| 词条 | USS LSM-60 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
World War II Service{{Expand section|date=June 2008}}LSM-60s keel was laid on 7 July 1944 and she was launched on 29 July.[2] She was commissioned on 25 August, LT. William W. Doar, USNR, commanding.[3]LSM-60 participated in the assault landings at Iwo Jima, where she earned one battle star.[3]Operation Crossroads "ground" zero{{see also|Operation Crossroads}}In 1946, the United States conducted the first nuclear weapon tests designed to measure nuclear explosion effects on ships, Operation Crossroads. The second shot of this test, BAKER, was designed to test the effects of an underwater nuclear blast on surface ships and submarines. LSM-60 was modified with a well through the cargo deck and hull, a derrick to lower the bomb through the well, and a large antenna to receive the detonation signal. On 25 July, a standard Mk. 3A "Fat Man" type atomic bomb, nicknamed Helen of Bikini, placed in a watertight casing, was suspended 90 feet below LSM-60 in the lagoon of Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands.[4] At 0835 local time the bomb was detonated, destroying LSM-60 and eight target ships, including {{USS|Saratoga|CV-3}}.[5] A seaman present claimed that "there was not one identifiable piece of the LSM-60 ever located",[4] however a British naval constructor present reports he saw a {{Convert|3|in|cm|adj=on}} square piece of LSM-60 on the deck of a target ship afterward.[6]External links
References1. ^The ill-fated {{USS|Indianapolis|CA-35}} was the first to carry a nuclear weapon. {{LSM-1-class landing ship medium|000}}{{1946 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lsm-060}}2. ^{{cite web |url= http://bob.plord.net/Ships/Period4/UnitedStates/Amphibious/LSM60.html |title= LSM-60 |accessdate= 26 December 2006 }} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.navsource.org/archives/10/14/14060.htm |title= NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive LSM-60 |accessdate= 26 December 2006 }} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.aracnet.com/~pdxavets/jordanj1.htm |title= Operation Crossroads |accessdate= 26 December 2006 }}{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} 5. ^{{cite web |url= http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Crossrd.html |title= Operation Crossroads 1946 |accessdate= 26 December 2006}} 6. ^{{cite book |title= The End of an Era |last= Daniel |first= R. J. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2003 |publisher= Periscope Publishing Ltd. |location= |isbn= 978-1-904381-18-1 |page= 83 |pages= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=iDeBCVj_PJQC&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83#v=onepage&q=&f=false |accessdate= 2 December 2009}} 7 : World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States|Ships built in Houston|LSM-1-class landing ships medium|1944 ships|Ships sunk as targets|Ships involved in Operation Crossroads|Maritime incidents in 1946 |
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