“Ford C-Max”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Ford C-Max (stylized as Ford C-MAX and previously called the Ford Focus C-Max) is a compact multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) produced by the Ford Motor Company since 2003.^[1] The Ford Grand C-Max has a longer wheelbase.

Ford introduced the C-Max in the United States as its first hybrid-only line of vehicles, which includes the C-Max Hybrid, released in September 2012, and the C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid, launched in October 2012. Although the C-Max was initially available only in Europe, the first generation was partially available in New Zealand. With the introduction of the new large MPVs S-Max and Galaxy, the C-Max is now the mid-sized multi-purpose vehicle in Ford's lineup, above the B-Max.

First generation (2003–2010)

C-Max Mk I was the first product to use the Ford C1 platform, also used by the Ford Focus Mk II and the compact MPV Premacy/Mazda5. Its internal code name is C214.

It seats five passengers and has a large amount of cargo space, which can be increased by folding the rear seats flat. Some models feature diagonally sliding outer rear seats. It also shares the control blade independent rear suspension from the Focus.

Engines and transmissions

Transmissions mated with engines are Ford IB5 (1.6/1.8 Duratec), Ford Durashift (2.0 Duratorq), MTX-75 (2.0 Duratec / 1.6-1.8 Duratorq) manual and Ford Powershift double-clutch transmission available with 2.0 Duratorq. The 4F27E mated with the 2.0 Duratec engine. A CVT automatic was also available^[2]

Facelift

In December 2006, the facelifted version of the C-Max was revealed at the 2006 Bologna Motor Show and went on sale in late spring 2007.^[3] The pre-facelift version of the car (2003–2007) was called the Ford Focus C-Max. The name change to C-Max is attributable to Ford's MPV strategy of creating a 'Max' branded line of MPVs, starting with the Ford S-Max, launched in 2006.

The facelift brought the car in line with Ford's 'Kinetic Design' design language, evidenced through its twin trapezoidal grilles, large wheel arches and angular headlights. However, as the car does not have a bodyshell originally designed for 'Kinetic Design,' Ford officially states that the car contains only 'elements' of the design language.

Second generation (2011–present)

Alongside the third generation Ford Focus Mk III, the second generation C-Max (C344) is built on Ford's new Global C platform. The appearance is inspired by the Iosis Max concept, shown at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show. In addition, Ford added a long wheelbase, seven-seat minivan variant of the C-Max, the Ford Grand C-Max^[4]

The vehicle was unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.^[5] Early European models include 5 seats, and 7-seat models entered the market at the end of 2010 (except Russia, where there is only the 7-seat model). At the 2011 North American International Auto Show, Ford announced a 7-seat C-MAX for the North American market.^[6] However, this model was cancelled prior to launch.^[7]

Ford unveiled the Ford C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid and the C-Max Hybrid at the 2011 North American International Auto Show. Like the conventional C-Max, the C-Max Energi and Hybrid are five-seat only. They replace the Ford Escape Hybrid and Mercury Mariner Hybrid since Ford discontinued the Mercury brand after the 2011 model year and the Escape Hybrid after the 2012 year model. The C-Max is Ford's first hybrid-only line of vehicles. Both the plug-in and hybrid version designs are based on the European gasoline- and diesel-powered versions.^[8]

The C-Max Hybrid was released in the United States in September 2012 as a 2013 model year,^[9] followed by the release of the plug-in Energi version by mid October 2012.^[9]

Production of the C-Max Energi in the United States ended in September 2017, while Hybrid production ended in 2018.^[10]

Features

The new Mk III platform is the first in its class to support Torque Vectoring Control (TVC).^[11]

The redesigned C-Max features flat folding third row seats, a hands free power lift gate, rear view camera, park assist, and panoramic sunroof. HD Radio, Sirius XM, Sync, dual-zone climate control system, and navigation system come as standard or as available options on the different trim lines.

The aerodynamics (drag coefficient, c_w) of the car has been improved, being 0,30 for the 5 seater and 0,32 for the Grand C-Max.^[11]

Conventional engines and transmissions

Like the previous C-Max, the new C-Max also comes with a range of petrol and diesel four-cylinder engines which are shared with the Focus:

Transmissions mated with engines are Ford IB5 (1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT), B6 (1.6 EcoBoost/1.6 Duratorq), Durashift MMT6 (2.0 Duratorq) manual and Ford Powershift double-clutch transmission available with the 2.0 Duratorq engine.

