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词条 U.S. military UAS groups
释义

  1. DoD UAS Groups

  2. Tier System (Deprecated)

      US Air Force tiers    US Marine Corps tiers    US Army tiers  

  3. Future Combat Systems (Cancelled)

  4. References

The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) employs Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) across all echelons to support tactical, operational, and strategic operations. The types of UAS that are used in these operations are categorized into "Groups" according to their size and capability. Previous to 2010, UAS were categorized into "Tiers" or "Classes" separately by each branch of the military. In order to promote a homogeneous categorization, the "group system" was developed.[1][2][3]

DoD UAS Groups

The "Group" system has 5 categories, from 1 to 5, with each category increasing in capability.[4]

UAS Group Maximum weight
(lb) (MGTOW) 		Nominal operating
altitude (ft) 		Speed (kn) Representative UAS
Group 1 0–20 < 1,200 AGL 100 RQ-11 Raven, WASP
Group 2 21–55 < 3,500 AGL < 250 ScanEagle
Group 3 < 1,320 < FL 180 RQ-7B Shadow, RQ-21 Blackjack, Navmar RQ-23 Tigershark
Group 4 > 1,320Any airspeed MQ-8B Fire Scout, MQ-1A/B Predator, MQ-1C Gray Eagle
Group 5 > FL 180 MQ-9 Reaper, RQ-4 Global Hawk, MQ-4C Triton

Tier System (Deprecated)

The previous classification system, termed the "Tier System", was used by military planners to designate the various individual aircraft elements in an overall usage plan for integrated operations.[5] The Tiers do not refer to specific models of aircraft, but rather roles the aircraft would fill. The U.S. Air Force, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Army each have their own tier system, and the systems are themselves not integrated.

US Air Force tiers

  • Tier N/A: Small/Micro UAV. Role filled by BATMAV (Wasp Block III).[6]
  • Tier I: Low altitude, long endurance. Role filled by the Gnat 750.[7]
  • Tier II: Medium altitude, long endurance (MALE). Role currently filled by the Predator and MQ-9 Reaper.
  • Tier II+: High altitude, long endurance conventional UAV (or HALE UAV). Altitude: 60,000 to {{convert|65000|ft|m|-2}}, less than {{convert|300|kn|km/h|-1}} airspeed, {{convert|3000|nmi|km|-3|sing=on}} radius, 24‑hour time-on-station capability. Complementary to the Tier III- aircraft. Role currently filled by the RQ-4 Global Hawk.
  • Tier III-: High altitude, long endurance low-observable UAV. Same parameters as, and complementary to, the Tier II+ aircraft. The RQ-3 DarkStar was originally intended to fulfill this role before it was "terminated".[8][9] Role now filled by RQ-170 Sentinel.

US Marine Corps tiers

  • Tier N/A: Micro UAV. Wasp III fills this role, driven largely by the desire for commonality with the USAF BATMAV.[10][11]
  • Tier I: Role currently filled by the Dragon Eye but all ongoing and future procurement for the Dragon Eye program is going now to the RQ-11B Raven B.
  • Tier II: Role currently filled by the Scan Eagle and the AAI RQ-7 Shadow.
  • Tier III: For two decades, the role of medium range tactical UAV was filled by the Pioneer UAV. In July 2007, the Marine Corps announced its intention to retire the aging Pioneer fleet and transition to the RQ-7 Shadow tactical unmanned aircraft system by AAI Corporation. The first Marine Shadow systems have already been delivered, and training for their respective Marine Corps units is underway.[12][13]

Role currently filled by the AAI RQ-7 Shadow, although USMC planners do not view this aircraft as meeting future Tier III requirements.[14]

US Army tiers

  • Tier I: Small UAV. Role filled by the RQ-11A/B Raven.
  • Tier II: Short Range Tactical UAV. Role filled by the RQ-7A/B Shadow 200.
  • Tier III: Medium Range Tactical UAV. Role currently filled by the MQ-5A/B Hunter and IGNAT/IGNAT-ER, but transitioning to the Extended Range Multi-Purpose (ERMP) MQ-1C Gray Eagle.

Future Combat Systems (Cancelled)

{{Main|FCS/BCT unmanned aerial vehicles}}

Future Combat Systems (FCS) was the United States Army's principal modernization program from 2003 to early 2009.

