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词条 USS Gerald R. Ford
释义

  1. Naming

  2. History

     Construction  Performance improvements  Operational and major system testing  Delivery 

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2013}}
infobox caption = yes
}}{{Infobox ship image		Ship image=Ship caption=Gerald R. Ford underway on 8 April 2017
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=United StatesShip flag={{USN flag}}Ship name=USS Gerald R. FordShip namesake=Gerald R. FordShip awarded=10 September 2008Ship builder=Newport News ShipbuildingShip original cost=$12.8 billion + $4.7 billion R&D (estimated)[1]Ship laid down=13 November 2009[2]Ship launched=11 October 2013[3]Ship sponsor=Susan Ford[4]Ship christened=9 November 2013[5]Ship acquired=31 May 2017[6]Ship commissioned=22 July 2017[7]Ship decommissioned=Ship struck=Ship homeport=Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.Ship motto="Integrity at the helm"Ship nickname=Ship honors=Ship fate=Ship status=In active service, as of 2019Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Gerald R. Ford|aircraft carrier}}Ship displacement={{G.R.Ford class CVN displacement}}1106|ft|m|abbr=on}}[8]{{convert|134|ft|m|abbr=on}} (waterline)|{{convert|256|ft|m|abbr=on}} (flight deck)}}250|ft|m|abbr=on}}Ship draft=Ship decks=25Ship deck clearance=Ship power=Two A1B nuclear reactorsShip propulsion=Four shafts30|kn|lk=in}}Ship range=Unlimited, 20–25 yearsShip boats=Ship complement=2,600+[9]Ship sensors=Ship EW=Ship armament=*Surface-to-air missiles:
  • 2 × RIM-162 ESSM launchers
  • 2 × RIM-116 RAM
  • Guns:
  • 3 × Phalanx CIWS
  • 4 × M2 .50 Cal. (12.7 mm) machine guns
Ship armor=Ship aircraft=More than 75[9]1092|×|256|ft|m|abbr=on}} flight deck
}}
USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) is the lead ship of her class of United States Navy aircraft carriers. The ship is named after the 38th President of the United States, Gerald Ford, whose World War II naval service included combat duty aboard the light aircraft carrier {{USS|Monterey|CVL-26|2}} in the Pacific Theater.[10]

The keel of Gerald R. Ford was laid down on 13 November 2009.[2] Construction began on 11 August 2005, when Northrop Grumman held a ceremonial steel cut for a 15-ton plate that forms part of a side shell unit of the carrier.[11] She was christened on 9 November 2013.[5] Gerald R. Ford entered the fleet replacing the decommissioned {{USS|Enterprise|CVN-65}}, which ended her 51 years of active service in December 2012.[12][13] Originally scheduled for delivery in 2015,[17] Gerald R. Ford was delivered to the Navy on 31 May 2017[6] and formally commissioned by President Donald Trump on 22 July 2017.[7][14][21] She is expected to leave on her first deployment around 2022.[15] As of 2017, she is the world's largest aircraft carrier, and the largest warship ever constructed in terms of displacement.[16]

Naming

In 2006, while Gerald Ford was still alive, Senator John Warner of Virginia proposed to amend a 2007 defense-spending bill to declare that CVN-78 "shall be named the USS Gerald Ford."[17] The final version signed by President George W. Bush on 17 October 2006[18] declared only that it "is the sense of Congress that ... CVN-78 should be named the U.S.S. Gerald R. Ford."[19] Since such "sense of" language is typically non-binding and does not carry the force of law, the Navy was not required to name the ship after Ford.[20]

On 3 January 2007, former United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld announced that the aircraft carrier would be named after Ford during a eulogy for President Ford at Grace Episcopal Church in East Grand Rapids, Michigan.[21] Rumsfeld indicated that he had personally told Ford of the honor during a visit to his home in Rancho Mirage a few weeks before Ford's death. This makes the aircraft carrier one of the few U.S. ships named after a living person. Later in the day, the Navy confirmed that the aircraft carrier would indeed be named after the former President.[22] On 16 January 2007, Navy Secretary Donald Winter officially named CVN-78 USS Gerald R. Ford. Ford's daughter Susan Ford Bales was named the ship's sponsor. The announcements were made at a Pentagon ceremony attended by Vice President Dick Cheney, Senators Warner (R-VA) and Levin (D-MI), Major General Guy C. Swan III, Bales, Ford's other three children, and others.[23]