Hybrid

Ford developed the C-Max Hybrid with the aim to become "America’s most affordable hybrid utility vehicle." The gasoline-electric hybrid model base pricing starts at {{USD|24,995}}, including destination and delivery.^[14]^[12]

Specifications

The front-wheel drive hybrid has a 2-liter four-cylinder Atkinson cycle engine mated to an electric motor and a 1.4 kWh lithium-ion battery for total power output of 188 hp (140 kW). The top speed in all-electric mode of {{convert|62|mph|abbr=on}} and the car's top speed in hybrid mode is {{convert|115|mph|abbr=on}}.^[8]^[17]^[13]

The hybrid has a maximum cargo volume of {{convert|52.6|cuft|L|abbr=on}} with rear seats folded flat, and {{convert|24.5|cuft|L|abbr=on}} in the cargo area behind the rear seats, providing more room than the regular Prius liftback, but less cargo room than the Prius v, which provides {{convert|67.3|cuft|L|abbr=on}} with the rear seats folded.^[8]^[14]

The SE features eco-friendly cloth seating surfaces, Ford SYNC system with A/M-F/M stereo with single-disc CD/MP3 player, USB and auxiliary input jacks, six speakers, a multi-informational gauge cluster and color display screen, keyless entry, alloy wheels, and split-folding rear bench seat, plus a security alarm.

The SEL adds leather seating surfaces, MyFord Touch with AM/FM HD Radio stereo with single-disc CD/MP3 player and USB and auxiliary input jacks, a Sony premium surround sound system, SIRIUS Satellite Radio, power dual front seats, keyless access, push-button start system, and other luxury features. For the 2017 model year, the SEL trim level on both the C-Max Hybrid and Energi will be renamed to the Titanium trim level and also all the 2017 Ford C-Max Hybrids and plug-in Energis are expected to have restyled headlights and taillights.

The Energi Plug-In Hybrid is only available in SEL trim. But for the 2017 model year the C-Max Energi is also available on the SE trim level.

EPA ratings

Ford's design aimed for the C-Max Hybrid to deliver better fuel economy than the Toyota Prius v.^[21] Ford had reduced its estimated fuel economy twice, once in 2013 and again in 2014, with the second revision placing fuel economy below the Prius V.^[15] The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initially rated the hybrid model at {{convert|47|mpgus|abbr=on}} with the same rating for combined/city/highway cycles. These ratings allowed the C-Max Hybrid to improve the fuel economy of the Toyota Prius v by 3 mpg_-US on the city cycle, by 7 mpg_-US on the highway cycle and by 5 mpg_-US combined.^[16] However, after criticism and lawsuits about worse-than-expected real-world fuel economy, in August 2013 Ford voluntarily lowered the EPA ratings and issued customer rebates. The revised fuel economy ratings were reduced to {{convert|45|mpgus|abbr=on}} for city driving, {{convert|43|mpgus|abbr=on}} for combined and {{convert|40|mpgus|abbr=on}} for highway.^[17] The revised rating for the updated 2013 C-Max Hybrid is still better than the {{convert|42|mpgus|abbr=on}} combined rating for the Toyota Prius v.^[18] A second downward revision was made during June 2014.

Ford boosted the on-road fuel efficiency of its three 2013 model year hybrids through changes in the cars' vehicle control software in an effort to improve customer satisfaction. The upgrade was offered free of charge to existing owners of these hybrids. Some of the changes include:^[19]

Sales

A total of 969 units were sold during September 2012, allowing the C-Max Hybrid to rank as the ninth-best selling hybrid car in the United States that month.^[20] During October, its first full month in the market, 3,182 units were sold, outselling the Prius v by more than 400 units, which had ranked as the fourth most sold hybrid in the previous months. Sales of the C-Max Hybrid also led Ford to achieve its best October hybrid sales month ever with a total of 4,612 sales, up 142% over October 2011. Ford reported that 25% of C-Max Hybrid sales took place in California, with Los Angeles and San Francisco as the top selling regional markets.^[21]^[22] A total of 10,935 C-Max Hybrids were sold during 2012,^[30] and a total of 28,056 units in 2013.^[31] After Ford cut the car's EPA fuel economy rating by 4 miles (6.4 kilometers) per gallon to 43 mpg in the middle of 2012, the car experienced its three worst sales months since it debuted in the U.S.^[23] Since its inception, a total of 72,330 units have been sold in the United States through December 2015.^[30]^[31]^[35]^[36]

