| 词条 | USS Lucid (MSO-458) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
USS Lucid (AM-458/MSO-458) is an {{sclass-|Aggressive|minesweeper}} acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of removing naval mines that had been placed in the water to prevent the safe passage of ships. She was launched soon after the Korean War, sailed on four Western Pacific (Westpac) cruises and served two tours in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Lucid was decommissioned at the end of 1970 and placed in mothballs after only 15 years of service, as the Vietnam War was winding down and there was no longer a need for a large fleet of minesweepers. She was purchased by civilians and served as a houseboat for ten years before being sold again and used as a warehouse in the Sacramento Delta. In 2005, Lucid was acquired by a foundation seeking to save a ship of this class and is now undergoing restoration as a museum ship by a maritime museum in Stockton, California. Lucid is the last Aggressive-class minesweeper afloat in the United States. Military serviceWestPac tours of dutyThe second warship to be named Lucid by the United States Navy, the keel of AM-458 was laid down by Higgins Inc. Shipyard in New Orleans, Louisiana on 16 March 1953. The vessel was launched on 14 November 1953, sponsored by Mrs. Mary J. Barrow and was reclassified MSO-458 on 7 February 1955. Lucid was commissioned on 4 May 1955, Lieutenant J. H. Graham, USN in command.[1] After shakedown in the Caribbean, Lucid sailed for the Pacific Ocean, arriving at Long Beach, California on 22 August. For the next thirteen months, she performed mine warfare exercises on the U.S. West Coast, then sailed on her first western Pacific tour on 1 October 1956. During the period from 1956 to 5 November 1963, Lucid sailed on four WestPac cruises and while there performed operations with the U.S. 7th Fleet. In addition to exercises with the 7th Fleet, the minesweeper participated in goodwill programs in the countries she visited. The time between WestPac cruises was spent in mine countermeasure exercises off the southern California coast.[1] Supporting Market Time operationsThroughout 1964 Lucid continued training exercises off the U.S. West Coast, then departed Long Beach on 5 April 1965 on her fifth WestPac cruise. Arriving at Subic Bay in the Philippine Islands on 24 May, she prepared for Operation Market Time off the coast of Vietnam. From June to October the minesweeper continued patrol and surveillance of Vietnamese junk traffic. She boarded a total of 186 junks and steel-hulled ships, and contributed to a reduction of enemy infiltration of men and supplies by sea. Lucid returned to Long Beach on 14 December and operated off the southern California coast until May 1966 when she commenced overhaul at Harbor Boat Building Co. in San Pedro, California.[1] WestPac deployment after 1966 overhaulIn October 1966, having completed her overhaul, Lucid prepared for another WestPac deployment. She departed Long Beach on 6 January 1967. Lucid served once again with the Market Time forces, performing surveillance and search duties, as well as hunting mines in the harbors of South Vietnam. On 16 October 1967, she departed Subic Bay, homeward bound after a long deployment. Lucid arrived at Long Beach on 18 November. Following a brief overhaul period, and refresher training, she sailed for WestPac on 1 April. Along with patrol duty off the Vietnamese coast and upkeep periods at Subic Bay and Singapore, Lucid conducted minesweeping exercises with allied navies. Returning to Long Beach in mid-October, the minesweeper began a yard period where she (remained) into 1969.[1] In August 1969, Lucid completed an extensive shipyard overhaul which included major modifications and additions to operations and communications capabilities.[2] DecommissioningLucid was decommissioned at U.S. Naval Shipyard Long Beach, California on 23 December 1970. After remarks by her last commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander R. C. Wilgenbusch, USN, her ensign, jack, and commissioning pennant were hauled down, the watch was secured, and the ship was transferred to the U.S. Naval Ship Repair Facility, Long Beach.[2]Lucid was struck from the Navy Vessel Register on 15 May 1976 and "disposed of by Navy Sale" on 1 November 1976.[3] The scrap yard removed valuable metals and equipment. The Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service sold her to W. Dean Kirkpatrick of San Francisco, California on 30 December 1976 for $40,250.