The USS America Carrier Veterans Association (CVA) had pushed to name the ship USS America. The CVA is an association of sailors who served aboard {{USS|America|CV-66}}. The carrier was decommissioned in 1996 and scuttled in the Atlantic, as part of a damage test of large deck aircraft carriers in 2005.[24] The name "America" was instead assigned to {{USS|America|LHA-6}}, an amphibious assault ship commissioned in 2014.

History

Construction

On 10 September 2008, the U.S. Navy signed a $5.1 billion contract with Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding in Newport News, Virginia, to design and construct the carrier. Northrop had begun advance construction of the carrier under a $2.7 billion contract in 2005. The carrier was constructed at the Huntington Ingalls (formerly Northrop Grumman) Newport News Shipbuilding facilities in Newport News, Virginia, which employs 19,000 workers.[25]

The keel of the new warship was ceremonially laid on 14 November 2009 in Dry Dock 12[26] by Ford's daughter, Susan Ford Bales. In a speech to the assembled shipworkers and DoD officials, Bales said: "Dad met the staggering challenges of restoring trust in the presidency and healing the nation's wounds after Watergate in the only way he knew how—with complete honesty and integrity. And that is the legacy we remember this morning."[27]

In August 2011, the carrier was reported to be "structurally halfway complete".[28] In April 2012, construction was said to be 75 percent complete.[29] On 24 May 2012, the important milestone of completing the vessel up to the waterline was reached when the critical lower bow was lifted into place.[30] This was the 390th of the nearly 500 lifts of the integral modular components from which the vessel is assembled. Huntington Ingalls reported in an 8 November press release construction had "reached 87 percent structural completion".[31] By 19 December 2012, construction had reached 90 percent structural completion. "Of the nearly 500 total structural lifts needed to complete the ship, 446 have been accomplished."[32]

The island was landed and accompanying ceremony took place on 26 January 2013.[33]

On 9 April 2013, the flight deck of the carrier was completed following the addition of the ship's upper bow section, bringing the ship to 96 percent structural completion.[34]

On 7 May 2013, the last of 162 superlifts was put in place, bringing the ship to 100 percent structural completion.[35] Remaining work that needed to be done included hull painting, shafting work, completion of electrical systems, mooring equipment, installation of radar arrays, and flooding of the dry dock.[36]

On 11 July 2013, a time capsule was welded into a small room just above the floor, continuing a long Navy tradition. The time capsule holds items chosen by President Ford's daughter, Susan Ford Bales, and includes sandstone from the White House, Navy coins, and aviator wings from the ship's first commanding officer.[37]

The ship was originally scheduled for launch in July 2013 and delivery in 2015.[28] Production delays meant that the launch had to be delayed until 11 October 2013 and the naming ceremony until 9 November 2013,[38] with delivery in February 2016.[39]

On 3 October 2013, Gerald R. Ford had four 30-ton, {{convert|21|ft|m|abbr=on}}-diameter bronze propellers installed. The installation of the propellers required more than 10 months of work to install the underwater shafting.[40]

On 11 October 2013, the ship's drydock was flooded for the first time in order to test various seawater-based systems.[41] Her launch date was set to be on the same day as her naming ceremony on 9 November 2013.[42]

On 9 November 2013, the ship was christened by Ford's daughter, Susan Ford Bales, with a bottle of American sparkling wine.[5][43][44]

As of 2013, construction costs were estimated at $12.8 billion, 22% over the 2008 budget, plus $4.7 billion in research and development costs. Because of budget difficulties, the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Jonathan Greenert, warned there might be a two-year delay beyond 2016 in completing Gerald R. Ford.[45] The GAO reported that the price cap would be met by the Navy accepting an incomplete ship for that cost.[46]

