词条 | United States Merit Systems Protection Board |
释义 |
|agency_name = Merit Systems Protection Board |logo = Seal of the United States Merit Systems Protection Board.svg |logo_width = 200px |formed = {{Start date|1979|01|01}} |preceding1 = United States Civil Service Commission |jurisdiction = Federal government of the United States |headquarters = Washington, D.C. |employees = |budget = |chief1_name = Vacant |chief1_position = Chairman |chief2_name = |chief2_position = |chief3_name = |chief3_position = |child1_agency = |website = {{official URL|https://www.mspb.gov/}} |footnotes = }} The Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) is an independent quasi-judicial agency established in 1979 to protect federal merit systems against partisan political and other prohibited personnel practices and to ensure adequate protection for federal employees against abuses by agency management.[1] When an employee of most Executive Branch agencies is separated from his or her position, or suspended for more than 14 work days, the employee can request that an employee of MSPB conduct a hearing into the matter by submitting an appeal, generally within 30 days.[2] In that hearing, the agency will have to prove that the action was warranted and the employee will have the opportunity to present evidence that it was not. A decision of MSPB is binding unless set aside on appeal to federal court. Along with the Office of Personnel Management and the Federal Labor Relations Authority, the MSPB is a successor agency of the United States Civil Service Commission. The board has gone without a quorum for the entire Trump administration, with the last member to retire at the end of February 2019.[3][4] FunctionGenerally, appeals are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. However, appeals involving claims of discrimination are heard in federal district court.[5] The Board carries out its statutory mission by:
Significant appealsThe largest settlement since the inception of MSPB in 1979 was for $820,000 in Robert W. Whitmore v. Department of Labor. The Board approved the settlement on June 5, 2013. Whitmore was fired after giving Congressional testimony that Occupational Safety and Health Administration's workplace injury and illness program was deliberately ineffective. Whitmore, who had worked for the Bureau of Labor Statistics for 37 years, was represented by noted DC plaintiff's employment lawyer Bob Seldon. The largest settlement before Whitmore was for $755,000 to former Securities and Exchange Commission lawyer, Gary J. Aguirre, for his wrongful termination in 2005.[6] The SEC settled Aguirre's claim on June 29, 2009.[6] In January 2011, the Board ordered the U.S. Park Police to reinstate its former Chief, Teresa Chambers, who had been fired in July 2004 for speaking to the Washington Post about the consequences of Park Police staff shortages. The Board also found her entitled to retroactive pay dating back to July 2004 and her legal costs.[7] Merit Principles surveyThe Merit Systems Protection Board surveyed federal employees in 1992 and 2010.[8] The response rate was 64 and 58 percent, netting approximately 13,000 and 42,000 responses in the 1992 and 2010 surveys, respectively. One question asked, "During the last 12 months, did you personally observe or obtain direct evidence of one or more illegal or wasteful activities involving your agency?" In 1992, 17.7 percent of respondents answered yes. In 2010, only 11.1 percent of respondents answered yes.[9] "In 1992, 53 percent of respondents who made a disclosure reported that they were identified as the source. In 2010, 43 percent reported that they were identified."[10] While the trend is in the right direction, "In both 1992 and 2010, approximately one-third of the individuals who felt they had been identified as a source of a report of wrongdoing also perceived either threats or acts of reprisal, or both".[11] "To qualify for protection under the Whistleblower Protection Act, the individual must be disclosing a violation of a law, rule, or regulation; gross mismanagement; a gross waste of funds; an abuse of authority; or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety."[9] Only certain official personnel actions are prohibited; other forms of retaliation are still legal.[10] CriticismThere are complaints that the MSPB has gone far beyond protecting civil servants from unjustified disciplinary action. Rather, critics allege, the MSPB now makes it nearly impossible to fire poor performers or problematic employees, even when they have committed egregious violations that would result in immediate termination in the private sector. According to the CEO of the Partnership for Public Service, "There is no question that taxpayers are losing hundreds of millions of dollars, in a conservative estimate. They are losing more than that because they are losing the ability to get the very best out of government."[12][13] However, statistics gathered by the MSPB state that in 2014, a total of 15,925 appeals were filed with the MSPB. Of those, 5,283 appeals were dismissed, 1,093 appeals were settled, and 9,549 cases were adjudicated by way of initial decisions made by MSPB Administrative Judges and Administrative Law Judges. In those initial decisions, the MSPB affirmed the employing agency's decision 9,348 times (nearly 98% of the time), modified the employing agency's decision or mitigated the penalty imposed 21 times, and reversed the employing Agency's decision 169 times. The Presidentially appointed Board members granted review of 170 initial decisions, remanding the case for further review in 112 cases, reversing the initial decisions of MSPB Administrative Judges and Administrative Law Judges in 30 cases, affirming the initial decision in 18 cases, and taking another action in 10 cases.