Fuel economy controversies

In December 2012, Motor Trend reported that Consumer Reports and Green Car Reports have found that the 2013 Ford C-Max Hybrid and 2013 Ford Fusion Hybrid, which share the same powertrain, do not deliver their triple {{convert|47|mpgus|abbr=on}} EPA ratings in real-world use.^[24]^[25]^[26] After running both vehicles through Consumer Reports real-world tests, the magazine found that C-Max hybrid achieved a combined fuel economy average of {{convert|37|mpgus|abbr=on}}, with {{convert|35|mpgus|abbr=on}} and {{convert|38|mpgus|abbr=on}} for city and highway.^[25] Green Car Reports found that the C-Max delivered {{convert|37|mpgus|abbr=on}} over {{convert|50|mi|abbr=on}} of mixed freeway and urban driving, and {{convert|40|mpgus|abbr=on}} over {{convert|240|mi|abbr=on}} mostly at freeway speeds.^[26]

Consumer Reports concluded that the overall fuel economy for the C-Max Hybrid is off by 10 mpg, representing a deviation of about 20%. The consumer magazine said that their overall fuel economy results are usually close to the EPA's combined-mpg estimate, and among current models tested, more than 80% fall within 2 mpg margin. The largest discrepancy the magazine has previously found was 7 and 6 mpg for the Toyota Prius C and the Prius hatchback, respectively.^[25]^[43] Ford responded in a statement, saying that, "Early C-MAX Hybrid and Fusion Hybrid customers praise the vehicles and report a range of fuel economy figures, including some reports above 47 mpg. This reinforces the fact that driving styles, driving conditions, and other factors can cause mileage to vary."^[27]^[45]

A few days later the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) said it would review claims that two new Ford hybrid vehicles were not delivering the advertised 47 mpg. Linc Wehrly, Director of Light-duty Vehicle Center Compliance Division at EPA's National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan commented that hybrids had far more variability in miles per gallon than conventional vehicles. All vehicles are run through the same EPA fuel-efficiency test but the test is not administered by the EPA; instead the automakers conduct the test and EPA often conducts reviews. Most vehicles's real-world gas mileage is less than the EPA sticker number, and can often be 20% less than depending on speed, temperature and other factors. The EPA explained that with hybrids the gap was much wider, as high as 30%.^[28]

The problem lay with EPA's rules that allowed automakers to group similar vehicles and apply the same ratings, which Ford did with the Fusion hybrid and C-Max hybrids.^[29]

Ford Motor Co. officials said the real-world fuel-efficiency in the C-Max Hybrid depended on driving style and other factors, and t rt he company did not expect the car's fuel efficiency numbers to change, as they followed EPA's test guidelines. Ford said they we re working closely with the EPA to determine if changes were needed for the industry relative to hybrid vehicle testing. They explained that several factors could affect hybrid fuel economy more than that of regular gasoline engines, including speed (as the difference between 75 mph and 65 mph could produce a 7-mpg difference in fuel economy); outside temperature (the difference between 40 °F and 70 °F could result in a 5 mpg difference); and vehicle break-in (a 5 mpg difference could occur from the difference 0 miles to 6,0 miles).^[30]^[31]

Due to the criticism and lawsuits, in July 2013 Ford announced it would boost the on-road fuel efficiency of the C-Max and its other two 2013 hybrids through changes in the vehicle control software, in an effort to improve customer satisfaction.^[19] In August 2013, the carmaker voluntarily reduced the official EPA ratings in August 2013.^[17] They also announced they would issue rebates to some 32,000 C-Max owners who would be notified by mail. The payment would be {{USD|550}} to U.S. customers who purchased C-Maxes, and {{USD|325}} to customers who had leased them.^[17]

After the Ford announcement, the EPA stated that it will update the test procedures used to assign fuel economy ratings to cars "to ensure that the requirements keep pace with industry trends and innovations in advanced high-efficiency vehicles." Ford used the Fusion Hybrid test to generate the fuel economy label for the C-Max Hybrid following EPA's rules. These, which date to the 1970s, specify that automakers can use the same fuel economy numbers for similar-size vehicles equipped with the same engines and transmissions. The EPA requires automakers to test the fuel economy of the biggest-selling model in a specific category. In its midsize hybrid class, Ford tested the Fusion sedan version because it was the top seller, and Ford was allowed to apply the {{convert|47|mpgus|abbr=on}} achieved with the Fusion Hybrid in combined, city and highway driving to the C-Max hybrid. Ford has no plans to change the fuel economy ratings on the 2013 Fusion hybrid.^[17]^[32]

Plug-in hybrid

The C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid starts at {{USD|27,995}}^[33] including the destination fee. According to its battery size, the plug-in car qualifies for a federal tax credit of {{USD|4,007}},^[34] and it is eligible for additional incentives at the state and local level, such as California's {{USD|1,500}} rebate.^[35]

The Plug-in Energi Hybrid family is currently either in or will soon be facing a class action suit due to the massive wear out rate on the battery storage capacity. https://www.girardgibbs.com/ford-mpg/

