“Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of the Holy Family of London”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of the Holy Family of London ({{lang-uk|Єпархія Пресвятої Родини у Лондоні}}; {{lang-la|Eparchia Sanctae Familiae Londiniensis}}) is the eparchy (bishopric) for Ukrainian Greek Catholics in Great Britain. It is one of two Eastern Rite Catholic dioceses in Great Britain, along with the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Great Britain.

Unlike many other nations outside Ukraine to which the Ukrainian diaspora have emigrated, such as Canada and Australia, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Great Britain did not have eparchal status (equivalent to diocesan status in the Latin Church) until 18 January 2013, when the apostolic exarchate was promoted. Due to the comparatively small number of faithful in the eparchy, in comparison with Latin Catholic dioceses in Britain there are fewer services, such as schools and care centres, provided.

History

Antecedents

Since the late 19th century many Ukrainians have migrated to England, most notably to London and the Red Bank area of Manchester.^[1] These migrants have been known as 'old immigrants', or stari emihranty.

After the Second World War more migrants came to the British Isles{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} from Eastern Europe, among them numerous Ukrainian Catholics, as most of the Ukrainian immigrants were from Western Ukraine. Initially, many of the Eastern European Catholics worshipped in industrial hostels, as these were common locations where immigrants found cheaper accommodation. Some also worshipped in local Latin Church parish churches, but not in their Byzantine liturgy.

However, eventually, Ukrainian Catholics were able to organize worship in their own Byzantine liturgy, often in the local Latin Church parish church. In Coventry, by 1948, the Church of Christ the King in Coundon started having Ukrainian Catholic services. These were soon transferred to St Elizabeth Church in Foleshill.{{sfn|Stephens|1969|pp=368–371}} In 1957, the Apostolic Exarchate was established for Ukrainian Catholics in England and Wales.

Apostolic Exarchate

The eparchy was erected on 10 June 1957 as an apostolic exarchate for the faithful of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in England and Wales. On 12 May 1968 the exarchate's remit was extended to the whole of Great Britain, including Scotland (not Northern Ireland).

By 1959, over 700 Ukrainian Catholics had registered themselves in Coventry. In the Midlands, there was a Ukrainian Catholic priest celebrating Ukrainian-rite services for the Ukrainian faithful in Coventry, as well as in Rugby, Gloucester, Bristol, Birmingham and Cheltenham.

With the help of Cardinal John Heenan, Bishop Hornyak was able to secure the King's Weigh House, a former Congregational chapel,^[2] to serve as the Apostolic Exarchate's cathedral church - the Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Family in Exile in London.

In the 1990s, after Ukraine declared its independence, a period of economic difficulties followed, and many Ukrainians emigrated to Western Europe. This caused an increase in the number of Ukrainian Catholic faithful in Great Britain.^[3]

Eparchy

On 18 January 2013 the Exarchate was elevated in the rank of the Eparchy (full bishopric) by Pope Benedict XVI.^[4]

The Ukrainian Catholic church in Wolverhampton was included as part of a video series by English Heritage on faith buildings in England.^[5]

Statistics

The number of faithful in the Eparchy (diocese) numbers 10,000. There are 12 parishes regularly served, 14 diocesan priests, 3 religious priests, 3 male religious and 3 female religious.^[6]

Charitable status

The Eparchy (formerly Apostolic Exarchate) for Ukrainian Catholics in Great Britain is a registered charity with the Charity Commission in England and Wales, under charity number 240088. It was first registered as a charity on 9 July 1965. Its stated aim is 'the advancement of religion at discretion of the bishop and his successors in title or the head of the Ukrainian Catholic Church in Great Britain'.^[7]

Division over views on a Kiev Patriarchate

There has, for a long time, been different views among Ukrainian Catholics on the idea of a Kievan Patriarchate, replacing the Major Archdiocese.{{sfn|Sulyk|2004|p=402}}

Augustine Hornyak, the first apostolic exarch, was known to have sided with those who did not believe that it would be appropriate for the Major Archbishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Church – who was then Cardinal Josyf Slipyj – to be commemorated as Patriarch until the Pope would agree to elevate the Major Archdiocese to a Patriarchate.{{sfn|Sulyk|2004|p=403}}

Since most of the faithful in the Apostolic Exarchate were patriotic and nationalist veterans of the Ukrainian Army, which was created in resistance to the German occupational forces, most supported the idea of a Patriarchate. They were therefore disappointed by the Bishop Hornyak's decision. Many showed their opposition through withholding their donations to the Church. A few Ukrainian Catholic priests came from Rome and began to celebrate Divine Liturgy privately in the faithful's homes commemorating the Major Archbishop as Patriarch – an act which angered Bishop Hornyak.

However, some people chose even more extreme methods of expressing their disagreement with Bishop Hornyak. For example, on 18 December 1977, when Bishop Hornyak went to Gloucester to open the new Ukrainian Catholic church, he was met by around 500 demonstrators who ignored the police cordon line and attacked him, bruising his face and crushing his glasses. This forced him to retreat back into his car.^[8]{{sfn|Hebblethwaite|1986|p=133}}

Stephen Sulyk, Archbishop Metropolitan Emeritus for Ukrainian Catholics in Philadelphia, wrote in his autobiography, I Am With You Always, that Bishop Hornyak was eventually forced into retirement due to pressure from the Patriarchal Organization – which advocated a Kievan Patriarchate – and the Major Archbishop of Lviv, Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky (Sulyk's predecessor) unfairly due to his backing of Vatican policies. However, many supporting the creation of a Kievan Patriarchate viewed Bishop Hornyak's retirement as a good sign.{{sfn|Sulyk|2004|p=403}}

List of former hierarchs

When the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in England and Wales was first established in 1957, it was administered by the then Archbishop of Westminster, Cardinal William Godfrey. Bishop Augustine Hornyak was ordained as auxiliary bishop in 1961. Upon the death of Cardinal Godfrey in 1963, Augustine Hornyak was elevated to Apostolic Exarch for Ukrainians in England and Wales. In 1968, with the enlargement of the Apostolic Exarchate to include Scotland as well, Bishop Hornyak became the first Apostolic Exarch for Ukrainians in Great Britain. He has been succeeded by two other bishops.

On 2 June 2009, Pope Benedict XVI named Bishop Hlib Lonchyna, M.S.U., who had been an auxiliary to Cardinal Lubomyr Husar in Kyiv-Halych, as Apostolic Administrator of Great Britain and Apostolic Visitor in Ireland, which for all intents and purposes made him the new ordinary. In 2011, he was appointed Apostolic Exarch, and with the elevation of the Exarchate to the status of an Eparchy, Lonchyna became her first eparchial bishop.

Cathedral church

Named for the Holy Family, the Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Family in Exile - seat of the Eparch (Bishop) - is situated in Mayfair, London, and has a regular congregation of around 1000 parishioners. Currently, the clergy at the cathedral consist of the eparchial secular priests and priestly monks of the Order of St Basil the Great.

Ukrainian Greek Catholic parish churches in Great Britain