词条 | Ulmus 'Crispa' |
释义 |
| name = Ulmus 'Crispa' | image = File:Ulmus 'Crispa', Serafimerparken, Stockholm.jpg | image_caption = 'Crispa', Serafimerparken, Stockholm, 2011[1] | genus = Ulmus | cultivar = 'Crispa' | origin = Europe }} The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Crispa' [:'curled', the leaf margin], sometimes known as the Fernleaf Elm, arose before 1800[2] and was first listed by Willdenow as U. crispa (1809).[3] Audibert listed an U. campestris Linn. 'Crispa', orme à feuilles crépues [:'frizzy-leaved elm'], in 1817,[4] and an Ulmus urticaefolia [:'nettle-leaved elm'] in 1832;[5] the latter is usually taken to be a synonym.[6] Loudon considered the tree a variety of U. montana (1838).[6] In the 19th century, Ulmus × hollandica cultivars, as well as those of Wych Elm, were often grouped under Ulmus montana.[8][7][8] Elwes and Henry (1913) listed 'Crispa' as a form of wych elm, but made no mention of the non-wych samara (see 'Description').[9] Hanham (1857) noted that in his day concave-leaved Field Elm, U. campestris concavaefolia, was frequently mistaken for and sold as 'Crispa' in nurseries, "though there is a wide difference between them".[10] The Louis van Houtte nursery used the synonym Ulmus campestris adiantifolia for 'Crispa',[6] and Ulmus campestris crispa for the cultivar 'Webbiana'.[11] The Baudriller nursery of Angers went one step further, listing Ulmus campestris adiantifolia, orme à feuilles de capillaire [:'downy-leaved elm'], separately from both Ulmus campestris crispa, orme à feuilles crispées [:'wrinkled leaved elm'] and Ulmus campestris webbiana, orme de Webb.[12] Koch, noting similarities between 'Crispa' and Ulmus montana rugosa, conjectured (1872) that the latter cultivar, which has "similar but less frizzy leaves", may have arisen from the former.[13]Description'Crispa' is a slow-growing tree with pendulous branches bearing narrow, linear to oblanceolate leaves up to 9 cm long by 3.5 cm broad, distinctively wrinkled and with numerous incised curved teeth.[14][15] Hanham (1857), concurring with Loudon (1838), described it as "generally of a slender and stunted habit of growth",[10] and Henry (1913) as a small tree;[16] mature specimens in Sweden, however, have attained a height comparable to the type.[17] The seed is near the apex (margin) of the samara,[18][19] confirmed from specimens in The Netherlands – a diagnostic feature which points to hybridity. The petiole is variable – short on thick twigs, but longer and unwych-like on more slender twigs.[19][20][21] Pests and diseases'Crispa' is susceptible to Dutch elm disease. Cultivation'Crispa' was once to be found in collections in Britain, including Kew,[9] the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh,[22] and the Royal Victoria Park, Bath.[10] A specimen obtained from Späth as U. montana crispa and planted in 1916, stood in the Ryston Hall arboretum, Norfolk,[23] in the early 20th century.[24] Only one mature tree is now known to survive in the UK, at the Rosemoor Garden in Devon. Specimens survive in Sweden (see 'Notable trees') and Latvia. As 'Crispa' was marketed in Poland in the 19th century by the Ulrich nursery,[25] Warsaw, and by the Späth nursery of Berlin,[26] other specimens may survive elsewhere in Eastern Europe. The Hesse Nursery of Weener, Germany, distributed the tree as U. campestris urticifolia Hort. in the 1930s.[27] The tree remains in cultivation in Europe (see 'Nurseries'). The tree was introduced to the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada in 1896 as U. montana crispa (syn. U. campestris urticaefolia).[28] 'Crispa' appeared as U. urticifolia, 'Nettle-leaved elm' with "undulating leaves", in Kelsey's 1904 catalogue, New York.[29] It was listed by nurseries in Australia in the early 20th century; there are no records of any survivors there.[30] Notable treesLarge specimens survive in Sweden, in Krusenburg near Uppsala, and in Stockholm (Hantverkargatan and two in Serafimerparken) (2017).[31][32] Varieties
