词条 | Forearm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| Name = Forearm | Latin = antebrachium | Image = Forearm labeled.png | Caption = The forearm is highlighted in magenta | Width = | Caption2 = | Precursor = | System = | Artery = | Vein = | Nerve = | Lymph = }} The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist.[1] The term forearm is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm, a word which is most often used to describe the entire appendage of the upper limb, but which in anatomy, technically, means only the region of the upper arm, whereas the lower "arm" is called the forearm. It is homologous to the region of the leg that lies between the knee and the ankle joints, the crus. The forearm contains two long bones, the radius and the ulna, forming the radioulnar joint. The interosseous membrane connects these bones. Ultimately, the forearm is covered by skin, the anterior surface usually being less hairy than the posterior surface. The forearm contains many muscles, including the flexors and extensors of the digits, a flexor of the elbow (brachioradialis), and pronators and supinators that turn the hand to face down or upwards, respectively. In cross-section the forearm can be divided into two fascial compartments. The posterior compartment contains the extensors of the hands, which are supplied by the radial nerve. The anterior compartment contains the flexors, and is mainly supplied by the median nerve. The flexor muscles are more massive than the extensors, because they work against gravity and act as anti-gravity muscles. The ulnar nerve also runs the length of the forearm. The radial and ulnar arteries and their branches supply the blood to the forearm. These usually run on the anterior face of the radius and ulna down the whole forearm. The main superficial veins of the forearm are the cephalic, median antebrachial and the basilic vein. These veins can be used for cannularisation or venipuncture, although the cubital fossa is a preferred site for getting blood. AnatomyBones
Joints
Muscles{{See also|Muscle table#Forearm}}
Nerves(See separate nerve articles for details on divisions proximal to the elbow and distal to the wrist; see Brachial plexus for the origins of the median, radial and ulnar nerves)
Vessels{{Main|Arterial tree of subclavian artery}}
Other structures
FractureA fracture of the forearm can be classified as to whether it involves only the ulna (ulnar fracture), only the radius (radius fracture) or both (radioulnar fracture) For treatment of children with torus fractures of the forearm splinting appears to work better than casting,[3] Additional images{{gallery|height=150|width=150|lines=3|file:Gray414.png|Superficial muscles of the forearm |file:Gray415.png|Deep muscles of the anterior forearm |file:Gray419.png|Deep muscles of the posterior forearm |file:Gray417_color.PNG|Cross-section through the middle of the forearm. }} See also
References1. ^{{cite book |author=WebMD |chapter=forearm |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8UfI3BH78wC&pg=PA166 |page=166 |year=2009 |title=Webster's New World Medical Dictionary |edition=3rd |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=978-0-544-18897-6}} {{Commons category|Forearms}}{{wiktionary|forearm}}{{Human regional anatomy}}{{Upper limb general}}{{Authority control}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/musculoskeletal_system/axilla_ans.html |title=Dissector Answers — Axilla & Arm |accessdate=2008-01-17 |work= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103065905/http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/musculoskeletal_system/axilla_ans.html |archivedate=3 January 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Jiang|first1=N|last2=Cao|first2=ZH|last3=Ma|first3=YF|last4=Lin|first4=Z|last5=Yu|first5=B|title=Management of Pediatric Forearm Torus Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.|journal=Pediatric Emergency Care|date=November 2016|volume=32|issue=11|pages=773–778|pmid=26555307|doi=10.1097/pec.0000000000000579}} 2 : Upper limb anatomy|Forearm |
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