| 释义 |
- Code lists
- Private-use codes and reserved codes
- Extensions to M.49
- Codes no longer in use (obsoleted since 1982)
- See also
- Notes
- Citations
- References
- External links
{{short description|Standard for area codes used by the United Nations}}UN M.49 is a standard for area codes used by the United Nations for statistical purposes, developed and maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division. Each area code is a 3-digit number which can refer to a wide variety of geographical, political, or economic regions, like a continent, a country, or a specific group of developed or developing countries. Codes assigned in the system generally do not change when the country or area's name changes (unlike ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 or ISO 3166-1 alpha-3), but instead change when the territorial extent of the country or area changes significantly,{{sfn|United Nations|1996|p=2}} although there have been exceptions to this rule.{{efn|Through the second revision of M.49 in 1983, changes in territory did not necessarily result in changed codes.{{sfn|United Nations|1982|p=vi}} Pakistan, for example, retains the code it was assigned in the original 1970 edition of M.49, even though Bangladesh did not separate from Pakistan until 1971 and did not officially receive a code until the first revision of M.49 was released in 1975.{{sfn|United Nations|1975|p=1}}}} Some of these codes, those representing countries and territories, were first included as part of the ISO 3166-1 standard in its second edition in 1981, but they have been released by the United Nations Statistics Division since 1970.{{sfnm|1a1=United Nations|1y=1970|2a1=Jensen|2a2=Parkin|2a3=MacLennan|2a4=Muir|2a5=Skeet|2y=1991}} Another part of these numeric codes, those representing geographical (continental and sub-continental) supranational regions, was also included in the IANA registry for region subtags (first described in September 2006 in the now obsoleted RFC 4646, but confirmed in its successor RFC 5646, published in September 2009) for use within language tags, as specified in IETF's BCP 47 (where the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are used as region subtags, instead of UN M.49 codes, for countries and territories). Code lists M.49 area codes (as of 15 April 2009)Geographical supranational regions
(See also BCP 47 where these were imported as region subtags) |
|---|
| Code | Area |
|---|
| 001 | World |
|---|
| 002 | Africa |
|---|
| 015 | Northern Africa |
|---|
| 202 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|
| 014 | Eastern Africa |
|---|
| 017 | Middle Africa |
|---|
| 018 | Southern Africa |
|---|
| 011 | Western Africa |
|---|
| 019 | Americas |
|---|
| 419 | Latin America and the Caribbean |
|---|
| 029 | Caribbean |
|---|
| 013 | Central America |
|---|
| 005 | South America |
|---|
| 003 | North America (includes 021, 029, 013)[1] |
|---|
| 021 | Northern America |
|---|
| 142 | Asia |
|---|
| 143 | Central Asia |
|---|
| 030 | Eastern Asia |
|---|
| 035 | South-eastern Asia |
|---|
| 034 | Southern Asia |
|---|
| 145 | Western Asia |
|---|
| 150 | Europe |
|---|
| 151 | Eastern Europe (includes North Asia) |
|---|
| 154 | Northern Europe |
|---|
|
| 039 | Southern Europe |
|---|
| 155 | Western Europe |
|---|
| 009 | Oceania |
|---|
| 053 | Australia and New Zealand |
|---|
| 054 | Melanesia |
|---|
| 057 | Micronesia |
|---|
| 061 | Polynesia |
|---|
| Examples of geopolitical entities (countries or territories)
(See also ISO 3166-1 numeric for the complete set) |
|---|
| Code | Area |
|---|
| 024 | Angola |
|---|
| 591 | Panama |
|---|
| 496 | Mongolia |
|---|
| 554 | New Zealand |
|---|
| 756 | Switzerland |
|---|
| 830 | The Channel Islands are no longer a political entity, but has been maintained, for statistical use only, in the UN M.49 codification (this grouping has never been encoded in ISO 3166-1, unlike other geopolitical countries or territories), in addition to the newer separate codifications of the Bailiwicks of Jersey and of Guernsey (which were also encoded separately in ISO 3166-1).}} |
|---|
Examples of economic regions
(defined for statistical use only) |
|---|
| Code | Area |
|---|
| | Developed and developing regions |
|---|
| | Developed regions |
|---|
| 021 | Northern America |
|---|
| 150 | Europe{{efn|Within the developed regions, Europe is sometimes defined with the exception of Transition countries, numerical code 778.}} |
|---|
| 392 | Japan |
|---|
| 053 | Australia and New Zealand |
|---|
| 376 | Israel{{efn|name=developed|In international trade statistics, the Southern African Customs Union is also treated as a developed region, and Israel as a developed country in Western Asia.}} |
