词条 | Twilight Express | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| box_width = | name = Twilight Express | logo = | logo_width = | image = Twilight Express EF81 44 20130106.jpg | image_width = 300px | caption = The Twilight Express hauled by an EF81 electric locomotive in January 2013 | type = Limited express | status = Discontinued | locale = Japan | predecessor = | first = July 1989 | last = March 2016 | successor = | operator = | formeroperator = JR West | ridership = | start = {{STN|Osaka}} | stops = | end = {{STN|Sapporo}} | distance = approx. {{convert|1,500|km|abbr=on}} | journeytime = 22-23 hours | frequency = | trainnumber = | line_used = | class = | access = | seating = | sleeping = | catering = | baggage = | otherfacilities = | stock = 24 series sleeping cars | gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}} | el = 1,500 V DC / 20 kV AC | speed = {{convert|110|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}} | map = | map_state = }} The {{nihongo|Twilight Express|トワイライトエクスプレス|Towairaitoekusupuresu}} was a limited express sleeping car train service operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) in Japan from 1989 until March 2015. It ran between the city of Sapporo on the northern island of Hokkaido and Osaka in south-western Honshu, a distance of approximately {{convert|1,500|km|abbr=on}}, with the journey taking between 22 and 23 hours. From May 2015 until March 2016, the train operated as a luxury cruise train between Osaka and Shimonoseki in western Japan. OverviewTrains for Sapporo departed Osaka at 11:50, calling at {{STN|Shin-Osaka}}, {{STN|Kyoto}}, {{STN|Tsuruga}}, {{STN|Fukui|Fukui}}, {{STN|Kanazawa}}, {{STN|Takaoka|Toyama}}, {{STN|Toyama}}, {{STN|Naoetsu}}, and {{STN|Nagaoka}}, with the final passenger pick-up made at {{STN|Niitsu}} at 19:39. The first stop in Hokkaido was at {{STN|Tōya|Tōyako}} at 07:18. The train then made four more stops before arriving at Sapporo at 09:52. The same stops were made in the reverse, with the Twilight Express departing Sapporo at 14:05 and making its final pickup at Tōya at 16:33. The first stop at Niitsu was made at 04:33, with the train eventually making its way to Kyoto at 12:15 and finally arriving at Osaka at 12:52. The Twilight Express consisted of type "A" and "B" accommodations, all specific to this particular train. A flat fee was charged for all berths, regardless of starting or ending location. The other fares, the basic fare and limited express fare, were based on distance. For tourists using the Japan Rail Pass, the basic fare did not have to be paid, although the limited express fare and room fare had to be paid. Trains departed several times per week, with more departures during holiday periods. The Nihonkai train made daily round-trip runs between Osaka and {{STN|Aomori}}, with ongoing connections to Sapporo. From 16 May 2015, the train became a luxury cruise train operating on a weekly basis between {{STN|Osaka}} and {{STN|Shimonoseki}} in the west of Japan, taking approximately 29 hours for the 829 km journey.[1] This service operated until March 2016.[2] RouteThe Twilight Express ran on the following lines: West Japan Railway Company (JR West)
2Crew change location for conductors (JR West and JR Hokkaido) The Tsugaru Kaikyō Line runs over the tracks of the Tsugaru Line, Kaikyō Line, Esashi Line, and Hakodate Main Line. FormationsJuly 1989 - December 1989The original charter train formation operating from 21 July 1989 was as follows.[3] The view from inside the "royal suite" in car 8 was obstructed by the adjacent generator van.[3]
December 1989 - July 1990From 2 December 1989, trains were formed as follows.[3]
July 1990 - March 2015From 20 July 1990, trains were lengthened to nine cars (plus a generator van), and formed as shown below.[3][4]
May 2015 - March 2016From May 2015, the following formation was used for cruise train services.[5] The "OHaNeFu 25" car was not used by passengers on these services.[5]
Rolling stockLocomotivesThree types of locomotives were used to haul the Twilight Express service:[6]
Coaches{{As of|2014|10}}, three 9-car 24 series trainsets were used on Twilight Express services, formed as follows.[4] The former coach numbers and conversion dates are shown below the current running numbers.[4]
Four generator vans, numbered "KaNi 24 10, 12, 13, and 14", were used with the Twilight Express trainsets.[4] TimetableThe train timetable {{As of|2011|03|lc=y}} was as follows. For the Osaka departure to Sapporo, read down. For the Sapporo departure to Osaka, read up. Stations that were not used for passenger pick-up or drop-off are in italics.
