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词条 USAT Meigs
释义

  1. Building

  2. Peacetime service

  3. War service

  4. Wreck

  5. Namesakes

  6. References

  7. See also

{{Distinguish|USS General M. C. Meigs (AP-116)}}{{short description| United States Army transport ship sunk in Darwin Harbour }}{{Use American English|date=July 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Usat meigs.jpgShip caption=SS West Lewark, later USAT Meigs
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=United StatesUSA|1912}}Ship name=*West Lewark (1921–22)
  • USAT Meigs (1922–42)
Ship namesake=Ship owner=*US Shipping Board (1921–22)
  • United States Army (1922–42)
Ship operator=Ship registry=Ship route=Ship ordered=Before September 1919Ship awarded=Ship builder=Los Angeles Shipbuilding & Dry Dock CoShip original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down=30 July 1920Ship launched=24 February 1921Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=June 1921Ship acquired=by US Army 1922Ship commissioned=Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service=19 February 1942Ship renamed=1922Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship identification=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship honors=Ship captured=Ship fate=Sunk by Japanese air attack, 1942Ship status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Ship type=7358}}, {{NRT|5310}}[1]Ship displacement=11,358 tonsShip tons burthen=430.7|ft|1|abbr=on}}[1]54.3|ft|1|abbr=on}}[1]26.2|ft|1|abbr=on}}[1]Ship depth=Ship hold depth=Ship decks=Ship deck clearance=Ship ramps=Ship ice class=Ship power=422 NHP[1]Ship propulsion= 3-cylinder triple-expansion steam engine,[1] single screwShip speed=Ship range=Ship endurance=Ship boats=Ship capacity=Ship troops=Ship complement=Ship crew=Ship sensors= wireless direction findingShip armament=Ship armor=Ship notes=
}}

The USAT Meigs (sometimes incorrectly called USS Meigs) was a United States Army transport ship that was built in 1921 and sunk in Darwin Harbour in the first Japanese air raid against the Australia mainland on 19 February 1942.

Building

The ship's keel was laid 30 July 1920[2] by the Los Angeles Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company (later Todd Pacific Shipyards) at San Pedro, California[3] and completed in 1921 for the United States Shipping Board as West Lewark. She had a steel hull, measured {{GRT|7358}} (also cited as 11,358 DWT),[3] {{convert|430.7|ft|1|abbr=on}}, {{convert|54.3|ft|1|abbr=on}} beam and {{convert|26.2|ft|1|abbr=on}} depth.[1][4] The ship's construction was canceled in 1919 but she was then completed to a larger and different design than the originally planned Design 1013[5] and launched 24 February 1921.[6] She was evaluated for naval use with a temporary designation of IX-4490.[7][8]

Peacetime service

After delivery the ship was operated by the Williams, Diamond & Company, Pacific Coast shippers for the Pacific Coast-European trade.[9] Cargo handling equipment had been designed in light of the fact that many ports lacked sufficient handling equipment ashore to enable efficient cargo operations and initial service demonstrated increased efficiency.[10]

West Lewark and sister ship, West Faralon were placed in the company's Pacific Coast-European trade with West Lewark making an initial port call at Glasgow, Scotland.[10] In 1922 the Army acquired the ship and renamed her Meigs.[5]

USAT Meigs was one of the small fleet the Army maintained during the inter-war years and operated in the Pacific[4] as a freight and animal transport.[11] In 1939, with USAT Ludington, Meigs was one of only two Army owned freight transports.[11] Included in the requirement to transport army goods and personal possessions of personnel changing duty stations to the Pacific was transport of cavalry and personal horses of officers with occasional mention of the ship transporting notable horses or owners transferring between Pacific and continental postings.[12][13] In July 1938 Meigs found an oil slick along the course of the lost Pan American flying boat Hawaii Clipper about 500 miles from Manila, took samples and stood by for further investigation.[14]

War service

Shortly before the US entry into the World War II the ship was given the tentative Navy hull number AK-34 under an agreement that Navy would take over, commission and crew Army transports operating in area of potential naval opposition. The reality of war resulted in a December 1941 Presidential order suspending that agreement and the hull number is listed by Navy as "not used."[5]

USAT Meigs was part of the Pensacola Convoy attempting to reinforce the Philippines in the early stages of the Pacific War and held at Fiji when it was evident the Japanese were already invading the Philippines. Despite a military decision to bring the convoy back to Hawaii or the West Coast a presidential decision routed the ships to Australia to attempt Philippine support from there.[15] She returned to Darwin after being part of an abortive convoy that departed 15 February escorted by {{USS|Houston|CA-30|6}} and smaller escorts bound to reinforce Portuguese Timor.[16]

