| 词条 | Fort-de-France |
| 释义 |
|name = Fort-de-France |commune status = Capital, prefecture and commune |image = Fort-de-France-baie.jpg |caption = A view from the ship arriving from Les Trois-Îlets |image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Fort-de-France (Martinique).svg |image flag = |flag legend = |region = Martinique |department = Martinique |arrondissement = Fort-de-France |adjustable map = Fort-de-France 972.PNG |map size = 210px |map caption = Location of the commune (in red) within Martinique |time zone = UTC−4 |INSEE = 97209 |postal code = 97200 and 97234 (Quartier de Balata) |mayor = Didier Laguerre |term = 2014–2020 |intercommunality = CA Centre de la Martinique |coordinates = {{coord|14.6|-61.0833|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation m = |elevation min m = 0 |elevation max m = 1070 |area km2 = 44.21 |population = 85295 |population date = 2013 }} Fort-de-France ({{IPA-fr|fɔʁ də fʁɑ̃s}}) is the capital of France's Caribbean overseas department of Martinique. It is also one of the major cities in the Caribbean. Exports include sugar, rum, tinned fruit, and cacao. HistoryIn 1638, Jacques Dyel du Parquet (1606–1658), nephew of Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc and first governor of Martinique, decided to have Fort Saint Louis built to protect the city against enemy attacks. The fort was soon destroyed, and rebuilt in 1669, when Louis XIV appointed the Marquis of Baas as governor general. Under his orders and those of his successors, particularly the Count of Blénac, the fort was built with a Vauban design. Originally named Fort-Royal, the administrative capital of Martinique was over-shadowed by Saint-Pierre, the oldest city in the island, which was renowned for its commercial and cultural vibrancy as "The Paris of the Caribbean". The name of Fort-Royal was changed to a short-lived "Fort-La-Republique" during the French Revolution, and finally settled as Fort-de-France sometime in the 19th century. The old name of Fort-Royal is still used today familiarly in its Creole language form of "Foyal", with the inhabitants of the city being "Foyalais". The city had its share of disasters, being captured by a British expedition in 1762,[1] partially destroyed by an earthquake in 1839 and devastated by fire in 1890. At the turn of the 20th century, however, Fort-de-France became economically important after the volcanic eruption of Mount Pelée destroyed the town of Saint-Pierre in 1902. Until 1918, when its commercial growth began, Fort-de-France had an inadequate water supply, was partly surrounded by swamps, and was notorious for yellow fever. Now the swamps are drained to make room for extensive suburbs. GeographyFort-de-France, also known as the Fort of France, lies on Martinique's west coast at the northern entrance to the large Fort-de-France Bay, at the mouth of the Madame River. The city occupies a narrow plain between the hills and the sea but is accessible by road from all parts of the island. {{clear}}ClimateFort-de-France has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af), characterised by very warm to hot and humid weather year-round. The wettest months are from July to November when hurricanes are a frequent threat, although substantial rainfall occurs in all months. {{Weather box|location = Fort-de-France (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1932–present) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 31.5 |Feb record high C = 32.1 |Mar record high C = 33.6 |Apr record high C = 33.0 |May record high C = 33.9 |Jun record high C = 33.6 |Jul record high C = 33.6 |Aug record high C = 33.0 |Sep record high C = 33.8 |Oct record high C = 33.0 |Nov record high C = 32.1 |Dec record high C = 31.3 |year record high C = 33.9 |Jan high C = 27.5 |Feb high C = 27.8 |Mar high C = 28.5 |Apr high C = 29.4 |May high C = 29.8 |Jun high C = 29.5 |Jul high C = 29.5 |Aug high C = 30.0 |Sep high