Synonymy
Accessions
Nurseries
References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Lagerstedt|first1=Lars|title=Märkesträd i Sverige - 10 Almar|journal=Lustgården|date=2014|volume=94|pages=55,62,71|url=http://www.dendrologerna.se/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Lustgarden-2014.pdf#page=54|accessdate=15 May 2018|trans-title=Notable trees in Sweden - 10 Elms}} 2. ^Krüssmann, Gerd, Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs (1984 vol. 3) 3. ^{{cite book|title=Enumeratio plantarum horti regii botanici Berolinensis|first=Carl Ludwig|last=Willdenow|authorlink=Carl Ludwig Willdenow|year=1809|pages=295|url=https://archive.org/stream/enumeratioplant00willgoog#page/n291/mode/1up}} 4. ^Audibert, U., Catalogue des végétaux de tous genres cultivés dans les jardins et pépinières à Tonelle (Tarascon, France, 1817) p.23 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9hcDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q&f=false catalogue of 1817] 5. ^1 {{cite book|title= Catalogue des arbres, arbrisseaux, arbustes et plantes|publisher = Frères Audibert|pages=53|location=Tonelle, France|year=1832|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3t-RsWNli1AC&pg=PA53}} 6. ^{{cite book |volume=3|last=Loudon|first=John Claudius|date=1838 |title=Arboretum et fruticetum Britannicum|pages=1399|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qGYEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1399}} 7. ^Späth, L., Baumschulenweg Katalog (1903), p.131 8. ^{{Cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=William|last2=Macoun|first2=William Tyrrell|url=https://archive.org/stream/bulletinissues00ottogoog#page/n80/mode/2up/|title=Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm|year=1899|edition=2|pages=74-75}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Elwes|first1=Henry John|authorlink1=Henry John Elwes|last2=Henry|first2=Augustine|authorlink2=Augustine Henry|date=1913|title=The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland|volume=7|pages=1869|url=https://archive.org/stream/treesofgreatbrit07elweuoft#page/1869/mode/2up}} 10. ^1 2 Hanham, F. (1857). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1klKAAAAYAAJ A Manual for the Park] (Royal Victoria Park, Bath). Longman, London. 11. ^1 2 [https://archive.org/stream/vHoutte195Arbr#page/n47/mode/2up Cultures de Louis van Houtte: Plantes Vivaces de Pleine Terre], Catalogue de Louis van Houtte, 1881-2, p.303 12. ^{{cite book |last1=Baudriller Établissement d'Horticulture |title=Catalogue général descriptif et raisonné des arbres fruitiers, forestiers & d'ornement cultivés dans l'établissement |date=1880 |location=Angers |page=116 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HAsDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA117}} 13. ^{{cite book |volume=2|last=Koch|first=Karl|date=1872|title=Dendrologie; Bäume, Sträucher und Halbsträucher, welche in Mittel- und Nord- Europa im Freien kultivirt werden|pages=418|url=https://archive.org/stream/dendrologiebum02kochuoft#page/n418/mode/1up}} 14. ^Bean, W. J. (1981). Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition. Murray, London. 15. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last=Green |first=Peter Shaw |authorlink=Peter Shaw Green |date=1964 |title=Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus|url=https://archive.org/stream/arnoldiaarno_21#page/40/mode/2up/|journal=Arnoldia |volume=24|pages=41–80 |number=6–8 |publisher=Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University |access-date=16 February 2017}} 16. ^Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. VII. p.1867. Private publication, Edinburgh. 