This is similar to the issues that affected early Nissan Leaf class action. https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1099200_nissan-leaf-battery-capacity-lawsuit-court-approves-settlement

The reason why they are similar is that similar language was used in the initial battery warranty by Nissan as is currently used by Ford.. that battery capacity loss is not warrantied whatsoever. In fact, this was not found to be acceptable for Nissan and a 20% limit was imposed, so only a matter of time before Ford is called to pay to repair, replace or otherwise make whole the many C-Max and Fusion Energi customers (the two cars shared the Energi battery system) who have massively reduced electric range. What is typically seen is that in hot areas the ability to hold charge goes from "new" of about 5.8 kwh to less than 4.0 kwh, over a 30% drop in electric range, and in some instances that happens in 30,000 miles or less.

Specifications

The C-Max Energi was designed with total 188 hp (140 kW) in hybrid mode delivered by a 2.0-liter Atkinson cycle four-cylinder gasoline engine plus an electric motor powered by a 7.6 kWh lithium-ion battery pack, which is smaller and lighter than nickel metal hydride batteries used in previous Ford generation hybrids.^[13]^[60] The electric drivetrain can produce a peak power of 68 kW, limited by the size of the electric motor and the power delivery capability of the battery pack, and delivers a total system power of 195 hp (150 kW) in charge-depleting mode (EV mode).^[13] The C-Max Energi is capable of reaching a top electric-only speed of {{convert|85|mph|abbr=on}}, exceeding the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid by more than {{convert|20|mph|abbr=on}}.^[16] The top speed in hybrid mode is {{convert|115|mph|abbr=on}}.^[13]

The C-Max Energi uses a regenerative braking system capable of capturing and reusing more than 95% of the braking energy normally lost during the braking process. The charging time for the C-Max Energi is 7 hours with a 120 volt charger, and 2.5 hours with a 240 volt charger. The charge port has a LED light ring like the Ford Focus Electric and is located on the driver’s side and near the front of the car. The light ring illuminates to indicate charge status. The battery is covered by an eight years or {{convert|100000|mi|abbr=on}} component warranty.^[13]^[60]^[36]

Ford equipped the C-Max Energi with a button mounted in the center stack that enables drivers to choose an electric-only driving mode, and allows the driver to switch vehicle operation between three modes: electric-only driving without gasoline engine power ("EV Now" setting); normal hybrid mode where the powertrain blends electric and gasoline engine power as appropriate ("EV Auto" setting); or a battery-saving mode that reserves the battery power for later use ("EV Later" setting).^[16] Like the Ford Fusion Hybrid, the C-Max Energi comes with a SmartGauge with EcoGuide that provides in-vehicle customizable displays, including instantaneous fuel economy readings and coaching functions to help drivers understand and optimize their fuel efficiency. The plug-in hybrid also features ECO Cruise which saves energy by relaxing acceleration compared to standard cruise control.^[13]^[60]

EPA ratings

Ford designed the C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid to deliver better miles per gallon equivalent (MPG-e) in all-electric mode than the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid.^[37]^[38] Initially, the EPA rated the Energi combined city/highway fuel economy in all-electric mode at 100 MPG-e ({{convert|100|mpgus|L/100km|abbr=on|disp=out|1}}).^[39]^[40] Later, due to complaints from owners not achieving the sticker fuel economy, and following a technical review, the official EPA rating in EV mode was downgraded to 88 MPG-e ({{convert|88|mpgus|L/100km|abbr=on|disp=out|1}}).^[55] In a similar way, initially the EPA rating in hybrid-gasoline mode was {{convert|43|mpgUS|abbr=on}},^[41] but it was later downgraded to {{convert|38|mpgUS|abbr=on}}.^[42] EPA's rating for combined EV/hybrid operation is 51 MPG-e (4.6 L gasoline equivalent/100 km), which allows the C-Max Energi to rank in sixth place, together with the Fusion Energi, among the top ten EPA-Rated Fuel Sippers since 1984.^[43]

The C-Max Energi has an all-electric range of {{Convert|20|mi|abbr=on}}, for a total EPA certified range of {{convert|550|mi|abbr=on}},^[42] which in 2012 surpassed both the generation 1 Chevrolet Volt ({{convert|380|mi|abbr=on}}), and the Prius Plug-in Hybrid ({{convert|540|mi|abbr=on}}).^[44]

Sales

Ford released the C-Max Energi in the U.S. market by mid October 2012, and during that month 144 units were delivered to U.S. retail customers,^[45] and ended with 2,374 units delivered in 2012.^[30] The C-Max Energi ranked as the fifth top selling plug-in electric car in the U.S. during 2013,^[31] and climbed to number fourth in 2014.^[35] Over 35,700 units have been sold in North America and Europe through December 2016, with 33,509 units delivered in the U.S. through December 2016,^[46]^[47]^[48]^[49]^[50] 967 units in Canada through December 2016,^[51] and 1,229 in the Netherlands in 2015.^[52]

