词条 | Tussenvoegsel |
释义 |
A tussenvoegsel ({{IPA-nl|ˈtɵsə(n)ˌvuxsəl|pron}}) in Dutch linguistics is a word that is positioned between a person's first name and the main part of the last name similar to Irish or Scottish surname prefixes, French particules or German von. The most common tussenvoegsels are "van" (as in Vincent van Gogh; see also van (Dutch)) meaning "from" and "de" (as in Greg de Vries), meaning "the". If a tussenvoegsel is present it forms an integral part of a surname, to separate it from similar Dutch surnames that include no tussenvoegsel (e.g. as in Jan de Boer versus Albert Boer and Frits de Kok versus Wim Kok). The use of tussenvoegsels differs between the Netherlands and Belgium. In the NetherlandsIn the Netherlands, these tussenvoegsels are not included when sorting alphabetically. For example, in the Dutch telephone directory the surname "De Vries" is listed under "V", not "D". Therefore, in Dutch databases tussenvoegsels are recorded separately. This often simplifies finding a Dutch surname in a Dutch database, because including the tussenvoegsel would result in many surnames being listed under "D" and "V". According to Dutch language rules, the tussenvoegsel in a surname is written with a capital letter only when it starts a sentence or is not preceded by a first name or initial. So referring to a Peter whose surname is "de Vries", it is written as "meneer De Vries" (Mr De Vries), but "Peter de Vries" and "P. de Vries". In BelgiumIn Belgium, surnames are collated with the full surname including tussenvoegsels. "De Smet" comes before "DeSmet" in a telephone book.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} Although Francophone surnames commonly also have tussenvoegsels, those are frequently contracted into the last name, turning e.g. Le Roc into Leroc or La Roche into LaRoche, thus explaining the collation preference. In contrast to Dutch orthographic rules, in Belgium tussenvoegsels always keep their original orthography, as in meneer Van Der Velde, meneer P. Van Der Velde or Peter Van Der Velde.[1] HistoryTussenvoegsels originate from the time that Dutch last names officially came into use. Many of the names are place names, which refer to cities (Van Coevorden, for example) or geographical locations (such as Van den Velde, or "of the fields"). The following list of tussenvoegsels includes approximate translations, some of which have maintained their earlier meaning more than others. Common tussenvoegselsSome common tussenvoegsels are;[2]
CombinationsCombinations of these words are also common. For example:
See also
References1. ^onzetaal.nl, Hoofdletters in eigennamen 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rijksdienstvooridentiteitsgegevens.nl/dsresource?objectid=4793&type=org |title=Home - Rijksdienst voor Identiteitsgegevens |first=Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en |last=Koninkrijksrelaties }} External links
3 : Dutch language|Dutch words and phrases|Grammar |
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