On 19 February 1942 Japanese planes attacked Darwin's land and shipping targets in two waves.[17] The Meigs, one of six ships sunk, with one of its crew of 66 killed after being struck by a number of bombs and aerial torpedoes.[18]

Wreck

Although the superstructure of the wreck was salvaged after the war by Fujita Salvage of Osaka, Japan, the cargo of munitions, railway rails, Bren gun carriers and trucks intended for Allied forces in Portuguese Timor remains. The Meigs is now a dive site, where the remnants of the cargo are as visible as the remains of the vessel itself. It lies in {{convert|18|m|0}}[19] of water at coordinates {{coord|12|29.26|S|130|49.10|E|display=inline,title|type:landmark_region:AU-NT}},[20] and due to the large tidal movements creating strong currents and poor visibility, is only divable around neap tides.

Namesakes

The name USS Meigs is incorrectly applied to the USAT Meigs and also, properly, to the {{USS|General M. C. Meigs|AP-116}}, which served in the Korean War.

There was also a small Quartermaster Corps passenger and freight steamer built in 1892 by John H. Dialogue & Son, Camden New Jersey, and serving in the early 20th century named General Meigs.[21][22]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url= http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=31b0800.pdf |title=Lloyd's Register |author=Lloyds |year=1931–32 |work=Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships |publisher=Lloyd's Register (through PlimsollShipData) |accessdate=22 September 2014}}
2. ^{{cite journal |last= |first= |year=1921 |title=Los Angeles Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company |journal=Pacific Marine Review |volume=18 |issue=January |pages=54 |publisher= |doi= |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Xj0fAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA54&dq=%22West%20Lewark%22&pg=PA54#v=onepage&q=%22West%20Lewark%22&f=false |accessdate=28 December 2011|author1= Dickie|first1= Alexander J|last2= Stanley|first2= Frank A}}
3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/inactive/toddsanpedro.htm |title=Todd Pacific Shipyards, San Pedro CA |author=T. Colton |date= |work=Shipbuildinghistory.com |publisher= |accessdate=28 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210150631/http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/inactive/toddsanpedro.htm |archivedate=10 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }}
4. ^1 {{cite book |last= Grover |first= David |title=US Army Ships and Watercraft of World War II |publisher= Naval Institute Press |year= 1987 |isbn=0-87021-766-6 |pages=6, 26 & 29}})
5. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.shipscribe.com/usnaux/AK/AK34.html |title=MEIGS (AK-34) |author=Stephen S. Roberts |date= |work=Shipscribe |publisher= |accessdate=28 December 2011}}
6. ^{{cite journal |last1= |first1= Alexander J|last2= Stanley|first2= Frank A|year=1921 |title=Los Angeles Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company |journal=Pacific Marine Review |volume=18 |issue=April |pages=244 |publisher= |doi= |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Xj0fAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA54&dq=%22West%20Lewark%22&pg=PA244#v=snippet&q=Lewark&f=false |accessdate=28 December 2011|author1= Dickie}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/174490.htm|title=USAT Meigs ex-West Lewark (ID 4490)|author=NavSource|date=|work=NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive|publisher=|accessdate=28 December 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515114413/http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/174490.htm|archivedate=15 May 2012|df=dmy-all}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-civil/civsh-w/w-lewark.htm |title=S.S. West Lewark (American Freighter, 1921) |author=Naval History and Heritage Command |date= |work=Online Library of Selected Images |publisher=Department of the Navy |accessdate=28 December 2011}}
9. ^{{cite journal |last= |first= |year= |title=Satisfactory Results Favor Trials of West Lewark on Pacific Coast |journal=Marine Engineering and Shipping Age |volume=XXVI |date=August 1921|page=642 |publisher=Aldrich Publishing Company |doi= |url=https://books.google.com/?id=-1gfAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA642&dq=%22West%20Lewark%22&pg=PA642#v=onepage&q=%22West%20Lewark%22&f=false |accessdate=28 December 2011}}
10. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Marine Journal |year=1921 |title=Third Sister Makes Her Debut |journal=Marine Journal |volume=44 |issue=October 8, 1921 |page=31 |location=New York |publisher=Edgar Pennington Young |doi= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOg_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PR30#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=23 February 2015}}
11. ^1 {{cite book |title=The Army's Cargo Fleet in World War II |last=Larson |first=Harold |authorlink= |author2= |year=1945 |publisher=Cffice of the Chief of Transportation, Army Service Forces |location= |isbn= |pages=1, 9 & 26 |url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA438107 |accessdate=28 December 2011}}