C-Max Solar Energi concept

Ford Motor Company announced the C-MAX Solar Energi concept, a solar PV-powered vehicle to run electrically without depending on the electric grid for fuel. The C-MAX Solar Energi Concept was unveiled at the 2014 International CES in Las Vegas. This is a collaborative project of Ford, SunPower Corp. and the Georgia Institute of Technology.^[53]^[54]

Recognition

In Europe, the C-Max is designed with lower VOC and allergens, along with several other Ford vehicles.^[57]

Production

For the North American market, the C-Max Hybrid was assembled alongside the 2012 Focus and Ford Focus Electric at Ford's Wayne plant in Michigan. The C-Max Energi was also assembled in Michigan. Since 2015 all European versions are built in the Saarlouis Body & Assembly, Germany.^[58] Ford of Europe has announced that it will end production of both the C-Max and Grand C-Max in Germany by the end of the second quarter of 2019.

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=25711 |title=New Ford C-Max production begins in Saarlouis, Germany |publisher=Media.ford.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525173914/http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=25711 |archivedate=2011-05-25 |df= }}
2. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/ford/c-max/15743/ford-c-max-zetec-durashift-cvt | title=Ford C-MAX Zetec Durashift CVT}}
3. ^Ford Motor Company - Press Release - Ford Previews New C-Max At Bologna Motor Show {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125214513/http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=24947&make_id=trust |date=January 25, 2007 }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/news/autoexpressnews/234878/new_focus_on_horizon.html|title=New Focus on horizon|publisher=autoexpress.co.uk|date=2009-03-30|accessdate=2009-07-18}}
5. ^{{cite web|last=Paukert |first=Chris |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2009/09/03/ford-teases-new-five-seat-c-max-people-mover-ahead-of-frankfurt/ |title=Ford teases 2011 five-seat C-Max people mover ahead of Frankfurt debut |publisher=Autoblog.com |date=2009-09-03 |accessdate=2010-10-05}}
6. ^{{cite web|last=Abuelsamid |first=Sam |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2009/09/15/all-new-2011-ford-focus-to-debut-at-detroit-auto-show/ |title=All new 2011 Ford Focus to debut at Detroit Auto Show |publisher=Auto blog.com |date=2009-09-15 |accessdate=2010-10-05}}
7. ^{{cite web|last=Korzeniewski |first=Jeremy |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2011/06/09/ford-cancels-seven-passenger-c-max-for-north-america-focuses-so/ |title=Official: Ford cancels seven-passenger C-Max for U.S., focuses solely on Hybrid and Energi models |publisher=Auto Blog |date=2011-06-09 |accessdate=2011-06-09}}
8. ^¹²{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/C-Max-Hybrid-A-Ford-challenges-Prius-3915780.php|title=C-Max Hybrid: A Ford challenges Prius|date=2012-10-12|work=The San Francisco Chronicle|author=Ann M. Job|accessdate=2012-10-13}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.plugincars.com/fords-evs-starting-slow-and-waiting-market-125120.html|title=Ford's Electric Cars: Starting Slow, and Waiting for the Market|date=2012-11-02|publisher=PluginCars.com|author=Jim Motavalli|accessdate=2012-11-03}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.motortrend.com/news/ford-discontinues-c-max-production-for-u-s-market/ |title=Ford will discontinue C-Max production for U.S. market |publisher=Motor Trend |date= |accessdate=2018-03-12}}
11. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.fordfan.de/fordcars/fordhighlights/ford-grand-c-max_3014/der-neue-ford-c-max-im-detail_2469/index.html |title=Ford Grand C-MAX / FordHighlights / FordCars / Ford Fan Site |publisher=Fordfan.de |date=2010-09-15 |accessdate=2011-06-18}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nadaguides.com/Cars/2017/Ford/C-Max-Hybrid/SE-FWD/Pricing|title=New 2017 Ford C-Max Hybrid SE FWD MSRP Prices|website=NADAguides|access-date=2017-04-06}}
13. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web |url=http://www.ford.com/cars/cmax/specifications/engine/ |title=2013 C-MAX Specifications - Engine |author=Ford Motor Co. |publisher=Ford |accessdate=2012-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929044650/http://www.ford.com/cars/cmax/specifications/engine/ |archive-date=2012-09-29 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ford.com/cars/cmax/specifications/capacities/|title=2013 C-MAX Specifications - Capacities|author=Ford Motor Co.|publisher=Ford|accessdate=2012-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123024831/http://www.ford.com/cars/cmax/specifications/capacities/|archive-date=2014-01-23|dead-url=yes|df=}}