[14] Starting from January 2017 and as of January 2019, the MSPB lacks a quorum, equivalent to two out of three members.[15][16] It is the longest the agency has been without a quorum in its history.[16] Without a quorum, the "Board will be unable to issue decisions that require a majority vote" until more members are appointed by the president.[17] Effectively, this means that no new substantive decisions are being issued and the backlog of cases awaiting a final disposition is increasing. As of March 2019, the last member's term had expired and the Senate had not acted on President Trump's nominations. With a vacant board, its general counsel becomes the acting executive and administrative officer, and administrative judges still hear cases and issue initial decisions.[18] HistoryIt was established as an independent agency by Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 ({{USFR|43|36037}}, {{USStat|92|3783}}), effective January 1, 1979, in accordance with EO 12107 ({{USFR|44|1055}}), December 28, 1978, and the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 ({{USStat|92|1111}}), October 13, 1978.[19] See also
Notes1. ^{{cite book |last1=Shimabukuro |first1=Jon O. |last2=Staman |first2=Jennifer A. |title=Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB): A Legal Overview |date=March 25, 2019 |publisher=Congressional Research Service |location=Washington, DC |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R45630.pdf |accessdate=29 March 2019}} 2. ^{{cite |url=http://www.mspblawblog.com/2013/08/completing-and-submitting-an-mspb-appeal.html |accessdate=2015-08-02 |date=August 12, 2013 |work=MSPB Law Blog |title=Completing and Submitting an MSPB Appeal |first=John V. |last=Berry}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/this-grievance-board-for-federal-workers-has-one-person-left--and-hes-about-to-leave/2019/02/12/c573e446-296e-11e9-b011-d8500644dc98_story.html |title=This grievance board for federal workers has one person left — and he’s about to leave |author=Lisa Rein |date=February 12, 2019 |website=WashingtonPost.com |publisher= |access-date=February 14, 2019 |quote=}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/federal-employees-will-wait-longer-for-their-grievances-to-be-heard/2019/02/15/680567f8-313e-11e9-813a-0ab2f17e305b_story.html |title=Federal employees will wait longer for their grievances to be heard|last=Rein|first=Lisa|date=February 15, 2019|website=Washington Post|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 5. ^{{UnitedStatesCode|5|7703}}(b)(2) 6. ^1 Gretchen Morgenson, [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/30/business/30sec.html?_r=1 "SEC Settles With a Former Lawyer"] The New York Times (June 29, 2010). Retrieved March 1, 2011 7. ^O'Keefe, Ed. "Fired Park Police chief Teresa Chambers ordered reinstated". Washington Post (January 11, 2011). Retrieved March 11, 2011 8. ^Grundmann (2011) 9. ^1 Grundmann (2011, p. 18/54) 10. ^1 Grundmann (2011, p. 23/54) 11. ^Grundmann (2011, p. 13/54) 12. ^{{cite news|title=Red tape keeps some bad gov't workers from being fired| publisher =CBS News| date =2 March 2015| url =http://www.cbsnews.com/news/civil-servant-protection-system-could-keep-problematic-government-employees-from-being-fired/| accessdate = }} 13. ^{{YouTube| t9LbIpQsbeo | "CBS: Govt Inability to Fire Bad Employees Like EPA's Porn-Watcher Costing Taxpayers Millions" }} 14. ^[https://www.mspb.gov/netsearch/viewdocs.aspx?docnumber=1179694&version=1184281 United States Merit Systems Protection Board Annual Report for FY 2014], May 29, 2015. United States Merit Systems Protection Board. 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.mspb.gov/About/members.htm|title=U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board: Board Members|website=www.mspb.gov|access-date=2017-08-06}} 16. ^1 Ogrysko, N. (2018, Nov 28). [https://federalnewsnetwork.com/all-news/2018/11/a-member-less-mspb-more-likely-as-senate-committee-fails-to-clear-pending-nominees A member-less MSPB more likely as Senate committee fails to clear pending nominees]. Federal News Network. Retrieved Jan 19, 2019. 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.mspb.gov/MSPBSEARCH/viewdocs.aspx?docnumber=1376654&version=1382029&application=ACROBAT|title=Frequently Asked Questions about the Lack of Board Quorum|last=|first=|date=January 25, 2017|website=www.mspb.gov|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 6, 2017}} 18. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/board-that-handles-federal-worker-disputes-is-now-vacant/2019/03/01/5e5efdd0-3c48-11e9-b10b-f05a22e75865_story.html |date=March 1, 2019 |first=Juliet |last=Linderman |title=Board that handles federal worker disputes is now vacant |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=March 6, 2019 }} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/479.html|title=Records of the Merit Systems Protection Board [MSPB]|date=2016-08-15|work=National Archives|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en}} References
| last = Grundmann | first =Susan Tsui |date=November 2011 | title = Blowing The Whistle: Barriers to Federal Employees Making Disclosures | publisher = U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board | url =http://www.mspb.gov/netsearch/viewdocs.aspx?docnumber=662503&version=664475 | accessdate =August 24, 2013}} External links
1 : United States Merit Systems Protection Board |
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