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词条 Union Public Service Commission
释义

  1. History

  2. Constitutional status

      Appointment    Removal and suspension    Functions    Expenses    Extension of functions    Reporting  

  3. Organisational structure

      Secretariat    Present members    List of all chairman  

  4. References

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}{{Infobox government agency
| name = Union Public Service Commission
| native_name =
| native_name_a = {{lang|hi|संघ लोक सेवा आयोग}}
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| type = Commission
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| image = Emblem of India.svg
| image_size = 150px
| image_caption = Emblem of India
| formed = {{Start date|1926|10|01}}
| preceding1 = Federal Public Service Commission
| preceding2 = Public Service Commission
| dissolved =
| superseding1 =
| superseding2 =
| jurisdiction = Republic of India
| headquarters = Dholpur House, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi
| coordinates = {{coord|28.6080|77.2269|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
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| chief1_name = Arvind Saxena[1]
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| parent_department = Government of India
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The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC; {{lang-hi|संघ लोक सेवा आयोग}}) is India's premier central recruiting agency. It is responsible for appointments to and examinations for All India services and group A & group B of Central services.[2] While Department of Personnel and Training is the central personnel agency in India.

The agency's charter is granted by Part XIV of the Constitution of India, titled as Services Under the Union and the States.[3][4] The commission is mandated by the Constitution for appointments to the services of the Union and All India Services. It is also required to be consulted by the Government in matters relating to the appointment, transfer, promotion and disciplinary matters. The commission reports directly to the President and can advise the Government through him. Although, such advice is not binding on the Government. Being a constitutional authority, UPSC is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country’s higher judiciary and lately the Election Commission.[5]

The commission is headquartered at Dholpur House, in New Delhi and functions through its own secretariat. Arvind Saxena is its current Chairman of UPSC.

Established on {{Date|October 1, 1926}} as Public Service Commission, it was later reconstituted as Federal Public Service Commission by the Government of India Act, 1935; only to be renamed as today's Union Public Service Commission after the independence.[6][7]

History

The Royal Commission on the superior Civil Services in India was set up under the chairmanship of Lord Lee of Fareham by the British Government in {{Date|1923}}.[5][6] With equal numbers of Indian and British members, the commission submitted its report in {{Date|1924}}, recommending setting up of a Public Service Commission.[7] The Lee Commission proposed that 40% of future entrants should be British, 40% Indians directly recruited, and 20% Indians promoted from the provincial services.[5][8]

This led to the establishment of the first Public Service Commission on {{Date|October 1, 1926}} under the chairmanship of Sir Ross Barker.[6] A mere limited advisory function was granted to the Public Service Commission and the leaders of the freedom movement continually stressed on this aspect, which then resulted in the setting up of a Federal Public Service Commission under the Government of India Act, 1935.[6][8]

The Federal Public Service Commission became the Union Public Service Commission after independence. It was given a constitutional status with under of Constitution of India on {{Date|January 26, 1950}}.[7][8][9]

Constitutional status

{{See also|Part XIV of the Constitution of India}}Articles 315 to 323 of Part XIV of the constitution, titled as Services Under the Union and the States, provide for a Public Service Commission for the Union and for each state.[3][4] Accordingly, as per Art. 315, at Union level, Union Public Service Commission is envisaged by it. UPSC is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country’s higher judiciary and lately the Election Commission.[10]

Appointment

As per Art. 316, the Chairman and other members of Union Public Service Commission shall be appointed by the President. In case the office of the Chairman becomes vacant his duties shall be performed by one of the other members of the Commission as the President may appoint for the purpose.[11]

Also, nearly half of the members of the Commission shall be persons who at the dates of their respective appointments have held office for at least ten years either under the Government of India or under the Government of a State. A member of a Union Public Service Commission shall hold office for a term of six years from the date on which he enters upon his office or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. Under Art 318, the President is empowered to determine number of members of the Commission and their conditions of service. Further, he can make provision with respect to the number of members of the staff of the Commission and their conditions of service too. Also, conditions of service cannot be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.[11]