15. ^http://blogs.cars.com/kickingtires/2014/06/fords-revised-mileage-figures-match-what-weve-observed-mostly.html
16. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/08/cmax-20120807.html|title=Ford C-MAX Hybrid EPA-rated at 47 mpg city, 47 mpg highway; plug-in Energi version offers 85 mph top electric speed |author=Ford Media|publisher=Green Car Congress|date=2012-08-07|accessdate=2012-08-07}}
17. ^¹²³{{cite news|url=http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130815/OEM05/130819953/ford-lowers-fuel-economy-rating-on-c-max-hybrid-to-43-mpg#axzz2c5j0FBiD|title=Ford lowers fuel economy rating on C-Max hybrid 8.5% to 43 mpg|author=Nick Bunkley, Bradford Wernle and Gabe Nelson|work=Automotive News|date=2013-08-15|accessdate=2013-08-16}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://green.autoblog.com/2013/08/15/ford-c-max-hybrid-rerated-at-43-mpg-owners-offered-rebates/#continued |title=Ford C-Max hybrid rerated at 43 mpg, owners offered rebates|author=Sebastian Blanco|publisher=Autoblog Green|date=2013-08-15|accessdate=2013-08-16}} See Press Release.
19. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1085595_2013-ford-c-max-fusion-hybrids-to-be-modified-to-boost-mpg-in-real-world-use|title=2013 Ford C-Max, Fusion Hybrids To Be Modified To Boost MPG In Real-World Use |author=John Voelcker |publisher=Green Car Reports|date=2013-07-17|accessdate=2013-08-16}}
20. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/news/september-2012-dashboard-53157.html|title=September 2012 Dashboard|author=HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates|publisher=HybridCars.com|date=2012-10-04|accessdate=2012-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115123641/http://www.hybridcars.com/news/september-2012-dashboard-53157.html|archive-date=2012-11-15|dead-url=yes|df=}} See September 2012 Hybrid Car Sales Numbers
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/news/notable-sales-spikes-electrified-vehicles-october-58458.html|title=Notable Sales Spikes For Electrified Vehicles In October|author=Jeff Cobb|publisher=HybridCars.com|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2012-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105041643/http://www.hybridcars.com/news/notable-sales-spikes-electrified-vehicles-october-58458.html|archive-date=2012-11-05|dead-url=yes|df=}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/11/cmax-20121102.html|title=Ford C-MAX Hybrid posts 3,182 units in first full month of sales, outpacing Prius v |author=Ford Media |publisher=Green Car Congress|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2012-11-02}}
23. ^{{cite web|last=Trudell|first=Craig|title=Ford Widens U.S. Sales Lead Over Toyota on Hybrid Models|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-30/ford-widens-u-s-sales-lead-over-toyota-on-hybrid-models.html|work=Bloomberg|accessdate=28 February 2014}}
24. ^{{cite news|url=http://wot.motortrend.com/we-hear-2013-ford-fusion-hybrid-2013-ford-c-max-hybrid-dont-achieve-epa-fuel-economy-ratings-300391.html#axzz2FqEZN68f|title=We Hear: 2013 Ford Fusion Hybrid, C-Max Hybrid Don’t Achieve EPA Fuel-Economy Ratings |author= Jake Holmes|work=Motor Trend|date=2012-12-04|accessdate=2012-12-24}}
25. ^¹²{{cite news|url=http://news.consumerreports.org/cars/2012/12/video-tests-show-2013-ford-fusion-c-max-hybrids-dont-live-up-to-47-mpg-claims.html|title=Tests show Ford Fusion, C-Max hybrids don't live up to 47-mpg claims |author=Consumer Reports |publisher=Consumer Reports|date=2012-12-06|accessdate=2012-12-24}}
26. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1080580_ford-hybrids-fuel-economy-failing-to-live-up-to-epa-ratings|title=Ford Hybrids' Fuel Economy Failing To Live Up To EPA Ratings? |author=John Voelcker|publisher=Green Car Reports|date=2012-11-20|accessdate=2012-12-24}}
27. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/autos/la-fi-hy-ford-inflated-fuel-economy-20121206,0,1964927.story|title=Consumer Reports says Ford Fusion, C-Max don't achieve MPG claims |author=Jerry Hirsch|work=Los Angeles Times|date=2012-12-06|accessdate=2012-12-24}}
28. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20121208/AUTO0102/212080368#ixzz2FwSbbWeI|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130122141818/http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20121208/AUTO0102/212080368%23ixzz2FwSbbWeI#ixzz2FwSbbWeI|dead-url=yes|title=EPA will review Ford C-Max, Fusion 47 mpg claims|author=David Shepardson and Karl Henkel|work=The Detroit News|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2012-12-24}}
