| 词条 | Tébessa |
| 释义 |
|name = Tebessa |type = City |native_name = تبسة |native_name_lang = ar |nickname = |image_skyline = Tébessa-Porte Caracala.jpg |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Dz - 12 - Tébessa.svg |mapsize = 180px |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Algeria |pushpin_label_position = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Algeria}} |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Tébessa Province |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = Tebessa |leader_title = |leader_name = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 14,227 |population_as_of = 2007 |population_note = |population_total = 634,332 |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |coordinates = {{coord|35|24|N|8|7|E|region:DZ-12_type:city|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m=858 |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = BSk |website = |footnotes = }} Tébessa or Tebessa ({{lang-ar|تبسة}} Tibissa, Berber:{{nbsp}}{{lang|ber|ⵜⴱⴻⵙⴰ}}, Tbessa or Tibesti), the classical Theveste, is the capital city of Tébessa Province in the Shawi region of Algeria, {{convert|20|km|sp=us|abbr=on}} west of its Tunisian border. There is a phosphate mine nearby and the city is known for its traditional Algerian carpets. Tébessa was home to over 634,332 people in 2007. {{anchor|Names|Etymology}}NameTebessa, written {{lang|fr|Tébessa}} in French, was known to the ancient Greeks as Thebéstē ({{lang|grc|Θεβέστη}}) or Hekatompýlē ({{lang|grc|Ἑκατομπύλη}}, "Hundred Gates"). This was latinized as Theveste. History{{main|Theveste}}In antiquity, Theveste formed part of the Roman empire{{nbsp}}{{sc|bc}}. After the establishment of the Roman Empire, the 3rd Augustan Legion was based in Theveste before being transferred to Lambaesis. Theveste later became a Roman colony, probably under Trajan in the early 2nd century. At the time of Trajan, it was a flourishing city with around 30,000 inhabitants. The ruins surviving in present-day Tebessa are very rich in ancient monuments, among them being a triumphal arch of Caracalla, a Roman temple, and a Christian basilica of the 4th century. There is mention of a council held there by the Donatists. Among its saints were its bishop Lucius, who assisted at the 256 Council of Carthage and died as a martyr two years later; Maximilianus, martyred 12 March 295; Crispina, martyred 5 December 304. Some of its other bishops are known: Romulus in 349; Urbicus in 411; Felix exiled by the Vandals in 484; Palladius mentioned in an inscription. During the 4th and 5th century, Theveste was a hotbed of Manichaeism as well. In June 1918, a Latin codex of 26 leaves written by the Manichaeans was discovered in a cave near the city. A month later, Henri Omont found its other 13 initial leaves. The whole book is now known as the Tebessa codex and is kept in Cologne. It has been edited by Markus Stein. Theveste was rebuilt by the patrician Solomon at the beginning of the reign of {{nowrap|Justinian I.}} Solomon built his own tomb in Theveste, Main sights
ClimateTébessa has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk), with hot, fairly dry summers and mild, somewhat wetter winters. {{Weather box|width=auto|location = Tébessa |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 24.0 |Feb record high C = 30.1 |Mar record high C = 32.0 |Apr record high C = 32.4 |May record high C = 40.6 |Jun record high C = 41.3 |Jul record high C = 42.5 |Aug record high C = 43.0 |Sep record high C = 40.0 |Oct record high C = 37.3 |Nov record high C = 31.0 |Dec record high C = 27.0 |Jan high C = 11.7 |Feb high C = 13.5 |Mar high C = 15.7 |Apr high C = 19.2 |May high C = 24.6 |Jun high C = 30.7 |Jul high C = 34.2 |Aug high C = 33.3 |Sep high C = 28.6 |Oct high C = 22.6 |Nov high C = 16.5 |Dec high C = 12.9 |Jan mean C = 6.4 |Feb mean C = 7.7 |Mar mean C = 9.5 |Apr mean C = 12.6 |May mean C = 17.4 |Jun mean C = 22.5 |Jul mean C = 25.4 |Aug mean C = 24.9 |Sep mean C = 21.2 |Oct mean C = 16.1 |Nov mean C = 10.7 |Dec mean C = 7.5 |Jan low C = 1.1 |Feb low C = 1.9 |Mar low C = 3.4 |Apr low C = 5.9 |May low C = 10.0 |Jun low C = 14.2 |Jul low C = 16.5 |Aug low C = 16.4 |Sep low C = 13.7 |Oct low C = 9.5 |Nov low C = 4.8 |Dec low C = 2.0 |Jan record low C = -8.0 |Feb record low C = -6.6 |Mar record low C = -6.0 |Apr record low C = -4.0 |May record low C = 0.0 |Jun record low C = 3.0 |Jul record low C = 8.9 |Aug record low C = 8.0 |Sep record low C = 2.0 |Oct record low C = -1.0 |Nov record low C = -3.4 |Dec record low C = -11.0 |Jan precipitation mm = 27.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 30.3 |Mar precipitation mm = 44.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 30.6 |May precipitation mm = 36.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 31.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 11.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 25.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 29.4 |Oct precipitation mm = 23.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 29.0 |Dec precipitation mm = 23.6 |Jan humidity = 75.1 |Feb humidity = 70.8 |Mar humidity = 65.0 |Apr humidity = 64.1 |May humidity = 58.7 |Jun humidity = 49.6 |Jul humidity = 43.9 |Aug humidity = 48.3 |Sep humidity = 61.6 |Oct humidity = 64.9 |Nov humidity = 72.2 |Dec humidity = 74.7 |source 1 = NOAA (1970–1990)[1] |source 2 = climatebase.ru (extremes, humidity)[2] |date=February 2013}} TransportationTébessa is connected by road and rail with the other parts of both Algeria and Tunisia. It is served by Tébessa Airport for air transport. ReferencesCitations1. ^{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/AL/60475.TXT |title=Climate Normals for Tebessa |accessdate=11 February 2013}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://climatebase.ru/station/60475/?lang=en |title=Tebessa, Algeria |publisher=Climatebase.ru |accessdate=11 February 2013}} Bibliography
External links
7 : Archaeological sites in Algeria|Populated places in Tébessa Province|Communes of Algeria|Province seats of Algeria|Roman amphitheaters in Africa Proconsularis|Roman legionary fortresses in Algeria|Roman fortifications in Mauretania Caesariensis |
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