As per Art 319, a person who holds office as Chairman shall, on the expiration of his term of office, be ineligible for re-appointment to that office. But, a member other than the Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission shall be eligible for appointment as the Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission, or as the Chairman of a State Public Service Commission, but not for any other employment either under the Government of India or under the Government of a State. Also, the Chairman of a State Public Service Commission shall be eligible for appointment as the Chairman or any other member of the Union Public Service Commission.[11]

Removal and suspension

As per Art. 317, the Chairman or any other member of a Public Service Commission shall only be removed from their office by order of the President on the ground of "misbehaviour" after the Supreme Court, on reference being made to it by the President, has, on inquiry reported that the Chairman or such other member ought to be removed. The President may suspend the Chairman or other member of the Commission until report of the Supreme Court is received.[11]

The President may also remove the Chairman or any other member of the commission if they:

  • is adjudged an insolvent; or
  • engages during their term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of their office; or
  • is, in the opinion of the President, unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
  • The Chairman or any other member cannot hold an office of profit or otherwise they shall be deemed to be guilty of misbehaviour.[11]

Functions

As per Art. 320, it shall be the duty of the Union Public Service Commissions to conduct examinations for appointments to the services of the Union. It shall also assist two or more States, if requested so, in framing and operating schemes of joint recruitment for any services.[11]

The Union Public Service Commission shall be consulted:

  • on all matters relating to
    • methods of recruitment to civil services and for civil posts
    • making appointments to civil services and posts
    • making promotions and transfers from one service to another
    • the suitability of candidates for such appointments, promotions or transfers
  • on all disciplinary matters against a civil servant serving in a civil capacity, including memorials or petitions relating to such matters.
  • on any claim by or in respect of a person who is serving or has served in a civil capacity, that any costs incurred by him in defending legal proceedings instituted against him in respect of acts done or purporting to be done in the execution of his duty should be paid out of the Consolidated Fund of India.
  • on any claim for the award of a pension in respect of injuries sustained by a person while serving in a civil capacity, and any question as to the amount of such award.

It shall be the duty of a Union Public Service Commission to advise on any matter referred to them; provided that the President has not made any regulations specifying the matters in which it shall not be necessary for Union Public Service Commission to be consulted.[11]

Expenses

As per Art. 322, the expenses of the Union Public Service Commission, including any salaries, allowances and pensions payable to or in respect of the members or staff of the Commission, shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.[11]

Extension of functions

As per Art. 321, an Act made by Parliament may provide for the exercise of additional functions by the Union Public Service Commission w.r.t. services of the Union.[11]

Reporting

As per Art. 323, it shall be the duty of the Union Commission to annually present a report to the President of the work done by the Commission. On receipt of such report, the President shall present a copy before each House of Parliament; together with a memorandum, if any, explaining the reasons where the advice of the Commission was not accepted by him.[11]

Organisational structure

The Commission consists of a chairman and other members appointed by The President of India. Usually, the Commission consists of 9 to 11 members including the chairman.[12] Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier.

The terms and conditions of service of chairman and members of the Commission are governed by the Union Public Service Commission (Members) Regulations, 1969.[13]

The chairman and any other member of the Commission can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehaviour (only if an inquiry of such misbehaviour is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.

Secretariat

The Commission is serviced by a Secretariat headed by a Secretary with four Additional Secretaries, a number of Joint Secretaries, Deputy Secretaries and other supporting staff.[14] The secretariat, for administrative purpose, is further divided into divisions, each undertaking a specific responsibility:[15]