|---|
| | Southern African Customs Union{{efn|name=developed}} |
|---|
| | Developing regions{{efn|name=developing}} |
|---|
| 002 | Africa (sometimes excluding the Southern African Customs Union){{efn|name=developed}} |
|---|
| 019* | Americas (* excluding Northern America, numerical code 021){{efn|For some economical analysis, this grouping currently uses the code 019 defined for all Americas, instead of using the code 419 which is assigned to Latin America and the Caribbean}} |
|---|
| 029 | Caribbean |
|---|
| 013 | Central America |
|---|
| 005 | South America |
|---|
| 142* | Asia (* excluding Japan, numerical code 392, and sometimes also Israel, numerical code 376){{efn|name=developed}} |
|---|
| 009* | Oceania (* excluding Australia and New Zealand, numerical code 053) |
|---|
| 778 | Transition countries{{efn>In some reports, the transition countries may be part of developing countries, or will most often be classed separately from developed and developing countries.}} |
|---|
| 172 | Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) |
|---|
| | Transition countries of South-eastern Europe{{efn|The selected economical grouping of transition countries of South-eastern Europe is not encoded in UN M.49, but it currently includes Albania and the countries emerging from the former Yugoslavia (with the exception of Slovenia which is now considered as a developed country), for statistical use only.}} |
|---|
| | Developing countries{{efn>name=developing|The definition of developing countries is not standardized, but it generally excludes the transition countries.}} |
|---|
| 432 | Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) |
|---|
| 722 | Small island developing States (SIDS) |
|---|
| 199 | Least Developed Countries (LDCs) |
|---|
| Private-use codes and reserved codes Beside the codes standardized above, the numeric codes 900 to 999 are reserved for private-use in ISO 3166-1 (under agreement by the UNSD) and in the UN M.49 standard. They may be used for any other groupings or subdivision of countries, territories and regions. Some of these private-use codes may be found in some UN statistics reports and databases, for their own specific purpose. They are not portable across databases from third parties (except through private agreement), and may be changed without notice. Note that the code 000 is reserved and not used for defining any region. It is used in absence of data, or for data in which no region (not even the World as a whole) is applicable. For unknown or unencoded regions, private-use codes should preferably be used. Extensions to M.49 Early editions of M.49 used one- or two-digit prefixes to designate economic regions rather than assigning 3-digit codes. These two digit prefixes were designed to be used to easily aggregate data through the use of prefix matching, and regions could be specified collectively by using the 000 code as a base to which the prefix would be added.{{sfn|United Nations Statistical Office|1970|p=4}} For example, by prefixing 13 to Algeria's code, 012, to create the five-digit code 13012, Algeria could be identified as being in North Africa (13000), which is itself in Africa (10000). One-digit suffixes were also permitted, to specify statistics of subdivisions of countries.{{sfn|United Nations Statistical Office|1970|p=4}} For example, by suffixing 5 to the code for the United Kingdom to create the four-digit code 8265, Scotland could be represented as a subdivision of the United Kingdom. Additional suffixes could be used to represent the other constituent units of the UK. Codes no longer in use (obsoleted since 1982) | Old Code | Old Area | New Code(s) |
|---|
| 128 | Canton and Enderbury Islands (code 128) merged with Kiribati (code 296).}} | 296 |
|---|
| 200 | As of 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic (code 203) and Slovakia (code 703).}} | 203, 703 |
|---|
| 720 | name=Yemen|Democratic Yemen (numerical code 720) and Yemen (886) merged on 22 May 1990 under the name Yemen (887).}} | 887 |
|---|
| 230 | Ethiopia | 231, 232 |
|---|
| 280 | name=Germany|The German Democratic Republic (numerical code 278) accessed on 3 October 1990 to the Federal Republic of Germany (280), with effect from 3 October 1990 and have united to form a single country simply designated as "Germany" (276).}} | 276 |
|---|
| 274 | Gaza Strip | 275 |
|---|
| 278 | name=Germany}} | 276 |
|---|
| 396 | name=UMI|United States Minor Outlying Islands (numerical code 581) formed by merging Johnston Island (396), Midway Islands (488), United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands (849), and Wake Island (872).}} | 581 |
|---|
| 488 | name=UMI}} | 581 |
|---|