[4]Civilian serviceLucid was next converted to a houseboat. W. Dean Kirkpatrick and his wife Vicki, and later Dan Keller and his wife Anneli, lived aboard for several years. They were moored in various locations including Pier 4 at the western end of the Bay Bridge in San Francisco, the Oakland estuary below Alameda's Park Street Bridge, and a Richmond shipyard. This ended in late 1986 when Dean gave up the ship to (William Gardner) who towed it up to Bradford Island in the Sacramento Delta where it sat for years.[4] Gardner removed and sold everything of value from the ship and used it as a storage building, cutting a hole in the hull on the port side near the waterline to use as a door. On 7 September 2004, Gardner was fatally shot by his neighbor.[5]In 2005, Gardner's widow donated the ship to United States Navy veteran Mike Warren, who served on Lucid as an engineman in the 1960s. Since late 1999, Warren and his "Save an MSO Foundation" had unsuccessfully tried to save an {{sclass-|Aggressive|minesweeper|2}} as a museum ship as they were being decommissioned and replaced by the new {{sclass-|Avenger|mine countermeasures ship|4}}. The government refused to give one of the last six MSOs to the public, claiming that it was governmental policy not to donate wooden ships due to the cost and magnitude of the maintenance required for upkeep. Eventually, all six ships were dismantled at a cost to the government in excess of $3.5 million. Warren and a group of volunteers began the monumental task of restoring Lucid by first removing the tons of junk that had accumulated over the years and then repairing the hole in her side. Museum shipLucid was acquired by the Stockton Historical Maritime Museum and in November 2011, she was moved from Bradford Island to her new berth in Stockton, California at a pier of the former Naval Reserve Center on Monte Diablo Avenue. On 15 March 2012, USS Lucid was dedicated at a ribbon cutting ceremony presented by the Stockton Historical Maritime Museum and the San Joaquin Building Futures Academy. Lucid is currently located at the "Building Futures Academy" site where students participate in the restoration of the ship. Once restored, the ship will be open for the public for tours and special events, and will be moved to the historic shipbuilding area near Weber Point in Stockton.[6] Upon return to its original appearance, Lucid will be moved to become a representative part of the historic downtown waterfront area near Weber Point, where over a thousand boats and ships were built, beginning in the 1850s and ending in the 1980s. There, Lucid will become a permanent icon, open to the public for tours and special events. Awards and decorations
Vietnam Service Medal, Republic of Vietnam Meritorious Unit Citation (Gallantry Cross),[7] and the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal. Twice winner of the Battle Efficiency Award (1957-1961) presented to the most outstanding ship in each class. In 1963, she was nominated by Commander Mine Force Pacific for the Ney Memorial Award, which is awarded to the ship with the most outstanding food services facilities. In 1968, Lucid earned the White "M" for minesweeping efficiency.[2] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last=Mooney |first=James L.|title=Dictionary of American Fighting Ships, Volume 2 |year=1977 |publisher=Government Printing Office |page=160}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=USS Lucid (MSO-458) Decommissioning Ceremony Program pamphlet}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Naval Vessel Register LUCID|url={{NVR url|id=MSO458}}|accessdate=16 February 2014}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=USS Lucid, MSO 458 Dan Keller|url=http://www.dan.keller.com/lucid.html|accessdate=16 February 2014}} 5. ^{{cite news|last=Bulwa|first=Demian|title=BRADFORD ISLAND / Long-running feud blamed in shooting|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|date=9 September 2004}} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://stocktonhistoricalmaritimemuseum.org/ | title=Welcome to the Stockton Historic Maritime Museum – Home of the USS Lucid (MSO-458) | publisher=Stockton Historic Maritime Museum | accessdate=6 February 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Master List of Unit Awards and Campaign Medals|url=http://www.usshorne.net/horne/images/ribbons/opnavnote1650.pdf|work=OPNAVNOTE 1650|accessdate=18 February 2014|author=Chief of Naval Operations|date=9 March 2001}}
External links
8 : Aggressive-class minesweepers|Ships built in New Orleans|1953 ships|Vietnam War mine warfare vessels of the United States|Museum ships in California|Military and war museums in California|Naval museums in the United States|Proposed museums in the United States |
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