  • Administration: Administers the Secretariat as well as looks after personal matters of Chairman/Members and other Officers/Staff of the Commission.[16]
  • All India Services: Recruitment to All India Services is done either by direct recruitment (through Competitive Examinations) or by promotion from the State Service. The AIS Branch handles the promotions of State Service officers to the IAS, IPS and IFS. It also handles policy matters relating to All India Services and amendments in the 'Promotion Regulations' of respective services.[17]
  • Appointments: It carry out appointments to central services based on Promotion(based on proposals from various Ministries/Departments/Union Territories and from certain local bodies) and by the means of Deputation and Absorption.[18]
  • Examination: It carries out merit-based selection and recommendation of candidates, through various examinations, to Group A and Group B Services of the Government of India.[19]
  • General: Primarily deals with day-to-day housekeeping works for Commission, like, arrangements and facilitation for conduction of Examinations by the UPSC, printing Annual Report etc.[20]
  • Recruitment: This branch carries out Direct Recruitment(out of the 3 possible mechanisms of : 'direct recruitment', 'recruitment by promotion' and 'recruitment by transfer and permanent absorption') by selection to all Group `A’ and certain Group `B’ posts of the services of the Union (including some Union Territories). These recruitment are done either by selection(interview) or through competitive examination.[21]
  • Recruitment Rules: The Commission is mandated under Art. 320 of the Constitution of India, read along the UPSC (Exemption from Consultation) Regulations, 1958, to advise on framing and amending of Recruitment and Service Rules for various Group A and Group B posts in the Government of India, and certain autonomous organizations like EPFO, ESIC, DJB, NDMC & Municipal Corporations(s) of Delhi. This Branch carries out this responsibility by facilitating the Ministries / Departments / UT Administrations / Autonomous Organisations in this regard.[22]
  • Services I: Handles disciplinary cases received from various Ministries/Departments and State Governments for advice of the Commission, as required under Article 320 (3)(c).
  • Services II: Handles all other cases that 'Services I' branch doesn't. It compiles the Annual Report. Also, it coordinates visits of foreign delegations, correspondence with foreign countries and hosting of international events concerning Public Service Commissions, including the SAARC Member States.

Present members

The commission has nine members including the chairman, who are:[23]

Name Position Term started Term end
Arvind Saxena Chairman 28 November 2018 7 July 2020
Pradeep Kumar Joshi Member 12 May 2015 12 May 2021
Bhim Sain Bassi Member 31 May 2016 19 February 2021
A. S. Bhonsle Member 21 February 2017 14 February 2022
Sujata Mehta Member 21 February 2017 29 March 2022
Manoj Soni Member 28 March 2017 27 March 2023
Smita Nagaraj Member 1 December 2017 21 September 2023
M. Sathiyavathy Member 9 April 2018 15 May 2023
Bharat Bhushan Vyas Member 13 December 2018 14 November 2022
Rajiv Nayan Choubey Member 01 February 2019 Present

List of all chairman

Following is the list of Chairmen of UPSC:[24]