17. ^tradgardsakademin.se/aktuella-uppdateringar/ulmus-glabra-crispa-rynkalm 18. ^Herbarium specimen E00824828, data.rbge.org.uk 19. ^1 Herbarium specimen AMD.127087, naturalis.nl 20. ^Herbarium specimen E00824770, data.rbge.org.uk 21. ^Herbarium specimen E00824726, data.rbge.org.uk 22. ^Krüssman, Gerd, Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs (1984 vol. 3); photo of RBGE 'Crispa' 23. ^rystonhall.co.uk/ 24. ^{{cite book| title=Ryston Hall Arboretum catalogue |date=c. 1920 |pages=13–14|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ryston_Hall_Arboretum_Catalogue_c._1920_pages_13,14.jpg}} 25. ^Ulrich, C. (1894), Katalog Drzew i Krezewow, C. Ulrich, Rok 1893–94, Warszawa 26. ^{{cite book |date=1902–1903|title=Katalog|publisher=L. Späth Baumschulenweg|location=Berlin, Germany|volume=108|pages=132–133|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L._Sp%C3%A4th_Baumschulenweg_Katalog_1903_pages_131-133.pdf}} 27. ^{{cite book|last1=Hesse|first1=Hermann Albert|title=Preis- und Sortenliste|date=1933|pages=91-92|url=https://archive.org/stream/HesseHermA1933#page/n95/mode/2up/|accessdate=27 February 2018}} 28. ^{{Cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=William|last2=Macoun|first2=William Tyrrell|url=https://archive.org/stream/bulletinissues00ottogoog#page/n80/mode/2up/|title=Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm|year=1899|edition=2|pages=74–75}} 29. ^{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/CAT31286703#page/18/mode/2up|title=General catalogue, 1904 : choice hardy trees, shrubs, evergreens, roses, herbaceous plants, fruits, etc.|last=|first=|publisher=Frederick W. Kelsey|year=1904|isbn=|location=New York|pages=18}} 30. ^Spencer, R., Hawker, J. and Lumley, P. (1991). Elms in Australia. Australia: Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne. {{ISBN|0-7241-9962-4}}. 31. ^Photographs of mature specimen of U. 'Crispa' in Krusenburg near Uppsala, from tradgardsakademin.se, 'Crispa' (right) in Serafimerparken, Stockholm [https://web.archive.org/web/20110616084753/http://www.tradgardsakademin.se/aktuella-uppdateringar/ulmus-glabra-crispa-rynkalm] 32. ^{{Cite web | title = 'Crispa', Serafimerparken, Stockholm | work = Google Maps | date = July 2017| accessdate = 2018-05-12 | url = https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@59.3279451,18.0528198,3a,37.5y,357.51h,113.83t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1swSKaEYTkG2zx9ug_adB-kQ!2e0!5s20170601T000000!7i13312!8i6656 | quote = }} 33. ^kiki.huh.harvard.edu 34. ^kiki.huh.harvard.edu 35. ^ [https://archive.org/stream/arboretummuscav01kircgoog#page/n582/mode/1up Arboretum Muscaviense 566 (1864)] 36. ^{{cite book |last1=Baudriller Établissement d'Horticulture |title=Catalogue général descriptif et raisonné des arbres fruitiers, forestiers & d'ornement cultivés dans l'établissement |date=1880 |location=Angers |page=116 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HAsDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA117}} 37. ^'Standard Ornamental Trees' in Forest, hardy ornamental trees, conifers, etc., Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, 1887–88, p.27 38. ^[https://archive.org/stream/gardenersassista02thom#page/324/mode/2up Robert Thompson & William Watson, The Gardener's Assistant (London 1901), p.324] 39. ^Bean, W. J. (1936) Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition, Murray, London, vol. 2, p.616 40. ^Centrum voor Botanische Verrijking vzw: Voorraadlijst, accessdate: November 2, 2016 External links
3 : Unconfirmed derivation elm cultivar|Ulmus articles with images|Ulmus |
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