词条 | Foreign relations of Mozambique | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
While alliances dating back to the Mozambican War of Independence remain relevant, Mozambique's foreign policy has become increasingly pragmatic. The twin pillars of the policy are maintenance of good relations with its neighbors and maintenance and expansion of ties to development partners. During the 1970s and early 1980s, Mozambique's foreign policy was inextricably linked to the struggles for majority rule in Rhodesia and South Africa as well as superpower competition and the Cold War. Mozambique's decision to enforce United Nations sanctions against Rhodesia and support Rhodesian guerrillas led Ian Smith's regime to undertake overt and covert actions to destabilize the country. Although the change of government in Zimbabwe in 1980 removed this threat, the apartheid regime in South Africa continued to finance the destabilization of Mozambique. The 1984 Nkomati Accord, while failing in its goal of ending South African support to RENAMO, opened initial diplomatic contacts between the Mozambican and South African governments. This process gained momentum with South Africa's elimination of apartheid, which culminated in the establishment of full diplomatic relations in October 1993. While relations with neighboring Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania show occasional strains, Mozambique's ties to these countries remain strong. In the years immediately following its independence, Mozambique benefited from considerable assistance from some western countries, notably the Scandinavians. The Soviet Union and its allies, however, became Mozambique's primary economic, military, and political supporters and its foreign policy reflected this linkage. This began to change in 1983; in 1984 Mozambique joined the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. Western aid quickly replaced Soviet support, with the Scandinavians, Finland, the United States, the Netherlands, and the European Union becoming increasingly important sources of development assistance. Italy also maintains a profile in Mozambique as a result of its key role during the peace process. Relations with Portugal, the former colonial power, are complex and of some importance as Portuguese investors play a visible role in Mozambique's economy. Mozambique is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and ranks among the moderate members of the African Bloc in the United Nations and other international organizations. Mozambique also belongs to the Organisation of African Unity/African Union and the Southern African Development Community. In 1994, the Government became a full member of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation), in part to broaden its base of international support but also to please the country's sizeable Muslim population. Similarly, in early 1996 Mozambique joined its Anglophone neighbors in the Commonwealth. In the same year, Mozambique became a founding member and the first President of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), and maintains close ties with other Lusophone states. The country is also a member of the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa (PMAESA). Illicit drugs:Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center. Bilateral relations
See also
References1. ^ {{CIA}}{{Foreign relations of Mozambique}}{{Africa in topic|Foreign relations of}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign Relations Of Mozambique}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://maputo.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-br/|title=Embassy of Brazil in Maputo (in Portuguese)|publisher=|accessdate=26 August 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mozambique.org.br/|title=Embaixada da Republica de Mozambique em Brasilia|website=Mozambique.org.br|accessdate=26 August 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.consuladomocambique.com.br/|title=Consulado da República do Moçambique no Brasil|website=Consuladomocambique.com.br|accessdate=26 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827000836/http://www.consuladomocambique.com.br/|archive-date=2017-08-27|dead-url=yes|df=}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/mozambique/index.aspx?lang=eng|title=High Commission of Canada to Mozambique|first=Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada|last=Government of Canada|website=GAC|accessdate=26 August 2017}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=China, Mozambique: old friends, new business|date=2007-08-13|publisher=ISN Security Update|accessdate=2007-11-03|url=http://www.isn.ethz.ch/news/sw/details.cfm?ID=17974|last=Horta|first=Loro}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Mozambique|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China|date=2003-08-26|accessdate=2007-11-03|url=http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/fzs/gjlb/3044/default.htm}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-11/04/content_794031.htm|publisher=China Daily|date=2006-11-04|accessdate=2007-11-03|title=China grants Mozambique tourism destination status}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-02/09/content_5717056.htm|publisher=Xinhua News Agency|date=2007-02-09|accessdate=2007-11-03|title=Chinese, Mozambican presidents pledge to uplift bilateral ties|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012013032/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-02/09/content_5717056.htm|archivedate=2012-10-12|df=}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17272&culture=en-US&contentlan=2|title=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Entering Finland and travelling abroad: Mozambique|website=formin.finland.fi|accessdate=26 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820175644/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17272&culture=en-US&contentlan=2|archive-date=2011-08-20|dead-url=yes|df=}} 11. ^ 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hicomind-maputo.org/|title=High Commission of India, Maputo|website=Hicomind-maputo.org|accessdate=26 August 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://mea.gov.in/indian-mission.htm?153/153/0|title=MEA - Indian Missions Abroad - Indian Mission|website=Mea.gov.in|accessdate=26 August 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy6651/|title=High Commission of Mozambique in New Delhi, India|website=Embassypages.com|accessdate=26 August 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://mz.embassyinformation.com/list.php|title=Mozambique High Commission in New Delhi|publisher=|accessdate=26 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827211916/http://mz.embassyinformation.com/list.php|archive-date=2017-08-27|dead-url=yes|df=}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/etiopia/|title=Embajada de México en Etiopía|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=26 August 2017}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-26-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_ETIOPIA.pdf|title=Relaciones diplomaticas entre México y África: Mozambique (in Spanish)|publisher=|accessdate=26 August 2017}} 18. ^ {{dead link|date=August 2017}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/02/content_8471660.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-06-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024054518/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/02/content_8471660.htm |archivedate=2012-10-24 |df= }} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.afrik.com/article13988.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709193559/http://en.afrik.com/article13988.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=9 July 2012|title=Mozambique gets debt relief from Portugal - Afrik-news.com : Africa news, Maghreb news - The African daily newspaper|website=en.afrik.com|accessdate=26 August 2017}} 21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.russianspy.org/2007/06/01/russia-to-develop-economic-cooperation-with-mozambique/ |title=Russia to Develop Economic Cooperation with Mozambique |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070803063837/http://www.russianspy.org/2007/06/01/russia-to-develop-economic-cooperation-with-mozambique/ |archivedate=August 3, 2007 }} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070824/1_24458.jsp?menu=m_30_50|title=Countries and Regions > Middle East and Africa > List of the Countries|first=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of|last=Korea|publisher=|accessdate=26 August 2017}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://maputo.usembassy.gov|title=U.S. Embassy in Mozambique|website=U.S. Embassy in Mozambique|accessdate=26 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522130543/https://maputo.usembassy.gov/|archive-date=2017-05-22|dead-url=yes|df=}} 1 : Foreign relations of Mozambique |
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