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词条 USCGC Cuyahoga (WIX-157)
释义

  1. Background

  2. History

     U.S. Coast Guard (WSC-157)  United States Navy (AG-26)  U.S. Coast Guard (WIX-157)  Collision and sinking  Post-collision repair and scuttling 

  3. References

{{Use American English|date=July 2014}}{{use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}{{Infobox ship image
USCGC Cuyahoga (WIX-157)
Ship image=File:Cuyahoga 1974.jpgShip caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=United StatesUnited States|coast guard}}Ship name=Ship namesake=Ship owner=Ship operator=Ship registry=Ship route=Ship ordered=Ship awarded=Ship builder=American Brown Boveri Electric Corporation, Camden, New JerseyShip original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down=1926Ship launched=27 January 1927Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=3 March 1927Ship decommissioned=29 May 1933Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship identification=WSC-157Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship honors=Ship captured=Ship fate=Transferred to the U.S. NavyShip status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=titleShip country=United States1941}}Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=1 April 1935Ship decommissioned=17 May 1941Ship identification=AG-26[1]Ship fate=Returned to the U.S. Coast Guard
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=titleShip country=United StatesUnited States|coast guard}}Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=17 May 1941 (USCG)Ship identification=WIX-157Ship fate=*Sunk in collision 20 October 1978
  • Refloated 29 October 1978
  • Scuttled 29 March 1979

}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Active|patrol boat}}Ship type=Ship tonnage=Ship displacement=320 tonsShip tons burthen=125|ft|m|abbr=on}}23.5|ft|m|abbr=on}}Ship height=Ship draught=9|ft|m|abbr=on}}Ship depth=Ship hold depth=Ship decks=Ship deck clearance=Ship ramps=Ship ice class=Ship power=Ship propulsion=twin dieselShip sail plan=Ship speed=4900|mi}}{{clarify|reason=nautical or statute miles? |date=June 2013}}Ship endurance=Ship test depth=Ship boats=Ship capacity=Ship troops=Ship complement=29Ship crew=Ship time to activate=Ship sensors=*SF-1 radar
  • QCO-1 sonar (1945)
  • SPS-23 radar, no sonar (1960)
Ship EW=Ship armament=*1 × 3"/23 caliber dual-purpose gun
  • 2 × depth charge racks (1942)
  • 1 × 40 mm/60
  • 2 × 20 mm/80
  • 2 × Mousetraps (1945)
  • 1 × 40 mm Bofors/60 (1960)[2]
Ship armour=Ship armor=Ship aircraft=Ship aircraft facilities=Ship notes=
}}

USCGC Cuyahoga (WIX-157) was an {{sclass-|Active|patrol boat}} built in 1927 which saw action in World War II. Cuyahoga sank after a night-time collision in the Chesapeake Bay while on patrol in 1978. She was later raised and re-sunk as an artificial reef off the Virginia coast and is now a popular recreational dive site.

Background

The Active-class was one of the most useful and long lasting in the service. Thirty-three ships were built with sixteen cutters still in use in the 1960s. The last to be decommissioned was {{USCGC|Morris|WSC-147}} in 1970; the last in service was Cuyahoga, sunk in 1978. They were designed for the outer line of patrol during prohibition, trailing mother ships. They gained a reputation for durability only enhanced by their re-engining in the late 1930s; their original 6-cylinder diesels were replaced by significantly more powerful 8-cylinder GE 268-A engines, each with {{convert|800|bhp|abbr=on}} that used the original engine beds and gave the vessels 3 additional knots. All served in World War II, however, {{USCGC|Jackson}} and {{USCGC|Bedloe}}, were lost in the Great Atlantic Hurricane in 1944. Ten were refitted as buoy tenders during World

War II and reverted to patrol work afterward.[2][3]

History

U.S. Coast Guard (WSC-157)

USCGC Cuyahoga was built by American Brown Boveri, launched 27 January 1927 and commissioned 3 March 1927 at Camden, New Jersey. After commissioning, she saw duty in the Atlantic enforcing prohibition by intercepting rumrunners.[2]

United States Navy (AG-26)

On 29 May 1933 Cuyahoga arrived at the Washington Navy Yard and commissioned in the US Navy on 1 April 1935 as AG-26, a tender for the Presidential Yacht {{USS|Potomac|AG-25|6}}.[1][2]

U.S. Coast Guard (WIX-157)

She returned to Coast Guard jurisdiction on 17 May 1941 and recommissioned by the Coast Guard at the Washington Navy Yard on that day. She arrived at her new permanent station at Baltimore, Maryland 20 May 1941.[2]

On 17 January 1942 her permanent station was changed from Baltimore to Norfolk, Virginia, where she reported to Commander Defense Area Group for duty. During World War II Cuyahoga was on escort duty attached to Commander Eastern Sea Frontier and Commander Caribbean Sea Frontier. From October 1942 to June 1945 she spent the majority of her time in the Caribbean Sea, usually escorting vessels between Guantanamo Bay, Trinidad and Paramaribo. During the war Cuyahoga was armed with one {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}/23 caliber antiaircraft gun and two depth charge racks.[2]

After the war, Cuyahoga operated out of Norfolk until May 1946 when she, along with Calypso, was placed "In Commission-Reserve" status due to personnel shortages. In April 1947 Cuyahoga was transferred from Norfolk to the United States Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland and worked with the Field Testing and Development Unit except for occasional engineering and other operational activities.[2]

From 1957 to 1959 she was assigned to New London, Connecticut for training officer candidates. Later in 1959 arrived at Yorktown, Virginia where she continued to provide training for officer candidates.[2]