C = 30.3 |Oct high C = 30.0 |Nov high C = 29.0 |Dec high C = 28.1 |year high C = 29.1 |Jan mean C = 24.7 |Feb mean C = 24.7 |Mar mean C = 25.2 |Apr mean C = 26.1 |May mean C = 26.7 |Jun mean C = 26.8 |Jul mean C = 26.7 |Aug mean C = 27.0 |Sep mean C = 27.2 |Oct mean C = 26.9 |Nov mean C = 26.2 |Dec mean C = 25.3 |year mean C = 26.1 |Jan low C = 21.9 |Feb low C = 21.7 |Mar low C = 22.0 |Apr low C = 22.8 |May low C = 23.6 |Jun low C = 24.0 |Jul low C = 23.9 |Aug low C = 24.0 |Sep low C = 24.0 |Oct low C = 23.8 |Nov low C = 23.4 |Dec low C = 22.6 |year low C = 23.1 |Jan record low C = 17.8 |Feb record low C = 17.3 |Mar record low C = 18.6 |Apr record low C = 18.9 |May record low C = 19.9 |Jun record low C = 20.0 |Jul record low C = 18.4 |Aug record low C = 19.5 |Sep record low C = 17.9 |Oct record low C = 20.2 |Nov record low C = 19.7 |Dec record low C = 17.4 |year record low C = 17.3 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 119.5 |Feb rain mm = 77.8 |Mar rain mm = 74.3 |Apr rain mm = 94.0 |May rain mm = 131.5 |Jun rain mm = 159.8 |Jul rain mm = 219.3 |Aug rain mm = 254.7 |Sep rain mm = 234.5 |Oct rain mm = 265.9 |Nov rain mm = 254.5 |Dec rain mm = 134.7 |year rain mm = 2020.5 |unit rain days = 1.0 mm |Jan rain days = 18.93 |Feb rain days = 13.60 |Mar rain days = 12.77 |Apr rain days = 11.50 |May rain days = 12.70 |Jun rain days = 16.43 |Jul rain days = 20.00 |Aug rain days = 19.57 |Sep rain days = 17.90 |Oct rain days = 18.17 |Nov rain days = 19.00 |Dec rain days = 17.60 |Jan sun = 203.6 |Feb sun = 198.5 |Mar sun = 223.8 |Apr sun = 211.3 |May sun = 208.1 |Jun sun = 191.0 |Jul sun = 200.7 |Aug sun = 224.5 |Sep sun = 206.1 |Oct sun = 182.9 |Nov sun = 184.4 |Dec sun = 201.8 |year sun = 2436.8 |source 1 = Météo France[2][3][4] }} Naval baseFort Saint Louis in Fort-de-France is a French naval base, as is Dégrad des Cannes (French Guiana). Main sightsIn addition to Fort Saint Louis, there are three other forts:
Other sites of interest include:
A statue commemorating Martinique-born Empress Josephine, the wife of Napoleon, is in the gardens of La Savane. It was vandalized in the 1990s, presumably by individuals who blamed her for supporting the reestablishment of slavery on the island. They removed the head and splashed the body with red paint.[5] TransportMartinique Aimé Césaire International Airport is located in a suburb outside Fort-de-France and is accessible via the A1 autoroute. See also
References1. ^* {{cite book|last=Robson|first=Martin|title=A History of the Royal Navy: The Seven Years War|publisher=Taurus|location=London|pages=171–173|year=2016|isbn=9781780765457}} 2. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/outremer/fort-de-france/97209004/normales| title = Données climatiques de la station de Fort de France| publisher = Météo France| language = French| accessdate = January 31, 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/outremer/martinique/972/normales| title = Climat Martinique| publisher = Météo France| accessdate = January 31, 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180330014244/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_97209004.pdf| archivedate = 29 March 2018| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_97209004.pdf| title = Fort–de–France Desaix (972)| work = Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records| publisher = Météo France| language = French| accessdate = 29 March 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/martinique/fort-de-france/attractions/statue-of-empress-josephine/a/poi-sig/1441079/358106|title=Statue of Empress Josephine|website=Lonely Planet|date=15 January 2017}} External links{{Commons category|Fort-de-France}}
7 : Fort-de-France|Capitals in the Caribbean|Communes of Martinique|Martinique–Saint Lucia border crossings|Populated places in Martinique|Port cities in the Caribbean|Prefectures in France |
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