| 词条 | Tōyō Miyatake |
| 释义 |
| name = Tōyō Miyatake | image = Manzanar portrait Toyo Miyatake 00100u.jpg | caption = portrait of Tōyō Miyatake by Ansel Adams, 1943 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth year|1895}} | birth_place = Kagawa, Shikoku, Japan | death_date = 1979 (aged 84) | death_place = Los Angeles County, California, United States of America | occupation = Photographer }} Tōyō Miyatake (宮武東洋,[1] Miyatake Tōyō; 1895–1979) was a Japanese American photographer, best known for his photographs documenting the Japanese American people and the Japanese American internment at Manzanar during World War II. LifeMiyatake was born in Kagawa, Shikoku in Japan in 1895. In 1909 he migrated to the United States to join his father. He settled in the Little Tokyo section of Los Angeles, California.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} With an interest in arts — most notably photography, which he studied under Harry K. Shigeta[2] — Miyatake began associating with the local arts community. In 1923 he bought his photo studio. Miyatake encouraged fellow photographer Edward Weston to exhibit his work and Miyatake is credited as giving Weston his first gallery showing.[3] At the time Miyatake met his future wife, his brother was courting her. He began spending time with Hiro under the guise that he was using her as a model. His brother was crushed; it is said that he "died of a broken heart" at an early age.{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}} Before World War II, Miyatake's photography won awards{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}} as he photographed various personalities. During World War II Miyatake was incarcerated at Manzanar in the Owens Valley. He smuggled a camera lens into the camp and constructed a camera body from wood. The pictures he secretly took at the camp are among the relatively few that show the plight of the U.S. citizen inmates.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} After the war, the family returned to Los Angeles, where their home had been entrusted to some of their white friends during the incarceration. Unlike many families who lost their homes, the Miyatakes were able to resume their life and provide shelter to a few less fortunate incarcerees and their families. In post-war Little Tokyo, many residents were unable to afford Miyatake's services and some opted instead to barter goods to have him photograph weddings and portraits. With his wife Hiro running the front office, she once negotiated his services for a Steinway piano and another time, she negotiated for a litter of poodles.{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}} After the death of his wife, Hiro, in 1971, Miyatake moved from his home on Third Street in East Los Angeles to live in neighboring Monterey Park with his daughter and her family.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} He remained active in the studio throughout this period. In the early morning, Miyatake could be seen walking around Monterey Highlands Elementary School for exercise. The last image he captured on film was taken at this park. The film was discovered and processed after his death.{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}} Before his death in 1979, Miyatake and Ansel Adams produced a book, Two Views of Manzanar, a compilation of their photographs during the incarceration.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} Miyatake's cremated remains are buried at Evergreen Cemetery in Boyle Heights; a portion of his remains are stored in the Koyasan Buddhist Temple in Little Tokyo.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} Children and grandchildrenAll of Miyatake's children were involved in photography and the family business. Archie, the eldest son, ran the family studio after Tōyō's death in 1979. Robert Miyatake worked in the studio and later opened his own photographic color lab in South Pasadena, California. Richard (Tabo) worked in the family studio as well and left to work in photographic production. Youngest child and only daughter, Minnie, also worked in the studio performing clerical and business-related duties and currently serves on the Board of Trustees at Koyasan Buddhist Temple, where her father's remains are stored. Miyatake's grandson continues the family business to this day.[4] Toyo Miyatake StudioThe Toyo Miyatake Studio moved in 1985 to San Gabriel, California, where it still operates today. The studio is now managed by grandson, Alan Miyatake.[5] Personal lifeOne of Miyatake's prized possessions was his white 1957 Ford Thunderbird, which now belongs to his youngest grandson, Mark Takahashi.{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}} Miyatake was easily recognizable in Little Tokyo, wearing his trademark black beret and bowtie.{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}} In cultureIn the TV movie Farewell to Manzanar, Pat Morita portrays Zenahiro, a character based on Miyatake.{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}} LegacyIn 2002, Robert A. Nakamura made the film, Toyo Miyatake: Infinite Shades of Gray, documenting the photographer's life and work.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} In 2009, the film, Toyo's Camera was released, documenting the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II through the perspective of the photographer's images. Narrated by George Takei, music by Kitaro.[6] His 1929 photograph of Michio Ito appeared on the cover of the Whitney Museum's Spring 2016 gallery guide.[7] Books by Miyatake
Notes1. ^Biographic Dictionary of Japanese Photography also gives 宮武東洋男, but does not give the reading of this, or say which was registered as his legal name. 2. ^Biographic Dictionary of Japanese Photography. 3. ^Judith Fryer Davidov, Women's Camera Work: Self/body/other in American Visual Culture (Duke Univ. Press, 1998), p. 465 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.janm.org/collections/people/toyo-miyatake-studio/|title=Toyo Miyatake Studio - Collections - Japanese American National Museum|publisher=}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.toyomiyatake.com/|title=Toyo Miyatake Studios|publisher=}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.toyoscamera.com/|title=メイクで簡単にニキビ跡消す方法|publisher=}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }} 7. ^Whitney Museum Guide, Whitney Museum, New York City, Spring 2016 References
External links
8 : 1895 births|1979 deaths|American people of World War II|20th-century American photographers|Japanese-American internees|Artists from Kagawa Prefecture|Japanese emigrants to the United States|Burials at Evergreen Cemetery, Los Angeles |
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