On 23 September 2015, the Navy announced that several weeks of testing delays would likely slip the delivery date into April or May 2016. In addition, construction was 93% complete as of September 2015.[47]

In July 2016, a memo was obtained by CNN from Michael Gilmore, the US Department of Defense's Director of Operational Testing and Evaluation indicating that problems with four major flight systems would further delay combat readiness of the ship. The ship was not expected to be delivered until November 2016 and these issues were suggested to further delay that goal. Construction of the ship was described as 98% complete, with 88% of testing finished.[48]

Newport News Shipbuilding has released a video documentary on the construction of Gerald R. Ford.[49]

Performance improvements

Gerald R. Ford is intended to be the first of a class of aircraft carriers that offer significant performance improvements over the previous {{sclass-|Nimitz|aircraft carrier|4}}. Gerald R. Ford is equipped with an AN/SPY-3 and AN/SPY-4 active electronically scanned array multi-function radar,[50] and an island that is shorter in length and {{convert|20|ft}} taller than that of the Nimitz class; it is set {{convert|140|ft}} further aft and {{convert|3|ft}} closer to the edge of the ship. Replacing traditional steam catapults, the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) will launch all carrier aircraft. This innovation eliminates the traditional requirement to generate and store steam, freeing up considerable area below-deck. With the EMALS, Gerald R. Ford can accomplish 25% more aircraft launches per day than the Nimitz class and requires 25% fewer crew members. The Navy estimates it will save $4 billion in operating costs over a 50-year lifespan.[51] According to an Associated Press story:

{{Cquote | ‘She is truly a technological marvel,' Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Jonathan Greenert said in a webcast ceremony at the Newport News, Va., shipyard where Gerald R. Ford is being built, 'She will carry unmanned aircraft, joint strike fighters, and she will deploy lasers.’[52]}}

These performance enhancements were problematic in Pentagon tests, but final software fixes for some of the problems were delayed until after the ship’s post-shakedown availability in 2019.[53][54][64]

Operational and major system testing

In January 2014, the annual Director, Operational Test and Evaluation (DOT&E) report recorded that critical ship systems in lab and test environments (including the EMALS, Advanced Arresting Gear (AAG), Dual Band Radar, and weapons elevators) were not reliable enough and needed more testing and improvements. The Navy implemented a rigorous testing program to ensure performance issues would be resolved before the systems were installed on the aircraft carrier.

Major problems with the main turbine generators were found in June 2016.[55] The fix, requiring design changes, was installed and was verified during acceptance trials in May 2017.[56]

The Initial Operational Test & Evaluation milestone was achieved in April 2017.[57]

On 8 April 2017, Gerald R. Ford got underway under her own power for the first time as she headed to sea for builder's trials.[58][59] She completed the trials and returned to port at Naval Station Norfolk on 14 April 2017.[60]

On 24 May 2017, she departed for acceptance trials and completed them on 26 May 2017.[61][6]

Delivery

On 31 May 2017, Newport News Shipbuilding delivered Gerald R. Ford to the U.S. Navy and her status was changed to Special, in service.[6][9] Gerald R. Ford was formally commissioned into the United States Navy on 22 July 2017.[7] She is expected to be deployed around 2020, following further testing.[14][62]

On 28 July 2017, Lt. Cmdr. Jamie "Coach" Struck of Air Test and Evaluation Squadron 23 (VX-23) performed the first arrested landing and catapult launch from Gerald R. Ford in an F/A-18F Super Hornet.[63][64][65]