| 530 | The Netherlands Antilles were dissolved in 2010}} | 531, 534, 535 |
|---|
| 532 | The Netherlands Antilles (with previous numerical code 532) was split when Aruba (533) was separated from it, and the remaining part was then given the new numerical code 530.}} | 530, 533 |
|---|
| 582 | Various districts that composed the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands were split successively from the trusteeship and gained independence to form the Republic of the Marshall Islands (numerical code 584), the Federated States of Micronesia (583), and the Republic of Palau (585). The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (580) was later set up in political union with the U.S.}} | 580, 583, 584, 585 |
|---|
| 891 | name=Serbia and Montenegro|Serbia and Montenegro (numerical code 891) dissolved on 3 June 2006 into 2 independent countries: Montenegro (499) and Serbia (688).}} | 499, 688 |
|---|
| 890 | Prior to 1 January 1992, the same numerical code 890 referred to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was composed of six republics, before the independence of Slovenia (705), Croatia (191), Bosnia and Herzegovina (070), and the Republic of Macedonia (807); the remaining Yugoslav Federation was then dissolved and renamed to form the Federation of Serbia and Montenegro (891, now also dissolved).}} | name=Serbia and Montenegro}} |
|---|
| 062 | South-Central Asia | 034, 143 |
|---|
| 736 | South Sudan (numerical code 728) became independent from Sudan (736) on July 9, 2011. The remaining part of Sudan was given the new numerical code 729.}} | 728, 729 |
|---|
| 810 | The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics dissolved in 1991 into 15 independent countries:- in Western Asia: Armenia (numerical code 051), Azerbaijan (031) and Georgia (268);
- in Central Asia: Kazakhstan (398), Kyrgyzstan (417), Tajikistan (762), Turkmenistan (795) and Uzbekistan (860);
- in Northern Europe: Estonia (233), Latvia (428) and Lithuania (440);
- in Eastern Europe: Belarus (numerical code 112), the Republic of Moldova (498), Ukraine (804), and the Russian Federation (643).}}||031, 051, 112, 233, 268, 398, 417, 428, 440, 498, 762, 795, 804, 860
|
|---|
| 849 | name=UMI}} | 581 |
|---|
| 872 | name=UMI}} | 581 |
|---|
| 886 | name=Yemen}} | 887 |
|---|
See also - Geocoding
- ISO 3166-1 numeric
- United Nations geoscheme
Notes {{notelist}} Citations 1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iana.org/assignments/lang-subtags-templates/003 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-04-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111080156/http://www.iana.org/assignments/lang-subtags-templates/003 |archivedate=2011-11-11 |df= }}
References {{refbegin}}- {{citation| url=http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/epi/sp95/sp95-app1.pdf| title=Appendix 1. United Nations Standard Country Codes| work=Cancer Registration: Principles and Methods| series=IARC Scientific Publication| volume=No. 95| editor-last=Jensen| editor-first=O.M.| editor2-last=Parkin| editor2-first=D.M.| editor3-last=MacLennan| editor3-first=R.| editor4-last=Muir| editor4-first=C.S.| editor5-last=Skeet| editor5-first=R.G.| pages=208–211| year=1991| publisher=International Agency for Research on Cancer| accessdate=February 17, 2012}}
- {{citation|last=United Nations|first=Statistics Division|title=United Nations Standard Country Code|date=January 1970|publisher=United Nations|location=New York|series=Series M: Miscellaneous Statistical Papers|volume=No. 49|id=ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49}}
- {{citation|last=United Nations|first=Statistical Office|title=United Nations Standard Area or Country Code for Statistical Use (Rev. 1)|date=August 1975|publisher=United Nations|location=New York|series=Series M: Miscellaneous Statistical Papers|volume=No. 49|id=ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev.1}}
- {{citation|last=United Nations|first=Statistics Office|title=Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use (Rev. 2)|date=June 1982|publisher=United Nations|location=New York|series=Series M: Miscellaneous Statistical Papers|volume=No. 49|id=ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev.2}}
- {{citation|last=United Nations|first=Statistics Division|title=Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use (Rev. 3)|year=1996|publisher=United Nations|location=New York|series=Series M: Miscellaneous Statistical Papers|volume=No. 49|id=ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev.3}}
{{refend}} External links - Standard country or area codes and geographical regions for statistical use
{{-}}{{Geocoding-systems}} 2 : Geocodes|United Nations Economic and Social Council |