HistoryThe Twilight Express first ran on 18 July 1989 from Osaka to Sapporo and back as a special preview run for invited passengers.[7] From 21 July, it began operating as a charter service.[7][8] A second rake of coaches was introduced from December 1989, allowing operation as a seasonal service.[8] "A"-type sleeping cars were added to the formations between 1990 and 1991, and the formations were extended to 10 cars (including generator car).[8] In April 1991, a third rake of coaches was introduced, allowing daily operations during busy seasons.[8] The coaches underwent a program of interior refurbishment between 2001 and 2002.[8] WithdrawalTwilight Express services were discontinued from March 2015, with the final services departing from both Osaka and Sapporo on 12 March, arriving at their destinations the following day.[9]Special Twilight Express cruise trainFrom 16 May 2015, the train became a luxury cruise train named the {{Nihongo|Special Twilight Express|特別なトワイライトエクスプレス}} operating on a weekly basis between {{STN|Osaka}} and {{STN|Shimonoseki}} in the west of Japan.[1] This operated until March 2016, with the last service departing from Osaka on 19 March, returning on 22 March.[2] Future developmentsIn June 2017, JR West introduced a new luxury sleeping-car excursion train named Twilight Express Mizukaze, continuing the name and brand established by the Twilight Express train service.[10] PreservationFormer Twilight Express Class EF81 electric locomotive EF81 103 is exhibited at the Kyoto Railway Museum, which opened in April 2016, together with four former Twilight Express 24 series coaches, sleeping car SuRoNeFu 25-501, dining car SuShi 24-1, lounge car OHa 25-551, and generator van KaNi 24-12.[11] In popular cultureThe Twilight Express formed the main backdrop for the TBS TV drama {{Nihongo|Terminus: Love on the Twilight Express|終着駅-トワイライトエクスプレスの恋}}, starring Kōichi Satō and Miho Nakayama, and broadcast on 20 March 2012.[12] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url= http://mainichi.jp/select/news/20150516k0000e040177000c.html|script-title= ja: JR西:「トワイライト」が豪華に復活 出発式、大阪駅で|trans-title= JR West revives Twilight in luxury, with departure ceremony at Osaka Station|date= 16 May 2015|work= Mainichi Shimbun|publisher= The Mainichi Newspapers|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150516042526/http://mainichi.jp/select/news/20150516k0000e040177000c.html|archivedate= 2015-05-16|accessdate= 16 May 2015|deadurl= yes|df= }} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url= |script-title=ja: 「特別な“トワイライトエクスプレス”」の運転終了 |trans-title="Special Twilight Express" service ends|date= 23 March 2016|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= Japanese}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite magazine|last = Ikeguchi|first = Eiji |script-title=ja: トワイライト&北斗星の四半世紀|trans-title=Twilight & Hokutosei Quarter Century|magazine=Japan Railfan Magazine |volume = 55|issue = 647 |pages =16–30 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = Japanese |date = March 2015}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite magazine|script-title=ja:"トワイライトエクスプレス"用客車の概要|trans-title=Outline of "Twilight Express" coaches|magazine=Japan Railfan Magazine |volume = 54|issue = 644 |pages =38–45 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language= Japanese |date = December 2014}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/?05190900 |script-title=ja: 『特別な「トワイライトエクスプレス」』運転 |trans-title=Special Twilight Express run|date= 18 May 2015|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 19 May 2015}} 6. ^{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR新幹線&特急列車ファイル |trans-title=JR Shinkansen & Limited Express Train File|publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun |date = 2008 |location = Japan |page = 126|isbn = 978-4-330-00608-6}} 7. ^1 {{cite magazine|last = Kishi|first = Kenji|script-title=ja: 「トワイライトエクスプレス」25年間の概括|trans-title=25 years of the "Twilight Express"|magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine |volume = 44|issue = 370 |pages =4–15 |publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun |location = Japan |language= Japanese |date = 2015}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url= https://www.westjr.co.jp/press/article/2014/05/page_5700.html |script-title=ja:寝台特急「トワイライトエクスプレス」の運行終了について |trans-title=Discontinuation of Twilight Expres sleeping car service|date=28 May 2014 |work= Press release |publisher= West Japan Railway Company |location= Japan|language= Japanese |accessdate= 28 May 2014}} 9. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.sankei.com/west/news/150303/wst1503030059-n1.html|script-title=ja:「トワイライト」列車廃止後も客車は存続へ 〝ランチクルーズトレイン〟など団体臨時列車として活用検討 JR西|trans-title=Coaches to be used even after Twilight Express discontinuation - JR West considers seasonal "Lunch Cruise Train" charters |date= 3 March 2015|work= Sankei West|publisher= The Sankei Shimbun & Sankei Digital |location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 4 March 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web |url= http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2015/02/19/416/|script-title=ja: JR西日本「TWILIGHT EXPRESS 瑞風」トワイライトエクスプレスの伝統を継承|trans-title=JR West "Twilight Express Mizukaze" continues the tradition of the Twilight Express|date= 19 February 2015|work= Mynavi News|publisher= Mynavi Corporation|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 19 February 2015}} 11. ^{{cite magazine|script-title=ja: 京都鉄道博物館 |trans-title=Kyoto Railway Museum |magazine = Japan Railfan Magazine |volume = 56|issue = 662 |pages = 52–53 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = Japanese |date = June 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web |url= http://tv.yahoo.co.jp/meta/33110/|script-title=ja: 終着駅-トワイライトエクスプレスの恋|trans-title=|year= 2012 |work= Yahoo Japan TV |publisher= Yahoo Japan Corporation|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312125637/http://tv.yahoo.co.jp/meta/33110/|archivedate=2015-03-12|dead-url= yes|accessdate= 12 March 2015}} External links{{Commons category}}
7 : West Japan Railway Company|Named passenger trains of Japan|Night trains of Japan|1989 establishments in Japan|Railway services introduced in 1989|2016 disestablishments in Japan|Railway services discontinued in 2016 |
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