  • Class I: For small units. Role to be filled by all new UAV with some similarity to Micro Air Vehicle.
  • Class II: For companies (cancelled).[15]
  • Class III: For battalions (cancelled).[15]
  • Class IV: For brigades. Role to be filled by the RQ-8A/B / MQ-8B Fire Scout.

References

1. ^{{cite journal|author=Department of Defense|title=Unmanned Aircraft System Airspace Integration Plan|url=http://www.acq.osd.mil/sts/docs/DoD_UAS_Airspace_Integ_Plan_v2_(signed).pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2015-08-06|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121155841/http://www.acq.osd.mil/sts/docs/DoD_UAS_Airspace_Integ_Plan_v2_(signed).pdf|archivedate=2016-01-21|df=}}
2. ^{{cite journal|author=U.S. Army |title="U.S. Army Roadmap for UAS 2010-2035"|url=https://fas.org/irp/program/collect/uas-army.pdf |format=PDF|accessdate=2015-08-06}}
3. ^{{cite journal|author=Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff|title=Joint Unmanned Aircraft Systems Minimum Training Standards|url=http://www.dtic.mil/cjcs_directives/cdata/unlimit/3255_01.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2015-08-06|journal=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906200342/http://www.dtic.mil/cjcs_directives/cdata/unlimit/3255_01.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-06|dead-url=yes|df=}}
4. ^{{cite journal |author=Department of Defense |title=Unmanned Aircraft System Airspace Integration Plan |url=http://www.acq.osd.mil/sts/docs/DoD_UAS_Airspace_Integ_Plan_v2_(signed).pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-08-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121155841/http://www.acq.osd.mil/sts/docs/DoD_UAS_Airspace_Integ_Plan_v2_(signed).pdf |archivedate=2016-01-21 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite journal|author=Office of the United States Secretary of Defense |title=UAV Roadmap 2005–2030 |url=http://www.fas.org/irp/program/collect/uav_roadmap2005.pdf | format=PDF|accessdate=2007-08-24 }}
6. ^ {{dead link|date=March 2012}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vectorsite.net/twuav.html|title=Unmanned Aerial Vehicles|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|accessdate=January 12, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195444/http://www.vectorsite.net/twuav.html|archivedate=January 11, 2012}}
8. ^Comparison of USAF Tier II, II+ and III- systems {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819081334/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/uav.html |date=August 19, 2007 }}
9. ^USAF Tier system {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514015425/http://www.edwards.af.mil/articles98/docs_html/splash/may98/cover/Tier.htm |date=May 14, 2006 }}
10. ^[https://www.mcwl.usmc.mil/mcp/Initiatives/Technology%20Investigation/41-MCP-%20WASP%2010%20Jul%2006.pdf]{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.avinc.com/pr_detail.asp?ID=68|title=AeroVironment, Inc.: AV Press: United States Marine Corps Awards AeroVironment $19.3 Million BATMAV Contract for Wasp III Micro Unmanned Aircraft Systems|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|accessdate=March 19, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208071024/http://www.avinc.com/pr_detail.asp?ID=68|archivedate=December 8, 2008}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.mccdc.usmc.mil/OpsDiv/CEAB/Jun%2005%20CEAB/JUN%2005%20Briefs/20%20-%20Coordinated%20UAV%20Endorsement%20Brief.ppt#5|title=MCCDC, MCSC - Coordinated UAV Endorsement Brief|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|accessdate=August 8, 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625111732/https://www.mccdc.usmc.mil/OpsDiv/CEAB/Jun%2005%20CEAB/JUN%2005%20Briefs/20%20-%20Coordinated%20UAV%20Endorsement%20Brief.ppt|archivedate=June 25, 2008}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.navyleague.org/sea_power/jul06-18.php|title=Navy League of the United States - Citizens in Support of the Sea Services|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|accessdate=August 8, 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207192835/http://www.navyleague.org/sea_power/jul06-18.php|archivedate=February 7, 2012}}
14. ^USMC RQ-7 Shadow Homepage
15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.defensetech.org/archives/cat_fcs_watch.html|title=Defense Tech: FCS Watch Archives|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|accessdate=August 24, 2007|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070811223149/http://www.defensetech.org/archives/cat_fcs_watch.html|archivedate=August 11, 2007}}

2 : United States Department of Defense|Unmanned military aircraft of the United States
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