词条 | United States Bicycle Route System | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| title = United States Bicycle Route System | markers = | caption = 1978, 2009, and (alternative) 2012 route markers | map = | map_alt = | map_notes = | formed = 1978 | length_mi = 13099 | length_ref = [1] | label1 = US Routes: | field1 = U.S. Bicycle Route nn (USBR nn) | notes = | country= USA | type = USBR }} The United States Bicycle Route System (abbreviated USBRS) is the national cycling route network of the United States. It consists of interstate long-distance cycling routes that use multiple types of bicycling infrastructure, including off-road paths, bicycle lanes, and low-traffic roads. As with the complementary United States Numbered Highways system for motorists, each U.S. Bicycle Route is maintained by state and local governments. The USBRS is intended to eventually traverse the entire country, like the Dutch National Cycle Routes and the United Kingdom's National Cycle Network, yet at a scale similar to the EuroVelo network that spans Europe. The USBRS was established in 1978 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the same body that coordinates the numbering of Interstate highways and U.S. Routes. The first two U.S. Bicycle Routes were established in 1982 and remained the only two until 2011. Steady growth and interest in the system has followed since.[1][3][4] {{As of|June 2018}}, 24 parent routes and 14 child routes extend {{convert|13099|mi}} across 26 states and the District of Columbia.[2] The system, once fully connected, is projected to encompass over {{convert|50000|mi}} of bike routes.[6] LayoutLike United States Numbered Highways and many national routing systems, the U.S. Bicycle Route system is designed to roughly follow a grid. Mainline routes are the major cross-country routes and are represented with one- or two-digit numbers. Even-numbered routes are planned to primarily run east–west, with low-numbered routes in the north and high-numbered routes in the south. Odd-numbered routes will primarily run north–south, with low-numbered routes starting in the east and ascending in number toward the west. Three-digit numbers are assigned to auxiliary routes, with the last two digits denoting the parent that the auxiliary connects to. Much like other routing systems, the grid is sometimes violated; for example, U.S. Bicycle Route 76 (USBR 76) is projected to turn to the north in Colorado and end in Oregon as opposed to California, south of (and temporarily concurrent with) USBR 20 but far north of USBR 50. The existing USBR 1 will be the easternmost route, though USBR 5 will run farther east of it in Virginia and the Carolinas. The westernmost and northernmost routes are USBR 97 and USBR 8, respectively, both of which are in the state of Alaska. Outside of Alaska, the westernmost route is expected to be USBR 95 and the northernmost USBR 10. USBR 90 is expected to be the southernmost route. Despite the analogy the system has to the U.S. Highway system, the USBRS's route numbers do not necessarily trace the same route as the corresponding U.S. Highway number; for example, while USBR 1 will run close to the East Coast and thus parallel U.S. Route 1 (US 1), the projected route of USBR 10 generally follows US 2. In order for a route to qualify as a U.S. Bike Route, it needs to connect two or more states, connect multiple U.S. Bike Routes, or connect a U.S. Bike Route with a national border. HistoryThe USBRS was established in 1978 by AASHTO for the purpose of "facilitat[ing] travel between the states over routes which have been identified as being more suitable than others for cycling."[3] The first routes were defined in 1982: U.S. Bicycle Route 1 (USBR 1) from North Carolina to Virginia, and the stretch of USBR 76 from Illinois through Kentucky to Virginia. These two routes remained the only routes in the system until 2011. In the interim, only minor routing changes had been made in Virginia. AASHTO established a new task force in 2003 to study expansion of the system.[1][4][5] The task force included state and federal highway officials and representatives from bicycling organizations. In October 2008, AASHTO approved a national-level corridor and route designation plan.[6] Other organizations involved in the effort include state departments of transportation, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the Adventure Cycling Association. In 2009, the U.S. House of Representatives proposed moving the U.S. Bicycle Route System under the authority of the FHWA as part of a new Office of Livability.[7] In 2009, the FHWA published a new edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices that introduces a revised U.S. Bicycle Route shield. Compared to the 2003 edition, the new design swaps the bicycle symbol and route number.[4] In early May 2011, the first major expansion of the system was made. Five new parent routes, two child routes, and one alternate route were created, along with modifications to the existing routes in Virginia and the establishment of USBR 1 in New England.[3][4]