See also

  • List of aircraft carriers
  • List of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RS20643.pdf|publisher=Congressional Research Service|title=Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress|author=Ronald O'Rourke|date=22 October 2013|format=PDF | page=4| accessdate=8 February 2014}} FY14 cost of CVN-79 (procured in FY13) in then-year dollars; the same budget puts the cost of CVN-78 (procured in FY08) at $12,829.3 million but that includes ~$3.3bn of development costs. CVN-80 is estimated at $13,874.2m, making the total cost of the first three Fords $38,041.9m, or $12.68bn each.
2. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=49657|title=Ford Keel Laid for Future Carrier, Class|work=Navy Times|date= 16 November 2009}}
3. ^{{cite press release|url=http://newsroom.huntingtoningalls.com/releases/newport-news-shipbuilding-to-flood-dry-dock-and-float-gerald-r-ford-cvn-78|title=Newport News Shipbuilding to Flood Dry Dock and Float Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78)|publisher=Huntingdon Ingalls Industries|date=9 October 2013|accessdate=9 October 2013}}
4. ^{{cite news|last1=Murray|first1=Dave|title=Gerald R. Ford ship ceremony brings Susan Ford Bales, Family to Newport News, Virginia|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2009/11/gerald_r_ford_ship_ceremony_br.html|work=The Grand Rapids Press|date=13 November 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115195539/http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2009/11/gerald_r_ford_ship_ceremony_br.html|archivedate=15 November 2009}}
5. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=PCU Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78) Christening Ceremony |url=http://navylive.dodlive.mil/2013/11/08/pcu-gerald-r-ford-cvn-78-christening-ceremony/ |work=Navy Live |date=8 November 2013 |accessdate=1 June 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915053228/http://navylive.dodlive.mil/2013/11/08/pcu-gerald-r-ford-cvn-78-christening-ceremony/ |archivedate=15 September 2016 |df=dmy-all }}
6. ^1 2 3 {{cite press release|url=http://newsroom.huntingtoningalls.com/releases/aircraft-carrier-gerald-r-ford-cvn78-delivered|title=Huntington Ingalls Industries Delivers Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78) To U.S. Navy|publisher=Huntingdon Ingalls Industries|date=1 June 2017|accessdate=1 June 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606095614/http://newsroom.huntingtoningalls.com/releases/aircraft-carrier-gerald-r-ford-cvn78-delivered|archivedate=6 June 2017|df=dmy-all}}
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8. ^{{cite web |url=http://nns.huntingtoningalls.com/employees/pub/watch/cvn78-upperbow.html |title=787-Ton Superlift: Ford Upper Bow |work=Newport News Shipbuilding |publisher=Huntington Ingalls |date=15 April 2013 |accessdate=27 January 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202161658/http://nns.huntingtoningalls.com/employees/pub/watch/cvn78-upperbow.html |archivedate=2 February 2016 |df=dmy-all }}
9. ^1 {{cite web|title=Aircraft Carriers – CVN|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_print.asp?cid=4200&tid=200&ct=4&page=2|website=U.S. Navy – Fact file|accessdate=25 April 2017}}
10. ^Navy Names New Aircraft Carrier USS Gerald R. Ford – Official Announcement from Secretary of the Navy.
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14. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Jenkins|first1=Aric|title=The USS Gerald Ford Is the Most Advanced Aircraft Carrier in the World|url=http://fortune.com/2017/07/22/uss-gerald-ford-commissioning/|accessdate=23 July 2017|work=Fortune|date=22 July 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web |title=US Navy Wants to Delay Shock Trials of $13 Billion Supercarrier|work=The Diplomat|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/us-navy-wants-to-delay-shock-trials-of-13-billion-supercarrier |date=9 February 2018 |accessdate=19 July 2018}}
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17. ^United States Library of Congress. {{cite web|url= http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getpage.cgi?dbname=2006_record&page=S5815&position=all |title=Congressional Record, S5815 }}, Senate Amendment 4211. Retrieved 5 December 2006.