12. ^{{cite book |title=Renegade Champion: The Unlikely Rise of Fitzrada |last=Rust |first=Richard R. |authorlink= |author2= |year=2008 |publisher=Taylor Trade Publishing |location=Lanham Maryland |isbn=978-158979379-8|page=80 |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/?id=sl5_mMgsv1gC&lpg=PA80&dq=%22transport%20Meigs%22%20Philippines%20OR%20Hawaii&pg=PA80#v=onepage&q=%22transport%20Meigs%22%20Philippines%20OR%20Hawaii&f=false |accessdate=29 December 2011}}
13. ^{{cite book |title=Westmoreland: The General Who Lost Vietnam |last=Sorley |first=Lewis |authorlink= |author2= |year=2011 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company |location=New York City |isbn=978-0-547-51826-8 |page=12 |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/?id=ONCoj9bBhIQC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=%22transport+Meigs%22+Philippines+OR+Hawaii+horse#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=29 December 2011}}
14. ^{{cite news |url= http://lostclipper.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/clipper-20.pdf |title=Telltale Surface on Ocean Found by Transport Meigs |author=AP News |date=30 July 1938 |newspaper=The Sun |format=pdf |publisher=wordpress.com |accessdate=28 December 2011}}
15. ^{{cite book |title=United States Army in World War II-The War in the Pacific-The Fall of the Philippines |last=Morton |first=Lewis |authorlink= |year=1993 |publisher=Center of Military History, United States Army |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn= |page= |pages=145–146 |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/005/5-2-1/index.html |accessdate=29 December 2011}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4202-42FEB02.htm |title=NAVAL EVENTS, FEBRUARY 1942, Part 2 of 2 Sunday 15th – Saturday 28th |author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=29 December 2011}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/war-at-home-shipwrecks|title=The war at home: Second World War shipwrecks in Australian waters|author=|date=|work=|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=28 December 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227140919/http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/war-at-home-shipwrecks|archivedate=27 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cs-pa-http%253A%252F%252Fcas.awm.gov.au%252Fphotograph%252FP05303.019 |title=The United States Army Transport (USAT) Meigs underway in Darwin Harbour |author= |date= |work=Picture Australia |publisher=National Library of Australia |accessdate=28 December 2011}}
19. ^{{cite web |title= World War II Wrecks |publisher= Darwin Diver Center |url= http://www.darwindivecentre.com.au/WWII%20Wrecks.html |accessdate= 4 March 2009 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080921130209/http://www.darwindivecentre.com.au/WWII%20Wrecks.html |archivedate= 21 September 2008 |df= dmy-all }}
20. ^{{cite web |title= World War II Shipwrecks |publisher= Northern Territory Government, Australia |url= http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/heritage/ntregister/declared/display.html?wwships |accessdate= 4 March 2009 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091006123543/http://nt.gov.au/nreta/heritage/ntregister/declared/display.html?wwships |archivedate= 6 October 2009 |df= dmy-all }}
21. ^{{cite book |year=1918 |title=Fiftieth Annual List of Merchant Vessels of the United States, Year ended June 30, 1918 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Department of Commerce, Bureau of Navigation |page=497 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433023733961;view=1up;seq=511;size=250 |accessdate=17 December 2018}}
22. ^{{cite web |last=Colton |first=Tim |title=John H. Dialogue & Son, Camden NJ |publisher=ShipbuildingHistory |date=May 18, 2016 |url=http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/19thcentury/dialogue.htm |accessdate=17 December 2018}}
23. ^http://www.ntlexhibit.nt.gov.au/exhibits/show/bod/roh/cleborne
[23]

See also

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120321050122/http://www.battleforaustralia.org.au/2901/Overview/Bombing_Darwin/ The Bombing of Darwin]
  • [https://archive.is/20121127063747/http://cas.awm.gov.au/photograph/P05303.019 Australian War Memorial, photograph P05303.019]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928020855/http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/war-at-home-shipwrecks The war at home: Second World War shipwrecks in Australian waters]
  • List of ships sunk by the Imperial Japanese Navy
{{Design 1133 ships}}{{Recreational dive sites}}{{Los Angeles SB&DDC and Todd, Los Angeles ships}}{{February 1942 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Meigs, USAT}}

8 : 1921 ships|Design 1133 ships of the United States Army|Ships built in Los Angeles|Ships sunk in the bombing of Darwin, 1942|Maritime incidents in February 1942|Transport ships of the United States Army|World War II auxiliary ships of the United States|Wreck diving sites
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