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词条 Ulmus 'Koopmannii'
释义

  1. Description

  2. Cultivation

  3. Synonymy

  4. Accessions

     North America  Europe 

  5. References

  6. External links

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Ulmus 'Koopmannii' }}{{Infobox cultivar
| name = Ulmus cultivar
| image = File:Ulmus carpinifolia var. koopmanni.jpg
| image_caption = 'Koopmannii' at Arnold Arboretum, 1941
| cultivar = 'Koopmannii'
| origin = Turkestan
}}

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Koopmannii' was cloned from a specimen raised from seed sent from Margilan, Turkestan (now in eastern Uzbekistan) by Koopmann to the Botanischer Garten Berlin   c. 1880. Noted in 1881 as a 'new elm',[1] it was later listed by the Späth nursery (Berlin, Germany), catalogue no. 62, p. 6. 101, 1885, as Ulmus Koopmannii, and later by Krüssmann in 1962 as a cultivar of U. minor.[2][3] Margilan is beyond the main range of Ulmus minor.[4] Augustine Henry, who saw the specimens in Berlin and Kew, believed Koopmann's Elm to be a form of Ulmus pumila (Siberian elm),[5] a view not shared by Rehder of the Arbold Arboretum.[6] Ascherson & Graebner said the tree produced 'very numerous root shoots',[7] which suggests it may be a cultivar of U. minor. Until DNA analysis can confirm its origin, the cultivar is now treated as Ulmus 'Koopmannii'.

Description

The tree is said to resemble Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera' in form, though more globose in outline,[7][8][9] with a dense, narrowish oval crown, a height to {{convert|35|ft|m}},[10] and small, ovate leaves < 30 mm in length.[11][5][12][13] When grafted, the tree has an ovoid head but is shrubby and stoloniferous when propagated by cuttings.[6]

Cultivation

Koopman claimed that 'Koopmannii' was traditionally grown in cemeteries in Turkestan, where it occasionally reached a great size,[11] In the late 19th and early 20th century it was marketed in Europe by Späth, and was represented by a tree in the Berlin Botanical Garden. One tree was planted in 1897 as U. campestris Koopmannii at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada.[14] A specimen was once grown at Kew Gardens, where it performed rather poorly.

Specimens supplied by Späth to the RBGE in 1902 as U. campestris 'Koopmannii' may survive in Edinburgh as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city (viz. the Wentworth Elm);[15] the current list of Living Accessions held in the Garden per se does not list the plant.[16] U. campestris 'Koopmannii' was marketed in the 1930s by the Hesse Nursery of Weener, Germany.[17]

Synonymy

  • Ulmus carpinifolia 'Koopmannii': Morton Arboretum catalogue, 2006.

Accessions

North America

  • Morton Arboretum acc. no. 465–72 (as U. carpinifolia (: minor) Koopmannii, Koopmann's Smooth-leaved Elm
  • Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Accession no. 2569