29. ^{{cite web|last=Woodyard|first=Chris|title=Ford lowers C-Max hybrid's mpg rating, offers rebates|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2013/08/15/ford-cmax-mp/2660371/|work=USA Today|accessdate=28 February 2014}}
30. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20121214/AUTO0102/212140426#ixzz2FwWJSPE7|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130121123808/http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20121214/AUTO0102/212140426%23ixzz2FwWJSPE7#ixzz2FwWJSPE7|dead-url=yes|title=Ford stands behind fuel efficiency numbers for C-Max Hybrid|author=KARL HENKEL|work=The Detroit News|date=2012-12-14|accessdate=2012-12-24}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/12/cmax-20121215.html|title=Ford's math on hybrid fuel economy; standing by the C-MAX EPA ratings, acknowledging large real-world variance|publisher=Green Car Congress|date=2012-12-15|accessdate=2012-12-24}}
32. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/16/business/us-to-bring-gas-mileage-rules-to-era-of-hybrids.html?ref=automobiles&_r=1&|title=U.S. to Bring Gas Mileage Rules to Era of Hybrids |author=Bill Vlasic|work=The New York Times|date=2013-08-15|accessdate=2013-08-17}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nadaguides.com/Cars/2017/Ford/C-Max-Energi/SE-FWD/Pricing|title=2017 Ford C-Max Energi|publisher=NADAguides.com}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.irs.gov/businesses/30d-new-qualified-plug-in-electric-drive-motor-vehicles-ford-motor-company|title=New Qualified Plug-in Electric Drive Motor Vehicles – Ford Motor Company|publisher=Internal Revenue Service|date=2017-01-31|accessdate=2017-04-06}}
35. ^{{cite news|url=http://green.autoblog.com/2012/07/24/ford-c-max-energi-plug-in-hybrid-priced-at-33-745-or-29-995-a/ |title=Ford C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid priced at $33,745; or $29,995 after tax credit *UPDATED|author=Sebastian Blanco|work=Autoblog Green|accessdate=2012-07-24|date=2012-07-25}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/07/cmaxenergi-20120720.html|title=Ford expects 95 MPGe combined fuel economy, 20-mile all electric range from C-MAX Energi plug-in hybrid|author=Ford media (press release)|publisher=Green Car Congress|date=2012-07-20|accessdate=2012-07-21}}
37. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/cars/2013-ford-c-max-hybrid-47-mpg-city-better-than-prius-v/2012/07/05/gJQAZVJxPW_story.html|title=2013 Ford C-Max Hybrid: 47 MPG City, Better Than Prius V?|author=Suzanne Kane|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=2012-07-21|date=2012-07-05}}
38. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2011/12/focus-20111214.html|title=Ford begins production of 2012 Focus Electric at Michigan Assembly, C-MAX models on deck|publisher=Green Car Congress|date=2011-12-14|accessdate=2011-12-17}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=37343|title=Ford C-MAX Energi: Most Range, More Efficiency and Affordability Than Any Plug-in Hybrid|author=Ford Motor Company|publisher=Media Ford|date=2012-11-08|accessdate=2012-12-02|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111105635/http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=37343|archivedate=2012-11-11|df=}} EPA ratings in MPG-e for combine, city and highway cycles.
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://green.autoblog.com/2012/10/11/ford-c-max-energi-plug-in-hybrid-rated-at-100-mpge/#continued|title=Ford C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid rated at 100 MPGe, combined|author=Sebastian Blanco|publisher=Autoblog Greendate=2012-10-11|accessdate=2012-10-11}} See details in Press Release.
41. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/news/108-city-mpge-rating-c-max-energi-53858.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015002318/http://www.hybridcars.com/news/108-city-mpge-rating-c-max-energi-53858.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2012-10-15|title=108 City MPGe Rating For C-MAX Energi|author=Philippe Crowe|publisher=HybridCars.com|date=2012-10-11|accessdate=2012-10-11}}
42. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=34662&id=34089&id=33398&id=33336&#tab1|title=Compare Side-by-Side - 2013/14 Ford C-Max Plug-in Hybrid and 2013/14 Ford Fusion Plug-in Hybrid|publisher=Fueleconomy.gov|author=U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy|date=2014-10-03|accessdate=2014-10-06}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/topten.jsp|title=Fueleconomy.gov's Top Ten EPA-Rated Fuel Sippers (1984 to present) - All Years |publisher=fueleconomy.gov|author=U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy|date=2014-10-10|accessdate=2014-10-11}} Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "EPA Rated - All Years. The 2013-2014 Fusion/C-Max Energi has a combined electric/hybrid fuel economy of 51 MPG-e, 55 MPG-e in city and 46 MPG-e in highway.