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20. ^{{cite web |title=C-SPAN's Capitol Questions: Sense of Congress|url=http://www.c-span.org/questions/week140.asp | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061225112530/http://www.c-span.org/questions/week140.asp |website=CSPAN|archivedate=25 December 2006 |date=28 March 2001}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ford.utexas.edu/grf/Funeral/rumsfeld.asp|title=Donald Rumsfeld's Eulogy for President Ford|website=Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum|date=3 January 2007}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/01/03/america/NA_GEN_US_Gerald_Ford_Carrier.php |title=Next Navy aircraft carrier to be named for late President Gerald Ford, buried Wednesday|website=Associated Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119193307/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/01/03/america/NA_GEN_US_Gerald_Ford_Carrier.php |archivedate=19 January 2008 |date= 3 January 2007}}
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24. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.cvn78.com/index.htm | title= Name CVN78 USS America: A new flagship for America! |date= 21 January 2007 |work= |publisher= USS America Carrier Veterans Association | accessdate= 5 December 2008}}
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26. ^{{coord|37.0014|-76.4462 |format=dms |region:US-VA_scale:2000 }}
27. ^Frost, Peter, "Shipyard Lays Keel Of Carrier In Solemn Tribute To Gerald R. Ford", Newport News Daily Press, 15 November 2009.
28. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/aug/18/navys-next-aircraft-carrier-halfway-complete/ |title= Navy's next aircraft carrier halfway complete |publisher=Signon San Diego |date=18 August 2011 |accessdate=15 August 2012}}
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32. ^{{Citation | url = http://ir.huntingtoningalls.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=243052&p=irol-newsArticle&id=1768655 | title = Gerald R Ford (CVN 78) Hits the 90 Percent Mark for Structural Completion | newspaper = Industries reports | publisher = Huntington Ingalls | date = 19 December 2012}}.
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40. ^{{cite news|url=https://online.wsj.com/article/PR-CO-20131003-909281.html|title= Newport News Shipbuilding Installs 30-Ton Propellers on Aircraft Carrier Gerald R. Ford | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019204035/http://online.wsj.com/article/PR-CO-20131003-909281.html |archivedate=19 October 2013 |work=Wall Street Journal|date= 3 October 2013}}
41. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dailypress.com/news/military/dp-nws-ford-drydock-flooded-20131011,0,7552846.story |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016235526/http://articles.dailypress.com/2013-10-11/news/dp-nws-ford-drydock-flooded-20131011_1_aircraft-carrier-new-carrier-susan-ford-bales |archive-date=16 October 2013 |title=Floating the Ford: New carrier meets the water|work=Daily Press|date=11 October 2013|first1=Hugh|last1=Lessig}}
42. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2013/10/navys_newest_aircraft_carrier.html | title=Navy floods dry dock around USS Gerald R. Ford aircraft carrier ahead of Nov. 9 christening | first=Garret | last=Ellison | publisher=Michigan Live | date=13 October 2013 }}
43. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.defencetalk.com/aircraft-carrier-gerald-r-ford-cvn-78-christened-at-newport-news-shipbuilding-49604/ |title=Aircraft Carrier Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78) Christened At Newport News Shipbuilding |date=12 November 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001607/http://www.defencetalk.com/aircraft-carrier-gerald-r-ford-cvn-78-christened-at-newport-news-shipbuilding-49604/ |archivedate=3 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
44. ^{{cite AV media |date=2013-11-09 |title= Time Lapse: Keel Laying to Christening of America's Next Carrier |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ozS36fM1EU&t=45s |access-date=2017-04-20 |publisher= Huntington Ingalls Industries }}
45. ^{{cite web |title=Statement of Admiral Jonathan Greenert, CNO |url=https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Greenert_11-07-131.pdf |work=U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee |date=7 November 2013 |accessdate=1 June 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228120627/http://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Greenert_11-07-131.pdf |archivedate=28 December 2016 |df=dmy-all }}
46. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.stripes.com/gao-navy-carrier-will-be-incomplete-cost-more-at-delivery-1.315358 |title=GAO: Navy carrier will be incomplete, cost more at delivery |last=Slavin |first=Erik |date=21 November 2014 |website=Stars and Stripes |accessdate=21 November 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129040705/http://www.stripes.com/gao-navy-carrier-will-be-incomplete-cost-more-at-delivery-1.315358 |archivedate=29 November 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
47. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsdelivery-of-us-navys-uss-gerald-r-ford-aircraft-carrier-further-delayed-4677028 |title=Delivery of US Navy's USS Gerald R Ford aircraft carrier further delayed |publisher=Kable |date=23 September 2015 |website=Naval-technology.com |accessdate=25 September 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926044905/http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsdelivery-of-us-navys-uss-gerald-r-ford-aircraft-carrier-further-delayed-4677028 |archivedate=26 September 2015 |df=dmy-all }}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/25/politics/uss-gerald-r-ford-aircraft-carrier-delay/index.html|title=U.S. Navy's new $13B aircraft carrier can't fight|date=July 25, 2016|website=CNN|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725164820/http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/25/politics/uss-gerald-r-ford-aircraft-carrier-delay/index.html|archivedate=25 July 2016|deadurl=no|accessdate=July 25, 2016|df=dmy-all}}
49. ^{{cite AV media | date = 2017-12-18 | title = Building Integrity, Building Ford: A Documentary | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHn1G9HLR2A | publisher = Huntington Ingalls Industries}}
50. ^{{cite web|last1=Cavas|first1=Christopher P.|title=Dual Band Radar Swapped Out In New Carriers|url=https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2015/03/17/dual-band-radar-swapped-out-in-new-carriers/|website=Defense News|accessdate=28 April 2018|date=8 August 2017}}
51. ^{{cite web|title=New Ford-class aircraft carrier: 25 percent more flights per day|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2013/1109/USS-Gerald-R.-Ford-New-aircraft-carrier-with-25-percent-more-flights-per-day|work=CS monitor|date=9 November 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109201309/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2013/1109/USS-Gerald-R.-Ford-New-aircraft-carrier-with-25-percent-more-flights-per-day|archivedate=9 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}
52. ^{{cite web | last = Vergakis | first = Brock | title = Navy christens next generation of aircraft carrier | publisher = Yahoo | url = https://news.yahoo.com/navy-christens-next-generation-aircraft-carrier-173824577.html | date = 9 October 2013 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305145912/http://news.yahoo.com/navy-christens-next-generation-aircraft-carrier-173824577.html | archivedate = 5 March 2016 | df = dmy-all }}
53. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/in-testing-phase-new-carrier-plagued-by-problems-1.261377 |title=In testing phase, new carrier plagued by problems |date=10 January 2014 |website=Stars and Stripes |accessdate=10 January 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111131605/http://www.stripes.com/news/in-testing-phase-new-carrier-plagued-by-problems-1.261377 |archivedate=11 January 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
54. ^{{cite web|title=EMALS/ AAG: Electro-Magnetic Launch & Recovery for Carriers|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/emals-electro-magnetic-launch-for-carriers-05220/|website=Defense Industry Daily|accessdate=10 August 2017|date=28 July 2017}}
55. ^{{cite web | website=Defense News | last=Cavas | first=Christopher | url=http://www.defensenews.com/articles/carrier-ford-has-serious-power-problem |title=Carrier Ford Has Serious Power Problem | date=18 September 2016 | accessdate=23 February 2017}}
56. ^{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Fabey |title=The US Navy's most expensive ship ever built still has a tough path to getting deployment-ready |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-tough-road-towards-deployment-for-navys-most-expensive-ship-2017-6 |work=Business Insider |date=27 June 2017 |accessdate=11 August 2017}}