Europe

  • Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. acc. no. 18145

References

1. ^{{cite journal |date=1881|title=Zwei neue Ulmen|journal=Hamburger Garten-und Blumenzeitung|volume=37|pages=85|url=https://archive.org/stream/hamburgergartenu3718unse#page/85/mode/1up}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Krüssmann|first=Johann Gerd|authorlink=Johann Gerd Krüssmann|title=Handbuch der Laubgehölze|volume=2|year=1962|page=534}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Krüssmann|first=Johann Gerd|authorlink=Johann Gerd Krüssmann|title=Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees and Shrubs|volume=3|year=1984|page=406}}
4. ^Ulmus minor range map, linnaeus.nrm.se
5. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Elwes|first1=Henry John|authorlink1=Henry John Elwes|last2=Henry|first2=Augustine|authorlink2=Augustine Henry|date=1913|title=The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland|volume=7|page=1927|url=https://archive.org/stream/treesofgreatbrit07elweuoft#page/1927/mode/2up}}
6. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Rehder |first=Alfred|date=1938 |title=New species, varieties and combinations from the collections of the Arnold Arboretum|url=https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753003542013#page/273/mode/1up/|journal=Journal of the Arnold Arboretum |volume=9|pages=273 |number=1 |publisher=Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University |access-date=19 June 2017}}
7. ^Photograph of Koopmanii': {{cite journal |last=Wyman |first=Donald|date=1941-12-19 |title=Elms grown in America|url=https://archive.org/stream/arnoldiaarno#page/75/mode/2up/|journal=Arnoldia |volume=1|pages=74 |number=13 |publisher=Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University |access-date=16 February 2017}}
8. ^{{cite journal |last=Wyman |first=Donald|date=1951-12-07 |title=Elms grown in America|url=https://archive.org/stream/arnoldiaarno_8#page/87/mode/2up/|journal=Arnoldia |volume=11|pages=87 |number=12 |publisher=Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University |access-date=16 February 2017}}
9. ^{{cite book|last1=Buckley|first1=Arthur R.|title=Trees and shrubs of the Dominion Arboretum|date=1980|publisher=Research Branch, Agriculture Canada|pages=138|url=https://archive.org/stream/treesshrubsofdo00buck#page/138/mode/2up|accessdate=20 December 2016}}
10. ^{{cite journal |last=Wyman |first=Donald|date=1951-06-08 |title=Smaller street trees needed|url=https://archive.org/stream/arnoldiaarno_8#page/48/mode/2up/|journal=Arnoldia |volume=11|pages=48 |number=6 |publisher=Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University |access-date=16 February 2017}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Ascherson|first1=Paul|last2=Graebner|first2=Paul|date=1913|title=Synopsis der mitteleuropäischen Flora|volume=4|pages=557|url=https://archive.org/stream/synopsisdermitte04asch#page/557/mode/2up/|access-date=16 February 2017}}
12. ^{{cite book|last=Lauche|first=Willhelm|date=1883|title=Deutsche Dendrologie|pages=349|url=https://archive.org/stream/deutschedendrol00laucgoog#page/n369/mode/2up|access-date=16 February 2017}}
13. ^Photograph of Koopmanii': {{Cite web | title = Smooth-Leaved Elms - Ulmus carpinifolia 'Wredei' and 'Koopmanii' | work = cirrusimage.com | accessdate = 2017-02-16 | url = http://www.cirrusimage.com/tree_smooth-leaved_elm.htm }}
14. ^{{Cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=William|last2=Macoun|first2=William Tyrrell|url=https://archive.org/stream/bulletinissues00ottogoog#page/n80/mode/2up/|title=Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm|year=1899|edition=2|pages=74–75}}
15. ^{{cite book |date=1902|title=Accessions book|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh|pages=45, 47|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Botanic_Garden_Edinburgh._(1902)._Accessions_book_pages_45,47.jpg}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=List of Living Accessions: Ulmus|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh|access-date=21 September 2016|url=http://elmer.rbge.org.uk/bgbase/livcol/bgbaselivcol.php?eti=Ulmus&countOnly=&cfg=bgbase%2Flivcol%2Fbgbaselivcol.cfg&acc__num=}}
17. ^{{cite book|last1=Hesse|first1=Hermann Albert|title=Preis- und Sortenliste|date=1932|pages=96-97|url=https://archive.org/stream/HesseHermA1932#page/n96/mode/1up/|accessdate=18 January 2018}}

External links

  • {{Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh |id=E00824776 }} Sheet described as U. minor Mill. Koopmannii (Lauche) (1883)
  • {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center |id=WAG.1853143 }} Described on sheet as U. carpinifolia Gled. Koopmannii (Späth)
  • {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center |id=WAG.1853144 }} Described on sheet as U. carpinifolia Gled. Koopmannii (Späth)
  • {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center |id=L.1586975 }} Described on sheet as U. carpinifolia Gled. Koopmannii (Späth)
  • {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center |id=WAG.1911649 }} Described on sheet as U. carpinifolia Gled. Koopmannii (Späth) (Arnold Arboretum specimen)
  • {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center |id=L.1586950 }} Described on sheet as U. carpinifolia Gled. Koopmannii (Lauche)
{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}}

4 : Unconfirmed derivation elm cultivar|Ulmus articles with images|Ulmus|Ulmus Edinburgh Spath 1902
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