In 2012, the FHWA approved the use of an alternative U.S. Bicycle Route marker design on an interim basis. The alternative design departs from the longstanding "acorn" shape in favor of a Reuleaux triangle placed over a green background.[8] {{As of|2018}}, the FHWA has given 13 states interim approval to use the alternative design.[9] Across 2013, several other additions to the system were made. After approval in 2012, signage for USBR 45 in Minnesota was completed in the summer. An expansion of USBR 76 into Missouri was signed in October, and both Tennessee and Maryland entered the system on November 5 with USBR 23 and USBR 50, respectively.[10] Florida has also begun planning on four bicycle routes, including its stretch of USBR 1 and USBR 90.[11] List of routes{{As of|June 2018}}, there are 24 official parent routes in varying stages of completion. In areas where a specific route has not been approved by AASHTO, there is only a prioritized corridor. The 14 existing subsidiary and alternate routes are grouped with their one- or two-digit parents.[2] Approved or signposted routes are currently located in the District of Columbia and 26 states: Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington. Alaska has the most of any state, with six active routes total.[12]
List of prioritized corridorsBelow is an incomplete list of prioritized corridors, "50-mile-wide areas where a route may be developed":
See also{{Portal|Cycling}}
U.S. state bicycle route systems:
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://fastlane.dot.gov/2010/07/us-bicycle-route-system-begins-connecting-america.html |title=US Bicycle Route System begins connecting America |first=Ray |last=Lahood |publisher=United States Department of Transportation |date=July 2, 2010 |accessdate=July 7, 2010}} [42][43]2. ^1 2 {{cite press release |title=The U.S. Bicycle Route System grows to 26 states and over 13,000 miles |location=Missoula, Montana |publisher=Adventure Cycling Association |date=June 12, 2018 |accessdate=August 19, 2018 |url=https://www.adventurecycling.org/about-us/media/press-releases/the-u-s-bicycle-route-system-grows-to-26-states-and-over-13-000-miles/}} 3. ^{{cite web |author=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |url=http://www.maine.gov/mdot/maines-transportation-systems/route-number-designations.php |title=Route Number Designations |via=Maine Department of Transportation |date=June 30, 1982 |access-date= May 12, 2006}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |first=Richard C. |last=Moeur |url=http://www.transportation.org/sites/scote/docs/2004meeting/presentations/Moeur.pdf |title=AASHTO Ad Hoc Task Force on U.S. Bicycle Routes |publisher=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |accessdate=May 12, 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060525150626/http://www.transportation.org/sites/scote/docs/2004meeting/presentations/Moeur.pdf |archive-date= May 25, 2006}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.transportation.org/sites/scote/docs/Moeur-US%20Bike%20Routes.pdf |title=AASHTO Task Force on Numbered Bicycle Routes |publisher=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official |accessdate=January 27, 2007}} 6. ^{{cite web |author=Adventure Cycling Association |url=http://www.adventurecycling.org/routes/nbrn/thedream.cfm |publisher=Adventure Cycling Association |title=Background on Current USBRS Effort |access-date= June 28, 2009}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://t4america.org/docs/062209_STAA_fulltext.pdf |title=Surface Transportation Authorization Act of 2009- Committee Draft |accessdate=June 28, 2009}} 8. ^{{cite letter|subject=Information: MUTCD — Interim Approval for the Optional Use of an Alternative Design for the U.S. Bicycle Route (M1-9) Sign (IA-15)|from=Jeffrey A.|last=Lindley|recipient=Directors of Field Services, Federal Lands Highway Division Engineers, Director of Technical Services, Division Administrators|date=June 1, 2012|accessdate=August 20, 2018|url=https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/resources/interim_approval/ia15/}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=List of Approved Requests for Interim Approval|publisher=Federal Highway Administration|date=July 10, 2018|accessdate=August 20, 2018|url=https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/resources/interim_approval/ialistreq.htm#ia15}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite press release |author=Adventure Cycling Association |url=http://www.adventurecycling.org/about-us/media/press-releases/new-us-bicycle-routes-approved-in-maryland-and-tennessee/ |title=New U.S. Bicycle Routes Approved in Maryland and Tennessee |publisher=Adventure Cycling Association |location=Missoula, MT |date=November 5, 2013 |accessdate=November 5, 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/palm-beach/fl-bike-trail-system-20131102,0,5315382.story |title=Florida Planning U.S. Bicycle Route for Long-Distance Bike Travel |date=November 10, 2013 |accessdate=November 11, 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web |title=National Corridor Plan |publisher=Adventure Cycling Association |date=June 2018 |accessdate=August 19, 2018 |url=https://www.adventurecycling.org/routes-and-maps/us-bicycle-route-system/national-corridor-plan/}} 