List of UPSC Chairmen (since inception)
ChairmanTermBackground
From To
Sir Ross Barker October 1926}}August 1932}}
Sir David Petrie August 1932}}1936}}
Sir Eyre Gorden 1937}}1942}}
Sir F. W. Robertson 1942}}1947}}
H. K. Kripalani 1 April 1947}}13 January 1949}}
R. N. Banerjee 14 January 1949}}9 May 1955}}
N. Govindarajan 10 May 1955}}9 December 1955}}
V. S. Hejmadi 10 December 1955}}9 December 1961}}
B. N. Jha 11 December 1961}}22 February 1967}}
K. R. Damle 18 April 1967}}2 March 1971}}
R. C. S. Sarkar 11 May 1971}}1 February 1973}} Academician, West Bengal Civil Services officer
Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai 5 February 1973}}4 February 1979}}
M. L. Shahare 16 February 1979}}16 February 1985}}
H. K. L. Capoor 18 February 1985}}5 March 1990}}
J. P. Gupta 5 March 1990}}2 June 1992}}
R. M. Bathew (Kharbuli) 23 September 1992}}23 August 1996}}
S. J. S. Chhatwal 23 August 1996}}30 September 1996}}
J. M. Qureshi 30 September 1996}}11 December 1998}}
Surendra Nath 11 December 1998 }}25 June 2002}} A former vice chief of the army staff[25]
Purna Chandra Hota 25 June 2002}}September 2003}} Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1962 batch[26]
Mata Prasad September 2003 }}January 2005}} IAS officer of the 1962 Batch
S. R. Hashim 4 January 2005}}1 April 2006}}
Gurbachan Jagat 1 April 2006}}30 June 2007}} Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the 1966 batch[27]
Subir Dutta 30 June 2007}}16 August 2008}}
D. P. Agrawal 16 August 2008}}August 2014}} Academician
Rajni Razdan 16 August 2014}}21 November 2014}} IAS officer of 1973 batch, Haryana cadre[28]
Deepak Gupta 22 November 2014}}20 September 2016}} IAS officer of 1974 Batch, Jharkhand cadre[29][30]
Alka Sirohi 21 September 2016}}3 January 2017}} IAS officer of 1974 Batch,[31] Madhya Pradesh cadre[32]
David R. Syiemlieh 4 January 2017}}21 January 2018}} Academician[33] and former vice-chancellor of the Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar[34]
Vinay Mittal 22 January 2018}}19 June 2018}} Former chairman of the Railway Board and Indian Railway Traffic Service officer of 1975 batch[35]
Arvind Saxena (acting) 20 June 2018}}28 November 2018}} Indian Postal Service officer of 1978 Batch and an officer of the Research and Analysis Wing[36]
Arvind Saxena 28 November 2018}} Incumbent Appointed full-time chairman[37]

