“Universities and research institutions in Berlin”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region is one of the most prolific centers of higher education and research in the world.^[1] It is the largest concentration of universities and colleges in Germany. The city has four public research universities and 27 private, professional and technical colleges (Hochschulen), offering a wide range of disciplines.^[2] Access to the German university system is tuition free.

175,000 students were enrolled in the winter term of 2014/15.^[3] Around 20% have an international background. Student figures have grown by 50% in the last 15 years. The Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (HU Berlin) has 34,000 students, the Freie Universität Berlin (Free University of Berlin, FU Berlin) has 34,000 students, and the Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin) around 30,000 students. The Universität der Künste (UdK) has about 4,000 students and the Berlin School of Economics and Law has enrollment of about 10,000 students.

History

The Prussian Academy of Arts (German: Preußische Akademie der Künste) was an art school set up in Berlin, Brandenburg, in 1694/1696 by prince-elector Frederick III, in personal union Duke Frederick I of Prussia, and later king in Prussia. It had a decisive influence on art and its development in the German-speaking world throughout its existence. It dropped 'Prussian' from its name in 1945 and was finally disbanded in 1955 after the 1954 foundation of two separate academies of art for East Berlin and West Berlin in 1954. Those two separate academies merged in 1993 to form Berlin's present-day Academy of Arts.

The Humboldt University of Berlin is one of Berlin's oldest universities, founded in 1810^[4] as the University of Berlin (Universität zu Berlin) by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities.

Universities

Public universities

There are five big internationally renowned research universities in the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region:

Private Universities

Colleges of Applied Sciences

Research institutions

Berlin has a high density of research institutions, such as the Fraunhofer Society, the Leibniz Association, the Helmholtz Association, and the Max Planck Society, which are independent of, or only loosely connected to its universities. A total number of around 65,000 scientists are working in research and development in 2012. The city is one of the centers of knowledge and innovation communities (Future Information and Communication Society and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation) of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT).^[5]

Leibniz Institutes

Helmholtz Centers

Max-Planck Institutes

Fraunhofer Institutes

Nobel Prize winners

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/best-universities-germany|title=Best universities in Germany 2017|work=THE|accessdate=22 September 2016 }}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin-partner.de/622/?L=1|title=Metropolis of Sciences|work=Berlin Partner GmbH|accessdate=19 August 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424003113/http://www.berlin-partner.de/622/?L=1 |archivedate=24 April 2008}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.focus.de/regional/brandenburg/hochschulen-berlin-mit-neuem-studentenrekord_id_5111299.html|title=HochschulenBerlin mit neuem Studentenrekord|work=Focus|date=25 November 2015|accessdate=1 December 2015|language=German}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://ejournals.bc.edu/ojs/index.php/ihe/article/viewFile/8499/7633 |title=International Higher Education : Countries and rEgions |website=Ejournals.bc.edu |accessdate=2016-08-28}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://eit.europa.eu/home.html|title=European Institute of Innovation and Technology: Home|work=Europa (web portal)|accessdate=8 June 2010}}