United States Episcopal Church and the Anglican Communion. LifeEducationToribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo was born on 16 November 1538 in the Valladolid province in Habsburg Spain to the nobles Luis Alfonso de Mogrovejo (1510–1568) and Ana de Roblès i Morán (1515–???); his sister was Grimanese de Mogrovejo i Robledo (1545–1635). He was named after Saint Toribio.[4] He was noted as a pious child with a strong devotion to the Blessed Virgin who fasted once a week in her honor and recited rosaries often.[2] He received an education befitting for a noble at the time; he entered the college at Valladolid in 1550 where he studied humanities.[1][4] He became a professor teaching law to students at the reputed college in Salamanca. His uncle Juan de Mogrovejo served as a professor there as well as at the San Salvador High School in Oviedo before King Juan III invited him to teach at the college in Coimbra. Toribio accompanied his uncle there and studied at the college in Coimbra before returning to Salamanca sometime later. His uncle died not long after he returned to Salamanca for his studies.[3] His learning and virtuous reputation led to King Philip II appointing him as the Grand Inquisitor on the Inquisition Court stationed at Granada in February 1571.[1][2] He remained in that position until 1576 but not without impressing the king with his work. EpiscopateDuring this time Philip II nominated him for the vacant Lima archbishopric despite his strong protests. He used his knowledge of canon law to remind him and the pope that priests alone could be designated with ecclesial dignities but the pope overruled him.[4] Preparations were made for him to be ordained before the formal announcement could be made.[2] he was ordained to the priesthood in 1578 in Granada (after four consecutive weeks of receiving the minor orders) and Pope Gregory XIII named him on 16 May 1579 as the Archbishop of Lima; he received his episcopal consecration in August 1580 from the Archbishop of Seville Cristóbal Rojas Sandoval.[3] In September 1580 he departed for Peru alongside his sister and her husband. The new archbishop first arrived in Paita on 12 May 1581 which was 600 miles – or 970 kilometers – from Lima. He began his new mission travelling to Lima on foot while he baptized and taught the natives. He was enthroned in his new see a week later.[3][1] His favorite topic was: "Time is not our own and we must give a strict account of it". He traversed his entire archdiocese three times on foot and alone; exposed to tempests and torrents as well as the wild beasts and tropical heat. He also had to deal with fevers and often threats from hostile tribes. He countered these all the while baptizing and confirming almost one half million people which included the future Saint Rose and Saint Martin de Porres and also Saint Francis Solano (who later became a close friend) and Blessed Juan Masías.[1] He built roads and schoolhouses as well as chapels and hospitals; he never forgot about the religious and established convents for them to live in. In 1591 founded the first seminary in the western hemisphere and mandated that learning indigenous languages was a prerequisite in their formation.[4][1] He inaugurated the first part of the third Lima Cathedral on 2 February 1604. He also assembled thirteen diocesan synods and three provincial councils during his tenure. He was seen as a champion of the rights of the natives against the Spanish masters. He learnt the local dialects for better communication with the native people and his own flock and was seen as a champion for rights and liberties despite Peruvian governors voicing opposition to him since he challenged their power and control. Mogrovejo sought the reformation of diocesan priests and found that some of their behavior had grown too scandalous to be continued. There were those priests who came to resent him for this though Francisco de Toledo supported his reform efforts and rendered assistance to the archbishop in that regard.[2] He also oversaw the Third Provincial Council from 1582 to 1583 which Philip II had requested he oversee. He served as the council's president but guided it rather than lead it; he involved himself in drafting important conciliar documents. Mogrovejo also worked to implement the decrees from the Council of Trent and made evangelization a core theme in his episcopal career.[4] He produced a trilingual catechism in Spanish as well as in the native languages Quechua and Aymara in 1584 while the council mandated confessional manuals to aid confessors while calling for preaching in indigenous languages.[1][2] The council issued a decree from the council – one he endorsed – that proscribed excommunication to those clerics who engaged in business ventures since it was known that there were some clerics who exploited the natives for work and profit. The council ended and Pope Sixtus V confirmed its decrees in 1588. He held two more provincial councils in 1591 and in 1601. Mogrovejo made three pastoral visitations that were all extensive in time. He visited each parish and would first inspect all objects for divine worship (he expected them to be in good condition) before talking to the parish priest about the life of the parish. He would then check the parish registers and then checked to see if the priest had the missal that Pope Pius V had mandated over a decade prior.[4] DeathHe predicted at some stage the exact date and hour of his death. It was in Pacasmayo during a pastoral visit that he contracted a fever but continued labouring to the last and arrived at Saña in a critical condition.[1] He dragged himself to receive the Viaticum and died not long after this on 23 March 1606 (Holy Thursday) at 3:30pm at the Saint Augustine convent. His final words were those of Jesus Christ on the Cross: "Lord, into Thy hands I commend my spirit".[2][3] His remains are interred in the archdiocesan cathedral. SainthoodHis beatification was celebrated under Pope Innocent XI in 1679 (ratified in the papal bull "Laudeamus"), and Pope Benedict XIII canonized him as a saint on 10 December 1726 through the papal bull "Quoniam Spiritus".[1] His liturgical feast was once celebrated on 27 April but is now celebrated on 23 March. His cult was once confined for the most part to South America but is now more widespread because of his pioneering reforms. Pope John Paul II proclaimed him the patron saint for the Latin American episcopate in 1983.[3] He is honored along with Saint Martin de Porres and Saint Rose of Lima with a liturgical feast on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church on 23 August. He is also venerated in the Anglican Communion. See also{{Portal bar|Biography|Catholicism|Saints|History|Spain|Peru}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{citeweb|url=https://catholicsaints.info/saint-turibius-of-mogroveio|title=Saint Turibius of Mogroveio|publisher=Saints SQPN|date=28 July 2017|accessdate=16 October 2017}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{citeweb|publisher=Tradition in Action|date=|title=St. Toribio de Mogrovejo, March 23|author=Prof. Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira|accessdate=16 October 2017|url=http://www.traditioninaction.org/SOD/j013sdSt.Toribior3-23.htm}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{citeweb|url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/26500|title=San Turibio de Mogrovejo|date=|publisher=Santi e Beati|accessdate=16 October 2017}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|url=http://www.crisismagazine.com/2014/st-toribio-de-mogrovejo-apostle-peru|date=21 August 2014|title=St. Toribio de Mogrovejo: Apostle of Peru|first=Joseph F.X. |last=Sladky|work=Crisis Magazine}} External links
|title = Archbishop of Lima |before = Diego Gómez de Lamadrid |after = Bartolomé Lobo Guerrero |years = 16 May 1579 – 23 March 1606}}{{s-end}}{{Canonization}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Turibius Of Mongrovejo}} 21 : 1538 births|1606 deaths|16th-century Christian saints|16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops|16th-century Spanish people|16th-century venerated Christians|17th-century Christian saints|17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops|17th-century Spanish people|17th-century venerated Christians|Anglican saints|Archbishops of Lima|Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XIII|Colonial Peru|Spanish Roman Catholic archbishops|Spanish Roman Catholic saints|University of Coimbra alumni|University of Salamanca alumni|University of Salamanca faculty|University of Valladolid alumni|Venerated Catholics |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。