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621075148/http://upsc.gov.in/about-us/commission |title=The Commission – UPSC |date=21 June 2018 |publisher=}}
2. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/functions |title=UPSC {{!}} Functions|last=|first=|date=|website=www.upsc.gov.in|access-date=}}
3. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/constitutional-provisions |title=Constitutional Provisions |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=}}
4. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(19).pdf |title=PART XIV: SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES |last= |first= |date= |website=lawmin.nic.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203131448/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(19).pdf |archive-date=3 December 2011 |dead-url=yes |access-date= |df=dmy-all}}
5. ^1 {{Cite news |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lee-Commission |title=Lee Commission {{!}} Indian history|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-06-23|language=en}}
6. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web |url=http://vle.du.ac.in/mod/book/print.php?id=10252&chapterid=17113 |title=Civil Administration and legal foundation |website=vle.du.ac.in |access-date=2017-06-23}}
7. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/citizens-charter |title=Citizen’s Charter of UPSC |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/historical-perspective |title=Historical Perspective |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=}}
9. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.importantindia.com/1736/union-public-service-commission-upsc-history-functions-powers/ |title=Union Public Service Commission (U.P.S.C) – History, Functions, Powers – Important India |date=2013-08-20 |work=Important India |access-date=2017-06-23 |language=en-US}}
10. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/incredible-cbi/445568/0 |title=Incredible CBI |date=11 April 2009 |publisher=Indian Express |accessdate=July 3, 2016 |author=J. S. Verma}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-4March2016.pdf |title=Constitution of India |publisher=Government of India |accessdate=27 June 2017 |date=November 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416084719/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-4March2016.pdf |archivedate=16 April 2016 |df=dmy-all}} {{PD-notice}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/commission |title=The members of the Union Public Service Commission |date=2017 |publisher=UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION}}
13. ^{{Cite web |url=http://document.ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02est/Notification_39019_05_96_Estt(B)_Eng.pdf |title=Notification_39019_05_96_Estt(B) |last= |first= |date= |website=document.ccis.nic.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215200921/http://document.ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02est/Notification_39019_05_96_Estt(B)_Eng.pdf |archive-date=2017-12-15 |dead-url=yes |access-date=}}
14. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/secretariat |title=Secretariat |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=}}
15. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/divisions |title=UPSC Divisions |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=2017-06-25}}
16. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/divisions/administration/introduction |title=Administration Division Introduction |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=}}
17. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/divisions/all-india-services-ais-branch/introduction |title=All India Service Branch Introduction |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=}}
18. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/divisions/appointments/introduction |title=Appointments: Introduction |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=}}
19. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/divisions/examination/introduction |title=Examinations : Introduction |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=}}
20. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/divisions/general-branch/introduction |title=General : Introduction |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=}}
21. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/divisions/recruitment/introduction |title=Recruitment : Introduction |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=}}
22. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/divisions/recruitment-rules/introduction |title=Recruitment Rules: Introduction |last= |first= |date= |website=www.upsc.gov.in |access-date=}}
23. ^{{cite web |title=The Commission |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/about-us/commission- |work=Union Public Service Commission |accessdate=17 December 2018}}
24. ^{{cite web |title=Chairmen of UPSC |url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/general_info.php?id=9 |website=India.gov.in |accessdate=3 December 2018}}
25. ^{{cite news |title=New UPSC chairman takes over |url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19981212/34650404.html |accessdate=4 December 2018 |agency=Press Trust of India |publisher=The Indian Express |date=12 December 1998}}
26. ^{{cite news |title=P C Hota takes over as UPSC chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/P-C-Hota-takes-over-as-UPSC-chief/articleshow/14080805.cms |accessdate=3 December 2018 |work=The Times of India |agency=Press Trust of India |date=25 June 2002}}
27. ^{{cite news |title=Gurbachan Jagat takes over as UPSC Chairman |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/gurbachan-jagat-takes-over-as-upsc-chairman_285531.html |accessdate=3 December 2018 |work=Zee News |date=1 April 2006 |language=en}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=108838 |title=Smt. Rajni Razdan takes over as Chairman, UPSC |website=pib.nic.in}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/deepak-gupta-made-upsc-chairman/ |title=Deepak Gupta made UPSC chairman |date=24 November 2014 |publisher=}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.babusofindia.com/2011/10/no-full-fledged-secretaries-for-i-and-b.html |title=No full-fledged secretaries for I and B, Panchayati Raj ministries, temporarily |website=www.babusofindia.com}}
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.babusofindia.com/2010/11/alka-sirohi-1974-batch-madhya-pradesh.html |title=Alka Sirohi, 1974 batch Madhya Pradesh cadre IAS, assumes office as DoPT secretary |website=www.babusofindia.com}}
32. ^{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/A-Madhya-Pradesh-cadre-IAS-officer-Alka-Sirohi-assumes-office-as-Member-Union-Public-Service-Commission-UPSC-Before-taking-over-her-new-charge-Sirohi-officer-of-1974-batch-served-as-Secretary-Department-of-Personnel-Training-ministry-of-personnel-/articleshow/11364725.cms |title=A Madhya Pradesh cadre IAS officer, Alka Sirohi, assumes office as Member, Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Before taking over her new charge, Sirohi – officer of 1974 batch – served as Secretary, Department of Personnel & Training, ministry of personnel. - Times of India |publisher=}}
33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jan/04/academician-david-r-syiemlieh-appointed-interim-upsc-chairman-1556038.html |title=Academician David R Syiemlieh appointed interim UPSC chairman |publisher=}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Aapsu-upset-over-Rajiv-Gandhi-University-vice-chancellor-departure/articleshow/14507992.cms |title=Aapsu upset over Rajiv Gandhi University vice-chancellor departure – Times of India |publisher=}}
35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.babusofindia.com/2013/08/know-your-upsc-member-and-ex-railway.html |title=Know your UPSC Member and ex-Railway Board chairman Vinay Mittal |website=www.babusofindia.com}}
36. ^{{cite web |title=Arvind Saxena appointed acting UPSC chief |website=The Times of India |date=10 June 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/arvind-saxena-appointed-acting-upsc-chief/articleshow/64530541.cms |access-date=30 August 2018}}
37. ^{{cite news |title=Arvind Saxena appointed UPSC chairman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/arvind-saxena-appointed-upsc-chairman/articleshow/66852125.cms |accessdate=3 December 2018 |work=The Times of India |agency=Press Trust of India |date=28 November 2018}}

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