13. ^1 {{cite web |title=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |publisher=Maine Department of Transportation |date=January 5, 2011 |page=3 |accessdate=October 4, 2015 |url=http://highways.transportation.org/Documents/BR1%C2%A0App.pdf }} 14. ^{{cite web |title=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |publisher=New Hampshire Department of Transportation |date=February 4, 2011 |page=3 |accessdate=October 4, 2015 |url=http://highways.transportation.org/Documents/NHDOT-Application-USBR1-2CueSheet.pdf }} 15. ^1 {{cite web |title=2010 Virginia Bicycling Guide |publisher=Virginia Department of Transportation |date=September 23, 2010 |accessdate=September 4, 2015 |page=5 |url=http://www.virginiadot.org/programs/resources/2VDOT_BikeGuide_Final_100719.pdf }} 16. ^{{cite letter |subject=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route (October 24, 2012) |first=Ananth |last=Prasad |recipient=Bud Wright |date=October 1, 2014 |accessdate=October 4, 2015 |page=23 |url=http://route.transportation.org/Documents/USBRS%201%20Florida%20Establish.pdf |format=PDF |via=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials}} 17. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite web |title=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |publisher=Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities |date=September 10, 2010 |accessdate=October 4, 2015 |url=http://ballot.transportation.org/FileDownload.aspx?attachmentType=Item&ID=192 |format=PDF}} 18. ^1 2 {{Cite web |title=US Bike Route showing no signs of growing pains |url=http://fastlane.dot.gov/2011/06/us-bike-route-growing.html |author=Ray Lahood |publisher=United States Department of Transportation |date=June 17, 2011}} 19. ^1 2 {{cite press release |author=Adventure Cycling Association |title=U.S. Bicycle Route System Expands 900 Miles, Adds Two States |publisher=Adventure Cycling Association |date=May 26, 2015 |accessdate=September 15, 2015 |url=http://www.adventurecycling.org/about-us/media/press-releases/u-s-bicycle-route-system-expands-900-miles-adds-two-states/}} 20. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite press release |author=Adventure Cycling Association |title=U.S. Bicycle Route System Grows to over 8,000 Miles |publisher=Adventure Cycling Association |date=December 16, 2014 |accessdate=October 4, 2015 |url=http://www.adventurecycling.org/about-us/media/press-releases/u-s-bicycle-route-system-grows-to-over-8-000-miles/}} 21. ^{{cite letter |subject=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |first=Jack A. |last=Anninos |recipient=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date=April 11, 2018 |accessdate=August 19, 2018 |url=https://route.transportation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/004_USRN_Part-1-AL-GA.pdf#page=80 |format=PDF}} 22. ^{{citation |title=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |first=Jerry |last=Scott |url=https://route.transportation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/09/ALL-USRN-Applications-MO-OH-Annual-Meeting-2018.pdf#page=11 |date=August 30, 2018 |accessdate=October 17, 2018 |format=PDF}} 23. ^{{cite letter |title=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |first=Jack A. |last=Anninos |recipient=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date=February 8, 2018 |accessdate=August 19, 2018 |url=https://route.transportation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/004_USRN_Part-1-AL-GA.pdf#page=111 |format=PDF}} 24. ^{{cite letter |title=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |first=Jack A. |last=Anninos |recipient=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date=February 8, 2018 |accessdate=August 19, 2018 |url=https://route.transportation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/004_USRN_Part-1-AL-GA.pdf#page=117 |format=PDF}} 25. ^{{citation |title=Kentucky expands cycling options with U.S. Bicycle Routes 21 and 23 |publisher=Adeventure Cycling Association |url=https://www.adventurecycling.org/about-us/media/press-releases/kentucky-expands-cycling-options-with-u-s-bicycle-routes-21-and-23/ |date=October 8, 2018}} 26. ^{{cite letter |subject=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |first=Roy |last=Gothie |recipient=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date=April 12, 2018 |accessdate=August 19, 2018 |url=https://route.transportation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/004_USRN_Part-4-PA-WY.pdf |format=PDF}} 27. ^{{cite press release |author=Michigan Department of Transportation |url=http://www.michigan.gov/aashto2012/0,4717,7-280-59595-273366--,00.html |title=Grand Opening & Ribbon Cutting US Bicycle Route 35—Traverse City, MI |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120417212745/http://www.michigan.gov/aashto2012/0,4717,7-280-59595-273366--,00.html |archive-date= April 17, 2012 |publisher=Michigan Department of Transportation |access-date= May 15, 2012}} 28. ^{{cite letter |subject=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |first=Josh |last=DeBruyn |recipient=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date=March 