| 词条 | Fool's mate | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
In chess, Fool's Mate, also known as the Two-Move Checkmate, is the checkmate in the fewest possible number of moves from the start of the game. This can be achieved only by Black, who can deliver checkmate on move 2 with the queen. Fool's Mate received its name because it can only occur if White commits an extraordinary blunder. Even among rank beginners, the mate almost never occurs in practice. {{algebraic notation|pos=toc}}Example
An example of Fool's Mate consists of the moves: 1. f3 e5 2. g4?? Qh4{{chessAN|#}} resulting in the position shown. The pattern can have slight variations; Black could play ...e6 or ...e5, and White could play f4 rather than f3. Additionally, the order in which White advances their f- and g-pawns could be alternated. {{-}}Similar trapsSimilar mating patterns can occur early in the game. For example, in 1. e4 g5 2. d4 f6{{chesspunc|??}} 3. Qh5{{chessAN|#}}, the basic Fool's Mate pattern is the same: a player advances their f- and g-pawns, which permits the enemy queen to mate along the unblocked diagonal. One such Fool's Mate is widely reported to have occurred in a possibly apocryphal 1959 game between Masefield and Trinka[1] which lasted just three moves: 1. e4 g5 2. Nc3 f5?? 3. Qh5#.[2][3][4][5][6] A similar mate can occur in From's Gambit: 1. f4 e5 2. g3{{chesspunc|?}} exf4 {{nowrap|3. gxf4?? Qh4#}}. Teed vs. Delmar{{Chess diagram| tright | Teed vs. Delmar, 1896 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd| | | | | | | | | | |rd | | | | | | |pd|pd | | | |pl| |pd| | | | | |bl|pl| |bl| |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl| |ql|kl| |nl|rl | After 6...Rh6?? White mates in two moves. }} A well-known {{chessgloss|trap}} in the Dutch Defence occurred in the game Frank Melville Teed vs. Eugene Delmar, 1896:[7] 1. d4 f5 2. Bg5 h6 3. Bf4 g5 4. Bg3 f4 It seems that Black has won the bishop, but now comes ... 5. e3 Threatening Qh5#, a basic Fool's Mate. 5... h5 6. Bd3{{chesspunc|?!}} Probably better is 6.Be2, but the move played sets a trap. 6... Rh6?? Defending against Bg6#, but ... 7. Qxh5+{{chesspunc|!}} White sacrifices his queen to draw the black rook away from its control of g6. 7... Rxh5 8. Bg6#{{clear}} Greco vs. NN{{Chess diagram|tright |Greco vs. {{chessgloss|NN}} |rd|nd| |qd|kd|bd| |rd |pd| |pd|pd|pd| | |pl | |pd| | | | |bl| | | | | | | | |nd | | | |pl| | | | | | | | | | | | |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|bd|pl |rl|nl|bl| |kl| |nl|rl |Final position after 8.Bg6# }} A similar trap occurred in a game published by Gioachino Greco in 1625: 1. e4 b6 2. d4 Bb7 3. Bd3 f5? 4. exf5 Bxg2? 5. Qh5+ g6 6. fxg6 Nf6?? Opening up a flight square for the king at f8 with 6...Bg7 would have prolonged the game. White still wins with 7.Qf5! Nf6 8.Bh6 Bxh6 9.gxh7 Bxh1 (9...e6 opens another flight square at e7; then White checks with 10.Qg6+ Ke7) 10.Qg6+ Kf8 11.Qxh6+ Kf7 12.Nh3, but much slower than in the game.[8] 7. gxh7+! Nxh5 8. Bg6# See also
References1. ^The names are also recorded as Mayfield or Mansfield and Trinks or Trent depending on the source consulted. 2. ^{{cite book |author=Mike Fox and Richard James |title=The Even More Complete Chess Addict |publisher=Faber and Faber |year=1993 |pages=177}} 3. ^{{cite book |author=Winter, Edward |authorlink=Edward G. Winter |title=Chess Facts and Fables |publisher=McFarland & Co. |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7864-2310-1 |pages=253–254}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter25.html#4491._Rousseau_and_chess_C.N.s_4401_ |title=Chess Notes 4493. Short game |author=Edward G. Winter |date=August 2006}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter25.html#4503._N_for_knight |title=Chess Notes 4506. Short game (C.N. 4493) |author=Edward G. Winter |date=August 2006}} 6. ^{{cite book |last1= Averbakh |first1= Yuri Lvovich |last2= Beilin |first2= Mikhail Abramovich |authorlink=Yuri Averbakh |script-title=ru:Путешествие в шахматное королевство |year = 1972 |publisher = Fizkultura i sport |language = Russian |page = 227}} 7. ^Teed vs. Delmar 8. ^{{cite book |author=Lev Alburt |title=Chess Openings for White, Explained |publisher=Chess Information Research Center |year=2011 |page=509}} Further reading
|last1=Hooper |first1=David |authorlink1=David Vincent Hooper |last2=Whyld |first2=Kenneth |authorlink2=Kenneth Whyld |title=The Oxford Companion to Chess |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=2nd |year=1996 |origyear=First pub. 1992 |isbn=978-0-19-280049-7}}{{Chess}} 2 : Chess checkmates|Chess terminology |
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