“Turkey's membership of international organizations”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Turkey is a founding member of the United Nations,^[1] the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation),^[2] the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development^[3] and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe,^[4] a member state of the Council of Europe since 1949,^[5] and of NATO since 1952.^[6] Since 2005, Turkey is in accession negotiations with the European Union, having been an associate member since 1963.^[7] Turkey is also a member of the G20 industrial nations which brings together the 20 largest economies of the world.

Turkey entered NATO in 1952 and serves as the organization's vital eastern anchor, controlling the straits leading from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean and sharing a border with Syria, Iraq, and Iran. A NATO headquarters is located in İzmir, and the United States has maintained air forces at a Turkish base called Incirlik that is located near the Mediterranean city of Adana. Due to the 2016–17 Turkish purges and Turkey's turn to authoritarianism some consider expelling Turkey from NATO.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]

Turkey is also member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It has signed free trade agreements with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Israel, and many other countries. In 1992, Turkey and 10 other regional nations formed the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Business Council to expand regional trade and economic cooperation.

In December 2000 Turkey became an observer state of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS).^[16]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/Overview/growth.htm |title=Growth in United Nations membership (1945-2005) |author=United Nations |authorlink=United Nations |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=2006-10-30 |date=2006-07-03}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/main/member-States.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010221113320/http://www.oic-oci.org/english/main/member-States.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2001-02-21 |title=OIC Membership |author=Organisation of the Islamic Conference |authorlink=Organisation of Islamic Cooperation |publisher=OIC |accessdate=2006-10-30 |year=2006 |df= }}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.oecd.org/document/48/0,2340,en_2649_201185_1876912_1_1_1_1,00.html |title=OECD membership |author=OECD |authorlink=OECD |publisher=OECD |accessdate=2006-10-30 |year=2006}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.osce.org/about/13131.html#T |title=OSCE Participating states |author=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe |authorlink=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe |publisher=OSCE |accessdate=2006-10-30 |year=2005}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.coe.int/T/E/Com/About_Coe/Member_states/e_tu.asp#TopOfPage |title=Turkey and the Council of Europe |author=Council of Europe |authorlink=Council of Europe |publisher=Council of Europe |accessdate=2006-10-30 |date=2006-10-27 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061207073323/http://www.coe.int/T/E/Com/About_Coe/Member_states/e_tu.asp#TopOfPage |archivedate = 2006-12-07}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nato.int/multi/photos/1952/m520218a.htm |title=Greece and Turkey accede to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation |author=NATO |authorlink=NATO |publisher=NATO |accessdate=2006-10-30 |date=}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abgs.gov.tr/en/tur-eu_relations_dosyalar/chronology.htm |title=Chronology of Turkey-EU relations |author=Turkish Secretariat of European Union Affairs |authorlink= |publisher=Turkish Secretariat of European Union Affairs |accessdate=2006-10-30 |date= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224121529/http://www.abgs.gov.tr/en/tur-eu_relations_dosyalar/chronology.htm |archivedate=2007-02-24 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Erdogan's purge may give Nato no choice but to expel Turkey from the alliance|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/19/erdogans-purge-may-give-nato-no-choice-but-to-expel-turkey-from/|website=|publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=3 March 2017}}
9. ^{{cite web|last1=Wintour|first1=Patrick|title=Turkey officials to demand extradition of Fethullah Gülen from US|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/28/turkey-fethullah-gulen-extradition-coup-attempt|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=3 March 2017|date=28 July 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Will Turkey be expelled from NATO?|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/en/originals/2016/07/turkey-united-states-nato-coup-attempt.html|publisher=Al-Monitor|accessdate=3 March 2017|language=en-us|date=26 July 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303201317/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/en/originals/2016/07/turkey-united-states-nato-coup-attempt.html|archivedate=3 March 2017|df=}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=NATO and Turkey: Allies, not friends|url=http://www.dw.com/en/nato-and-turkey-allies-not-friends/a-19444991|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=3 March 2017|language=en}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Turkey's NATO membership and move to cement ties with Russia|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/columns/merve-sebnem-oruc/2016/08/11/turkeys-nato-membership-and-move-to-cement-ties-with-russia|publisher=DailySabah|accessdate=3 March 2017}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=In Opinion: Turkey should be thrown out of NATO|url=http://www.newsweek.com/turkey-should-be-thrown-out-nato-489591|publisher=Newsweek|accessdate=3 March 2017|language=en|date=13 August 2016}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=NATO members are supposed to be democratic. What happens when Turkey isn’t?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/10/13/nato-members-are-supposed-to-be-democratic-what-happens-when-turkey-isnt/|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=3 March 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web|last1=Weiss|first1=Stanley|title=It's Time to Kick Erdogan's Turkey Out of NATO|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/stanley-weiss/its-time-to-kick-erdogans_b_9300670.html|publisher=The Huffington Post|accessdate=3 March 2017|date=23 February 2016}}
16. ^Turkey donates to ACS {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813010650/http://www.acs-aec.org/PressCenter/NewsReleases/2002/nr062.htm |date=2007-08-13 }}, 21.06.2002