28, 2018 |accessdate=August 19, 2018 |url=https://route.transportation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/004_USRN_Part-2-IN-NV.pdf#page=46 |format=PDF}} 29. ^1 {{AASHTO minutes |year= 2014S |access-date=June 1, 2014}} 30. ^{{cite letter |subject=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |first=Roy |last=Gothie |recipient=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date=April 12, 2018 |accessdate=August 19, 2018 |url=https://route.transportation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/004_USRN_Part-4-PA-WY.pdf#page=7 |format=PDF}} 31. ^{{cite letter |first=Charles A. |last=Zelle |recipient=AASHTO Application Review Committee |subject=U.S. Bicycle Route 41 AASHTO Application |publisher=Minnesota Department of Transportation |date=September 16, 2016 |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |url=http://route.transportation.org/Documents/2016%20AM%20Boston%2c%20MA/MN-USBR%2041%202016-09-16.pdf |format=PDF}} 32. ^{{cite web |title=Special Committee on US Route Numbering (USRN) Activity Report 2016 |publisher=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date=November 14, 2016 |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |url=http://route.transportation.org/Documents/2016%20AM%20Boston%2c%20MA/Special%20Committee%20on%20US%20Route%20Numbering%20Amended%20Activity%20rpt%202016.pdf }} 33. ^{{cite press release |author=Adventure Cycling Association |url=http://www.adventurecycling.org/news/20120521.cfm |title=New U.S. Bicycle Routes Approved |publisher=Adventure Cycling Association |date=May 21, 2012 |access-date= May 22, 2012}} 34. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.dot.state.mn.us/newsrels/12/05/21misstrail.html |title=Mississippi River Trail receives state bikeway designation, becomes first US Bicycle Route in Minnesota |publisher=Minnesota Department of Transportation |date=May 21, 2012|access-date= November 9, 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130315195129/http://www.dot.state.mn.us/newsrels/12/05/21misstrail.html|archive-date= March 15, 2013|dead-url= yes |df=mdy-all}} 35. ^{{cite letter |subject=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |first=Matthew |last=Messina |recipient=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date=February 19, 2018 |accessdate=August 19, 2018 |url=https://route.transportation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/004_USRN_Part-2-IN-NV.pdf#page=20 |format=PDF}} 36. ^{{cite letter |subject=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |first=Ronald E. |last=Effland |recipient=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date=April 16, 2018 |accessdate=August 19, 2018 |url=https://route.transportation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/004_USRN_Part-2-IN-NV.pdf#page=53 |format=PDF}} 37. ^{{cite web |author=Adventure Cycling Association |url=http://www.adventurecycling.org/resources/blog/usbr-76-missouri-officially-designated-and-signed/ |title=USBR 76: Missouri Officially Designated and Signed |date=October 2, 2013 |accessdate=November 9, 2013}} 38. ^{{cite letter |subject=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |first=Matt |last=Messina |recipient=American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |date=February 13, 2018 |accessdate=August 19, 2018 |url=https://route.transportation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/004_USRN_Part-2-IN-NV.pdf#page=33 |format=PDF}} 39. ^1 {{cite web |title=Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route |publisher=Arizona Department of Transportation |date=August 17, 2015 |access-date= October 4, 2015 |page=9 |url=http://route.transportation.org/Documents/2015%20AM%20September%2024%20Chicago,%20IL/AZ%20-%20USBR%2090.pdf }} 40. ^1 2 {{AASHTO minutes |year= 2015A |access-date=October 2, 2015}} 41. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Woodward |first=Calvin |date=December 31, 2008 |title=New interstate road map takes shape for bicyclists |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/life/travel/2008/12/31/New-interstate-road-map-takes-shape-for-bicyclists/stories/200812310172 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |accessdate=August 19, 2018}} 42. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://blog.adventurecycling.org/2011/05/its-official-new-us-bicycle-routes.html |title=It's Official! New U.S. Bicycle Routes Approved |first=Ginny |last=Sullivan |date=May 11, 2011 |publisher=Adventure Cycling Association |accessdate=August 23, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110922081632/http://blog.adventurecycling.org/2011/05/its-official-new-us-bicycle-routes.html |archive-date= September 22, 2011 |dead-url= yes |df=mdy-all}} 43. ^1 2 {{cite press release |author=Adventure Cycling Association |url=http://www.adventurecycling.org/news/20110511.cfm?use=web |title=AASHTO Approves New U.S. Bicycle Routes Across America |date=May 11, 2011 |publisher=Adventure Cycling Association |accessdate=August 23, 2011}} }} External links
3 : United States Numbered Bicycle Routes|Types of roads|National cycling route networks |
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