词条 | Twist-beam rear suspension |
释义 |
| align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220 | image1 = Torsion beam 1.jpg | image2 = Torsion beam 2.jpg | footer = Twist-beam rear suspension of a Volkswagen Golf Mk3 }} The twist-beam rear suspension (also torsion-beam axle or deformable torsion beam) is a type of automobile suspension based on a large H or C shaped member. The front of the H attaches to the body via rubber bushings, and the rear of the H carries each stub-axle assembly, on each side of the car. The cross beam of the H holds the two trailing arms together, and provides the roll stiffness of the suspension, by twisting as the two trailing arms move vertically, relative to each other. FunctioningThe coil springs usually bear on a pad alongside the stub-axle. Often the shock is colinear with the spring, to form a coilover. In many cases the damper is also used as a restraint strap to stop the arm descending so far that the coil spring falls out through being completely unloaded. This location gives them a very high motion ratio compared with most suspensions, which improves their performance, and reduces their weight.{{cn|date=December 2016}} The longitudinal location of the cross beam controls important parameters of the suspension's behaviour, such as the roll steer curve and toe and camber compliance. The closer the cross beam to the axle stubs the more the camber and toe changes under deflection. A key difference between the camber and toe changes of a twist beam vs independent suspension is the change in camber and toe is dependent on the position of the other wheel, not the car's chassis. In a traditional independent suspension the camber and toe are based on the position of the wheel relative to the body. With twist-beam if both wheels compress together their camber and toe will not change. Thus if both wheels started perpendicular to the road and are compressed together they will stay perpendicular to the road. The camber and toe changes are the result of one wheel being compressed relative to the other.[1] This suspension is commonly used on a wide variety of front wheel drive cars (mainly compacts and subcompacts), and was almost ubiquitous on European superminis. Rear torsion-beam axles were introduced and popularised by Volkswagen when they changed from rear engined RR layout cars to front wheel drive FF layout cars in the 1970s.[2] The design was applied in the Audi 50 / Volkswagen Polo, Volkswagen Golf and Scirocco, all introduced in 1974.[3] This suspension is usually described as semi-independent, meaning that the two wheels can move relative to each other, but their motion is still somewhat inter-linked, to a greater extent than in a true independent rear suspension (IRS). This can mildly compromise the handling and ride quality of the vehicle. For this reason, some manufacturers have changed to different linkage designs. As an example, Volkswagen dropped the twist-beam in favour of a true IRS for the Volkswagen Golf Mk5, possibly in response to the Ford Focus' Control Blade rear suspension as well as the Hyundai Elantra (HD) or newer and Hyundai i30. General Motors in Europe Vauxhall/Opel have continued to use twist- or torsion- beam suspension. This is at a cost saving of €100 per car compared to multi-link rear suspension.[4] Their latest version as used in the 2009-on Opel Astra uses a Watts linkage at a cost of €20 to address the drawbacks and provide a competitive and cost effective rear suspension.[4] The Renault Megane and Citroen C4 also have stayed with the twist beam.[5] Advantages
Disadvantages
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worldautosteel.org/uploaded/ULSAS_EngRpt_Twistbeam_Design.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-11-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710095049/http://www.worldautosteel.org/uploaded/ULSAS_EngRpt_Twistbeam_Design.pdf |archivedate=2010-07-10 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Allen|first1=James|title=Torsion-beam suspension|journal=Automotive Engineer|date=December 2014|page=9}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Crolla |first=David |date=2015 |title=Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering |url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=ANfdCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2004&lpg=PA2004&dq=torsion-beam+suspension+audi-50&source=bl&ots=gzrgIcUh_i&sig=IWFpQIcfuAdYqUbzNZmitw57tP4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-4c299N_XAhVPKuwKHawPAxcQ6AEINjAF#v=onepage&q=torsion-beam%20suspension%20audi-50&f=false |location= |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |page=2003 |isbn=9780470974025 |author-link= }} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.richardaucock.com/astra-suspension-by-automotive-engineer/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-09-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413154837/http://www.richardaucock.com/astra-suspension-by-automotive-engineer/ |archivedate=2014-04-13 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://ae-plus.com/focus/vehicle-dynamics-and-chassis-a-new-leaf |title=Automotive engineer |website=Ae-plus.com |date=2010-12-01 |accessdate=2016-12-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103014704/http://ae-plus.com/focus/vehicle-dynamics-and-chassis-a-new-leaf |archivedate=2016-11-03 |df= }} External links
1 : Automotive suspension technologies |
随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。