44. ^{{cite news|url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/16/ford-c-max-energi-plug-in-hybrid-is-certified-at-620-miles-of-range/?ref=automobiles|title=Ford C-Max Energi Plug-in Hybrid Is Certified at 620 Miles of Range|author=Jim Motavalli|work=The New York Times|date=2012-10-11|accessdate=2012-10-17}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/news/october-2012-dashboard-58806.html|title=October 2012 Dashboard|author=HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates|publisher=HybridCars.com|date=2012-11-04|accessdate=2012-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106234753/http://www.hybridcars.com/news/october-2012-dashboard-58806.html|archive-date=2012-11-06|dead-url=yes|df=}}
46. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2012-dashboard|title=December 2012 Dashboard |author=Jeff Cobb|publisher=HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates|date=2013-01-08|accessdate=2013-02-09}} See the section: December 2012 Plug-in Electric Car Sales Numbers
47. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2013-dashboard/|title=December 2013 Dashboard|author=Jeff Cobb|publisher=HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates|date=2014-01-06|accessdate=2014-01-07}}
48. ^¹²{{cite news|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2014-dashboard/|title=December 2014 Dashboard|author=Jeff Cobb|work=HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates|date=2015-01-06|accessdate=2015-08-08}} See section "December 2014 Plug-in Hybrid Car Sales Numbers"
49. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2015-dashboard/|title=December 2015 Dashboard|first=Jeff |last=Cobb |work=HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates|date=2016-01-06|accessdate=2016-03-20}} See section "December 2015 Plug-in Hybrid Car Sales Numbers"
50. ^{{ cite news | url=http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2016-dashboard/ |title= December 2016 Dashboard | first= Jeff | last=Cobb | work= HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates | date=2017-01-05 |accessdate=2017-02-20}}
51. ^{{cite web|first=Matthew |last=Klippenstein|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dLFJwZVdvNLRpmZqPznlzz6PB9eHMe5b-bai_ddRsNg/edit#gid=25|title=Canadian Plug-in Electric Vehicle Sales |publisher=Green Car Reports 7date=February 2016 |accessdate=2017-02-21}}Tesla Model S sales figures from IHS data.
52. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ev-sales.blogspot.com.br/2016/01/netherlands-december-2015.html |title= Netherlands December 2015 |last=Jose |first=Pontes|publisher=EVSales.com|date=2016-01-07|accessdate=2016-03-20}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.at.ford.com/news/cn/Pages/CSun.aspx|title=Let the Sun In: Ford C-MAX Solar Energi Concept Goes Off the Grid, Gives Glimpse of Clean Vehicle Future |date=2 January 2014|publisher=Ford|accessdate=2 January 2014}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/101304906|title=Ford develops solar powered car for everyday use|last=LeBeau|first=Philip|date=2014-01-02|publisher=CNBC|accessdate=2014-01-02}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://green.autoblog.com/2012/01/26/ford-c-max-energi-wins-2012-green-car-vision-award/?a_dgi=aolshare_email|title=Ford C-Max Energi wins 2012 Green Car Vision Award|author=Sebastian Blkanco|publisher=Autoblog Green|date=2012-01-26|accessdate=2012-01-26}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2012/11/29/ford-fusion-wins-2013-green-car-of-the-year/|title=Ford Fusion wins 2013 Green Car Of The Year |author=Sebastian Blanco|publisher=Autoblog.com |date=2012-11-29|accessdate=2012-11-29}}
57. ^{{cite web|title=Ford|url=http://corporate.ford.com/microsites/sustainability-report-2011-12/environment-products-materials-interior.html)|website=Ford article on Green vehicles|publisher=Ford}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.insideline.com/ford/c-max/ford-c-max-energi-and-c-max-hybrid-2011-detroit-auto-show.html|title=Ford C-Max Energi and C-Max Hybrid: 2011 Detroit Auto Show|date=2011-01-11|publisher=Edmunds.com Inside Line|accessdate=2011-01-28}}

First generation (2003–2010)

Engines and transmissions

Facelift

Second generation (2011–present)

Features

Conventional engines and transmissions

Hybrid

Specifications

EPA ratings

Sales

Fuel economy controversies

Plug-in hybrid

Specifications

EPA ratings

Sales

C-Max Solar Energi concept

Recognition

Production

See also

References

External links