57. ^{{Citation | url = http://www.dodbuzz.com/2014/01/31/navy-alerted-to-ford-class-carrier-reliability-issues/ | title = Navy Alerted to Ford-class Carrier Reliability Issues | newspaper = DoD Buzz | date = 31 January 2014 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140204003614/http://www.dodbuzz.com/2014/01/31/navy-alerted-to-ford-class-carrier-reliability-issues/ | archivedate = 4 February 2014 | df = dmy-all }}.
58. ^{{cite AV media |title= Future USS Gerald R. Ford Underway on Sea Trials |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91zJbI53Xss |access-date=2017-04-19 |publisher= Huntington Ingalls Industries }}
59. ^{{cite news|last1=Heretik|first1=Jack|title=America’s Newest Aircraft Carrier USS Gerald R. Ford Begins Sea Trials|url=http://freebeacon.com/national-security/americas-newest-aircraft-carrier-uss-gerald-r-ford-begins-sea-trials/|accessdate=11 April 2017|work=Washington Free Beacon|date=10 April 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412061605/http://freebeacon.com/national-security/americas-newest-aircraft-carrier-uss-gerald-r-ford-begins-sea-trials/|archivedate=12 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}
60. ^{{cite web |first=Brock |last=Vergakis |title=Aircraft carrier Gerald R. Ford completes builder's sea trials |url=http://pilotonline.com/news/military/local/aircraft-carrier-gerald-r-ford-completes-builder-s-sea-trials/article_b131c127-7da8-5a55-b3df-c4f87aee45a8.html |work=The Virginian Pilot |date=14 April 2017 |accessdate=17 April 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602093611/http://pilotonline.com/news/military/local/aircraft-carrier-gerald-r-ford-completes-builder-s-sea-trials/article_b131c127-7da8-5a55-b3df-c4f87aee45a8.html |archivedate=2 June 2017 |df=dmy-all }}
61. ^{{cite web|last1=Lessig|first1=Hugh|title=Aircraft Carrier Ford Heads Out for Sea Trials|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/05/25/aircraft-carrier-ford-heads-sea-trials.html|website=Military.com|accessdate=25 May 2017|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525211037/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/05/25/aircraft-carrier-ford-heads-sea-trials.html|archivedate=25 May 2017|df=dmy-all}}
62. ^1 {{cite web |first=Sam |last=LaGrone |title=Delay in Aircraft Carrier Ford Testing Could Compress Workups for First Deployment |url=https://news.usni.org/2017/01/18/delay-in-aircraft-carrier-ford-testing-could-compress-workups-for-first-deployment |work=USNI News |date=18 January 2017 |accessdate=8 June 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218122842/https://news.usni.org/2017/01/18/delay-in-aircraft-carrier-ford-testing-could-compress-workups-for-first-deployment |archivedate=18 February 2017 |df=dmy-all }}
63. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Woody|first1=Christopher|title=Watch the Navy's newest, most sophisticated aircraft carrier land and launch her first aircraft|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/navys-gerald-r-ford-aircraft-carrier-land-launch-its-first-aircraft-2017-7|accessdate=10 August 2017|work=Business Insider|date=31 July 2017|format=Military and Defense}}
64. ^{{cite web |title=Local man pilots first plane to land on U.S.S. Gerald Ford |url=http://fox8.com/2017/07/29/local-man-pilots-first-plane-to-land-on-u-s-s-gerald-ford/ |work=Fox 8 Cleveland |date=29 July 2017 |accessdate=2 August 2017|last1=Domeck|first1=Ann}}
65. ^{{cite web|last1=LaGrone|first1=Sam|title=VIDEO: USS Gerald R. Ford Conducts First Arrested Landing, Catapult Launch|url=https://news.usni.org/2017/07/28/video-uss-gerald-r-ford-conducts-first-arrested-landing-catapult-launch|website=USNI News|publisher=U.S. Naval Institute|date=28 July 2017}}
  • {{NVR|{{NVR url|id=CVN78}}}}

External links

{{Commons category|USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78)}}
  • {{official website|http://www.navy.mil/local/cvn78/}}
  • Builder's website
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2sOTBN4s-Y Nimitz Class vs. Ford Class, Capt. John F. Meier] (video, 2m7s)

OSD Operational Testing and Evaluation Annual Reports re CVN78;

  • FY2013 (January 2014)
  • FY2014 (January 2015)
  • FY2015 (January 2016)
  • FY2016 (December 2016)
  • FY2017 (January 2018)
{{Ford class aircraft carrier}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78)}}

5 : Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carriers|United States Navy Michigan-related ships|Nuclear ships of the United States Navy|Ships built in Newport News, Virginia|2013 ships
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