Collision and sinking

On 20 October 1978, Cuyahoga was the oldest commissioned vessel in Coast Guard service and was conducting a night-time training cruise during clear weather. She was heading north at 12 knots in the Chesapeake Bay off Smith Point Light near the mouth of the Potomac River. At 8:45pm, Officer Candidate Officer of the Deck Earl Fairchild reported sighting a light on the northern horizon. The Commanding Officer, Chief Warrant Officer Donald K. Robinson confirmed this observation and after evaluating the radar contact misidentified the contact as a similarly northbound small vessel, likely a fishing boat turning into the Potomac River at 15,700 yards. In fact, it was the 521-foot Argentinian bulk freighter, M/V Santa Cruz II, loaded with 19,000 tons of coal, bound for San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Argentina traveling south at over 14 knots.[4][5]

The pilot of Santa Cruz, John P. Hamill, identified Cuyahoga, and neither he nor the ship's Captain Abdelardo Albornoz were concerned as the two ships appeared to be passing port-to-port. When the two vessels were 1,200 yards apart Cuyahoga turned west, into the path of Santa Cruz, to enter the Potomac River to moor for the night.[5] Hamill immediately sounded Santa Cruz's whistle signaling that he would maintain course and speed and that the cutter should return to its original course. After waiting 30 seconds without any response from Cuyahoga Hamill sounded a danger warning of five short blasts.[4]

Robinson still believed the vessel was a small fishing boat and that it was also turning into the Potomac River, sounded his whistle in acknowledgement and turned further west. Robinson realized that he was about to collide with a freighter and ordered "all engines stop," then "full reverse". At 9:07pm, the bulbous underwater bow of Santa Cruz tore through Cuyahoga's midship, 40 feet from the stern, rolling her over at a 50 degree angle. Robinson had reversed back into the path of Santa Cruz.[4]

Cuyahoga sank within two minutes of the collision in 58 feet of water. The cutter's 14-foot utility boat had popped free of the sinking vessel and Boatswain's Mate Roger Wild put the injured survivors in the boat. The un-injured clung to the sides of the boat until the freighter returned to pick up survivors.[4] Eleven on board Cuyahoga were killed, but 18 survived.[2][4]

The Marine Casualty Report, number USCG 16732/92368 dated 31 July 1979, concluded:

{{quote|The Commandant has determined that the proximate cause of the casualty was that the commanding officer of the USCGC CUYAHOGA failed to properly identify the navigation lights displayed by the M/V SANTA CRUZ II. As a result he did not comprehend that the vessels were in a meeting situation, and altered the CUYAHOGA's course to port taking his vessel into the path of the SANTA CRUZ II.[6]}}
Post-collision repair and scuttling

Two U.S. Navy floating cranes were brought to the scene of the sinking and on 29 October 1978 Cuyahoga was raised.[7] She was towed to Portsmouth, Virginia, where the hole was patched. On 26 November 1978, it was decided to scuttle the ship in the Atlantic Ocean off the Virginia Capes to create an artificial reef for fishing. Cuyahoga was towed {{convert|15|nmi}} offshore and on 29 March 1979 she was scuttled.[7] She sits upright on the seafloor in 100 feet (30 meters) of water.[4][8]

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Service Ship Photo Archive|url=http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/49/49026.htm|website=NavSource Online|publisher=NavSource.org|accessdate=21 October 2016}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  {{cite web |title=Cuyahoga, 1927 WIX / WMEC / WSC-157 |publisher=US Coast Guard |date=November 2001 |url=http://www.uscg.mil/tcyorktown/info/History/Cutters/cuyahoga.asp |accessdate=2013-06-17 }}
3. ^{{cite journal|title=USCGC McLane (WSC 146)|work=Retiree Newsletter|page=6|publisher=USCG Integrated Support Command Worklife (Retiree Council)|year=2006|location=Seattle, Washington,|volume=6|issue=4|url=http://www.cgretirenw.org/newsltroct06.pdf|format=pdf|type=news letter}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last=Shomette|first=Donald|title=Shipwrecks on the Chesapeake|publisher=Tidewater Publishers|year=1982|location=Centreville, Maryland|pages=228–237|isbn=0-87033-283-X}}
5. ^1 {{cite court|litigants=Empresa Lineas Maritimas Argentinas S.A. v. United States of America|vol=730|reporter=F.2d|opinion=153|court=4th Cir.|date=1984|url=https://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/730/730.F2d.153.82-1867.html}}
6. ^{{cite web|publisher=US Coast Guard|title=Marine Casualty Report, number USCG 16732 / 92368|url=http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg545/docs/boards/cuyogasantacruz.pdf|format=pdf|date=31 July 1979}}
7. ^1 [https://www.proptalk.com/the-sinking-of-the-uscgc-cuyahoga Anonymous, "The Sinking of the USCGC Cuyahoga," proptalk.com, September 28, 2016, 08:00 Retrieved January 7, 2019]
8. ^{{cite web|title=USCGC CUYAHOGA (WIX 157) Memorial|publisher=US Coast Guard, Training Center Yorktown|date=31 October 2007|url=http://www.uscg.mil/tcyorktown/Info/cuyahoga.asp|accessdate=2009-01-26}}{{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
{{DANFS}}{{Active class patrol boat}}{{1978 shipwrecks}}{{1979 shipwrecks}}{{coord|36|57|39|N|75|22|11|W|type:landmark_region:US|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuyahoga (Wix-157)}}

15 : Active-class patrol boats|Disasters in Virginia|Ships built in Camden, New Jersey|1927 ships|Maritime incidents in 1978|Maritime incidents in 1979|World War II patrol vessels of the United States|Ships sunk in collisions|Ships sunk as dive sites|Scuttled vessels|Shipwrecks of the Virginia coast|United States Navy Ohio-related ships|Ships of the United States Coast Guard|Tenders of the United States Navy|Shipwrecks in the Chesapeake Bay
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